scholarly journals The Influence of Excellence on Municipal Performance: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From the Czech Republic

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402097823
Author(s):  
Michal Plaček ◽  
Milan Křápek ◽  
Jan Čadil ◽  
Bojka Hamerníková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Free Disposal Hull ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of excellence-promoting policies on the actual performance of municipalities in the Czech Republic. In this analysis, the performance of municipalities that have received awards for the use of quality management tools is compared with a selected group of municipalities that did not receive awards. Data envelopment analysis (DEA; with constant and variable returns on the scale), free disposal hull (FDH), and Order-M methods were utilized to represent performance. For the actual performance comparison, a quasi-experimental design was used. The analysis of outputs using the difference impact method found that this specific public policy did not have a positive impact on the efficiency of municipalities. If the difference-in-differences method is used, the opposite is achieved. However, the technical efficiency gains are very small. The use of the quasi-experimental design along with the determination of inputs and outputs which are characteristic of the Czech Republic also offers a contribution when this method is being applied to the assessment of institutions in the form of local governments.

Interfunctional Coordination at Hi-Tech Firms

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Kanovska ◽  
Eva Tomaskova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
External Environment ◽  
New Method ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

The paper is focused on the determination of new knowledge about interfunctional coordination. Interfunctional coordination was defined at the beginning of 90s. It is the coordination of all company activities leading to the increase of business performance. Interfunctional coordination is connected with market orientation. It is one of necessary principle of market orientation. It is not possible to use market orientation without interfunctional coordination. Market orientation is based on marketing conception. The first detailed studies were offered by Kohli and Jaworski (1990) and Narver and Slater (1990). Market orientation is described as a method helping to contribute better managing of a company by many researchers. A lot of papers on this topic were publicized during the last two decades. The earliest papers involved the first definitions of market orientation; offered methods for its measuring; and investigated the impact of market orientation on business performance. The last attitudes towards market orientation agree that market orientation enables managers to focus on external and internal elements and activities, which influence the activity of a company leading to its performance increase (Tomaskova, 2009). At present, we have a lot of methods used for the measuring of market orientation. Using a proper method depends on the branch or economic system. The perception of the implementation of market orientation is changing during the period, as well. However, the main principle is still the same – market orientation has a positive impact on business performance. Nowadays, a lot of authors deal with the implementation of market orientation. Because of this reason, we have prepared research “Research on implementation on market orientation in Hi-Tech Firms” (GA 402/07/1493). The goal of the research was to detect barriers of the implementation of market orientation. We divided the barriers of the implementation into three parts according to managers’ influence in an internal, branch and external environment. State, economy and technologies are named as the main elements of external environment. The main barriers connected with the elements of branch environment are quality and quantity of branch stakeholders. Barriers of internal environment involve the barriers connected with the top management and its personality, skills, knowledge and experiences, all employees of a company and interfunctional coordination. The paper deals with the interfunctional coordination at hi-tech firms. The objective of the paper is to define barriers connected with interfunctional coordination and to detect the perception and importance of interfunctional coordination at hi-tech firms. The theoretical knowledge is noticed in some research studies. The data was acquired by means of a questionnaire. New Method measured market orientation in a company. The questionnaire New Method with 7-point Likert scale constituted by Tomaskova (2005) was used for the research. The complete database was analysed by using standard statistical methods (correlation analysis, Spearman correlation coefficient, chi-square) as well as other sophisticated techniques (Cronbach alpha). The main results of the research show that the level of market orientation at the hi-tech firms in the Czech Republic is high and confirm how important is gaining information and using this information inside the company for market orientation. The main results of the research confirm that interfunctional coordination is the base of market orientation. Hi-tech firms in the Czech Republic perceive interfunctional coordination as very necessary presumption for their future development and prosperity. The highest rate for this part received the following statements confirming positive company attitude for innovation, preference for teamwork and mutual cooperation in firms and also effort to be flexible. On the other hand, the lowest average rate had the statement describing relations between superiors and subordinates and their strictness and formalness.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.23.1.1224

scholarly journals The Impact of Open Selection on the Number of Corruption Cases in High Leadership Positions (JPT) in Local Governments in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Winda Hestiecia
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Political Costs ◽  
Total Capital ◽  
Alpha Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Merit System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study aims to explain the impact of implementing open selection on the amount of corruption in local government JPT in Indonesia. Using the difference-in-differences-in-differences (DDD) approach, this study analyzes panel data on JPT corruption in Indonesia that have been inkracht handled by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in the period 2009-2019. The results of theoretical studies and previous research have given rise to the hypothesis that the implementation of open selection has a positive impact on reducing JPT corruption cases in local governments in Indonesia. This study found that the implementation of open selection can reduce the number of corruption cases by -0.892% and significantly at the 10% alpha level in regions with high total capital expenditures. This finding demonstrates the positive impact of open selection on JPT corruption cases and thus supports previous studies on the positive impact of implementing a merit system, in particular open selection on the number of JPT corruption cases in regions with high total spending. In addition, to strengthen the research results by adding case studies and in-depth interviews with KASN and ICW. It was found that it greatly influenced the implementation of open selection. It is the high political costs in the regions that are the main cause that causes corruption of governors, mayors, and regents followed by regional officials to continue to occur.

scholarly journals Business risks and their impact on business future concerning the entrepreneur’s experience with business bankruptcy: case of Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-430
Author(s):  
Ján Dvorský ◽  
Aleksandr Ključnikov ◽  
Jiří Polách
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Business Failure ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The article aims to determine the difference in the perception of selected business risks and their impact on the future of business concerning the entrepreneur’s experience with business bankruptcy. The case study involved 73 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with experience of business bankruptcy and 381 SMEs without the experience of business bankruptcy from the Czech Republic (CR). Linear regression models were used to verify statistically significant causal relationships between selected indicators of the most significant business risks and respondents’ perceptions of the future of business. The results brought interesting findings. The attitudes of entrepreneurs show that personnel, market, and financial risk are among the three most significant business risks. Experience with business failure is not a significant factor in determining the impact of market indicators on the business’s perceived future. The adequacy of sales of services and products has the greatest impact. The experience of the bankruptcy of SMEs is important in financial risk attitudes. According to entrepreneurs who have no experience with bankruptcy, the perception of financial performance has the greatest direct impact on the future of business. Conversely, for entrepreneurs who have experienced bankruptcy, the ability to properly manage financial risk on the company’s future has the greatest direct impact.

scholarly journals Microbial Contamination of Photographic and Cinematographic Materials in Archival Funds in the Czech Republic

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Sabina Purkrtova ◽  
Dana Savicka ◽  
Jana Kadava ◽  
Hana Sykorova ◽  
Nikola Kovacova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Sensitive Layer ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Polyurethane Sponge ◽  
The Impact

In this study we investigated the microbial contamination of 126 samples of photographic and cinematographic materials from 10 archival funds in the Czech Republic. Microorganisms were isolated from the light-sensitive layer by swabbing it with a polyurethane sponge. Microbial isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS (bacteria) or by phenotype testing and microscopy (fungi). Bacterial contamination was more abundant and more diverse than fungal contamination, and both were significantly associated with archives. The most frequently isolated fungal genera were Cladosporium, Eurotium, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Alternaria. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Gram-positive genera such as Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Kocuria, Streptococcus and Bacillus. This bacterial and fungal diversity suggests that air is the main vehicle of contamination. We also analysed the impact of the type of material used for the carrier (paper, baryta paper, cellulose acetate and nitrate or glass) or the light-sensitive layer (albumen, gelatine, collodion and other) on the level and diversity of microbial contamination. Carriers such as polyester and cellulose nitrate may have a negative impact on bacterial contamination, while paper and baryta paper may have a partially positive impact on both fungal and bacterial contamination.

scholarly journals The impact of team preferences on soccer offside judgments in laypersons: a quasi-experimental study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wühr ◽  
Frowin Fasold ◽  
Daniel Memmert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Perceptual Effect ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Background Contrast

Abstract The present study uses a quasi-experimental design to investigate the impact of team preferences on the accuracy of offside judgments. In Experiments 1 and 2, supporters of two German soccer clubs (i.e., Borussia Dortmund and FC Schalke 04) judged offsides in artificial scenes from a match between the clubs. We expected that supporters of both clubs would less frequently report the offside position of a forward from the preferred team. The results of Experiment 1 partly confirmed the predictions. Both groups reported the offside position of a yellow forward less frequently than that of a blue forward, and this effect was much larger for supporters of Borussia Dortmund than for supporters of Schalke 04. The difference between groups could be attributed to team preferences. The weaker effect of team preference in supporters of Schalke 04 was attributed to an unexpected perceptual effect that increased the accuracy of offside judgments for blue forwards in both groups. Experiments 2 and 3 showed the presumed effect of team preferences and the perceptual effect, respectively, in isolation. In summary, the results of our experiments provide evidence for (a) an effect of team preferences and (b) an effect of shirt–background contrast on offside judgments in soccer.

scholarly journals The Impact of Pandemics on Workforce Joblessness in Central Europe in pre-Covid Era and during Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Michal Beno
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gender Unemployment Gap ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oecd Data

Unemployment affects individuals socially, personally, and economically. The impact of being jobless can be long-lasting. Five different generations participate in the workplace today. As countries throughout the world went into lockdown to combat the spread of Covid-19, unemployment numbers rose rapidly. This study aimed to examine the effects of unemployment in three-generation groups in V4 and Austria in the pre-Covid-19 era and during Covid-19. Descriptive statistics were used to present the collected data. OECD data were used for the analysis. Based on the data collected, unemployment decreases with age. The group aged 15-24 shows significantly higher unemployment than the other two groups. A gender difference in unemployment was confirmed only in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Unemployment has increased during the Covid-19 pandemic. The unemployment gap for females before and during Covid-19 was not confirmed. The T-Test confirmed the difference in unemployment before and during the crisis in the age categories 15-24 and 25-54. In Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, the number of people with a duration of employment of up to one year differs in all age categories. In the Czech Republic, there is a significant difference only between the youngest group and the other two. In all countries, the largest number of people with the employment of up to one year is in the age group 25-54. In none of the examined countries was a gender unemployment gap proved before Covid-19.

scholarly journals Mortality in Dairy Cows Transported to Slaughter as Affected by Travel Distance and Seasonality

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Večerek ◽  
M. Malena ◽  
M. Malena ◽  
E. Voslářová ◽  
I. Bedáňová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Travel Distance ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
The Impact

A significant lapse in welfare conditions of dairy cows being shipped to slaughter may result in higher death rates of the animals in the course of transportation. The objective of this work was to quantify the rate at which dairy cows die while transported to slaughter facilities, to determine the impact of travel distance on this rate, the seasonal effect on the number of deceased cows, and to identify any developmental trends associated with these losses. In the period of 1997 - 2004, veterinary inspectors in the Czech Republic tracked the deaths of dairy cows in connection with their transportation to slaughter. Of the total number of 1,107,685 monitored dairy cows transported to slaughter in the Czech Republic in the period from 1997 to 2004, 418 dairy cows died. The death rate was determined to be 0.038%. However, the mortality varied depending on the distance travelled, from 0.013% for trips not exceeding 50 km, to 0.183% for trips longer than 300 km. Comparing Period I (1997 - 2000) with Period II (2001 - 2004), the overall death rate of dairy cows attributable to slaughterhouse-bound transportation rose from 0.023% to 0.057% (a 2.51 index) and the difference between periods was highly significant (p < 0.01). This outcome revealed an undesirable long-range trend of rising dairy cow mortality in all travel distances. The obtained results document a relatively low sensitivity of dairy cows to stresses arising from shipment to slaughter as indicated by transportation-related deaths. However, the growing trend in the number of dairy cows dying on their way to slaughter is a warning sign in relation to the welfare of cows subjected to such transportation.

scholarly journals Firm-specific factors and financial performance of firms in the Czech Republic

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 2183-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pathirawasam Chandrapala ◽  
Adriana Knápková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to investigate the role of internal factors in generating financial performance of firms in the Czech Republic. The paper examines the impact of firm specific factors on company financial performance of 974 firms in the Czech Republic over the period 2005 to 2008, using data in the Albertina database. Pooled and panel cross-sectional time series techniques are used for the data analysis. Return on Assets (ROA) is the dependent variable of the model and eight firm specific factors are introduced as the explanatory variables. Using Return on Assets as the dependent variable, it is established that the firm size, sales growth and capital turnover are having significant positive impact on financial performance of firms. At the same time, debt ratio and inventory reflect significant negative impact on financial performance of firms. Overall explanatory powers of the two models are low and further research is necessary to increase the statistical power of the model. The results from the present study may be very encouraging and useful for managers as well as investors to plan investment and operational activities to achieve profitability objectives more efficiently and effectively. The findings have important managerial implications.

scholarly journals The effect of the R&D fi nancing reform on production of results in the Czech Republic

Ergo ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Jiří Vaněček
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Citation Impact ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Patent License ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Czech R&D underwent 2 major changes in the past 10 years. Evaluation of R&D institutions according to their results has been started in 2004 and the reform of the institutional financing has been announced in 2008. Starting from 2009, the institutional support has been distributed according to the evaluation. Our study analyses the impact of these changes on production of R&D results. Throughout the whole analyzed period 1996-2011, the numbers of publications in journal indexed in Scopus and of EPO patent applications grew faster in the Czech Republic than in 8 other European countries. The fastest growth occurred in the period 2004-2007 after the start of evaluation, but it slowed down after the announcement of the financing reform in 2008. It indicates that financing reform did not have the expected positive impact on result production. The increase of result number was probably due to the fast growth of the R&D financing. It is possible, however, that acceleration of the growth of R&D results could have been partly due to the evaluation of the institutions. Another problem is quality of the results. Citation impact of the Czech publications is the lowest of all analyzed countries. Numbers of the newly concluded patent license contracts and the receipts from them do not increase and are the lowest of all analyzed countries. It is therefore clear that currently used instruments do not fulfill their role and new stimuli supporting the growth of the quality are needed.

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
I. E. Limonov ◽  
M. V. Nesena
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

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