scholarly journals Assessment of Young People’s Motivation for Pursuit of Higher Degree in the Field of Education: Implications for Educational Philosophy and Teacher Policy in Nigeria

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110138
Author(s):  
Felix Okechukwu Ugwuozor ◽  
Dominic U. Ngwoke
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Discrete Choice Models ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Altruistic Motive ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Political Appointees ◽  
Basic Level

This study assesses students’ motivation for the pursuit of higher degree in the field of Education. Due to their current low-income status (mean value of less than $2 day) and their desired income (mean value of $500 per day) 10 years after acquiring the degree, it is instructive and tractable to examine the income effect of their motivation. Their current low-income status suggests that they are on the average, meeting basic needs such as food and clothing. In addition, their desired income suggests that they desire to possibly move up the zenith of the hierarchies of need. Thus, current income, desired income, choice to work in the educational sector, intended career destination, and (revealed) altruistic motive for teaching in primary and secondary schools after moving up in the ladder of needs were measures of motivation and dependent variables. Ordinary least squares (OLS) and discrete choice models were estimated to identify the determinants of these measures. Results show that very few students had wanted to study Education at undergraduate level. Motivation for their enrolment in postgraduate education, however, is apparently pecuniary and essentially market driven. Most of the students preferred high-paying professions within the education sector—lectureship positions in the tertiary institutions, influencing policies as politicians and political appointees, and running educational businesses. Although, a few students intended to teach in future at the basic level, primary and secondary levels, most of them possess altruistic motives to teach, that is, to mentor students.

Foreign capital inflows and economic growth: the experience of low-income countries in Sub Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atif Awad
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Capital Inflows ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Foreign Capital Inflows ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the long-run impact of selected foreign capital inflows, including aid, remittances, foreign direct investment (FDI), trade and debt, on the economic growth of 21 low-income countries in the Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) region, during the period 1990–2018. Design/methodology/approach To obtain this objective and for robust analysis, a parametric approach, which was dynamic ordinary least squares, and a non-parametric technique, which was fully modified ordinary least squares, were used. Findings The results of both models confirmed that, in the long run, trade and aid affected the growth rate of the per capita income in these countries in a positive way. However, external debt seemed to have an adverse influence on such growth. Originality/value First, this is the initial study that has addressed this matter across a homogenous group of countries in the SSA region. Second, while most of the previous studies regarding capital inflows into the SSA region have focused on the impact of only one or two aspects of such foreign capital inflows on growth, the present study, instead, examined the impact of five types of foreign capital inflows (aid, remittances, FDI, trade and debt).

scholarly journals What are the expectations of parents from preschool education institutions: Why do they choose? What are they waiting for?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-123
Author(s):  
Sibel Yoleri
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
School Policy ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Significant Difference

The goal of this study was to investigate the expectations of the parents with a child enrolled at a preschool education institution from preschool education institutions. This research was designed as a survey study. The sample of this study consisted of 326 children, enrolled at preschool education institutions in the center of Usak province, and their parents. "Parents' Expectations from Preschool Institutions Questionnaire" developed by Simsek and Ivrendi (2014), and "Demographics Information Form" were used as data collection tools to determine the expectations of parents from preschool education institutions. It was concluded as a result of the study that the parents had a "low level" expectation related to the sub-scales of (teacher, education-family, school policy, informing) of the Parents' Expectations from Preschool Institutions Questionnaire. A significant difference in favor of males was found out in the informing sub-scale according to the t-test results carried out related to parents' expectations in line with the gender of children. The expectations of parents from preschool institutions showed a significant difference according to income status. It was found out that the expectations of families with low income level from preschool institutions were higher compared to the expectations of families with middle- and high-income levels regarding the sub-scales of teacher and education-family.

scholarly journals Mobile Technology as a Learning Tool in the Academic Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2(J)) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Sidwell Sabelo Nkosi ◽  
Rosemary Sibanda ◽  
Ankit Katrodia
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Learning Tool ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Educational Production ◽  
The University

Education in South Africa is not equally accessible, and the quality of education is not the same across all educational institutions. Students from low-income societies are scoring lower marks in contrast to students from higher income societies. The influence on this is the unavailability of efficient educational resources and infrastructure. This study uses a focus group of 300 students from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) School of Economics. It attempts to examine and explain the effect of the use of mobile technology in academic activities within the school of economics at UKZN. The study divides the sample size into two groups, half is given mobile technology and the remaining group is deprived of mobile technology. The data is recorded in two educational production functions, namely Ordinary Least Squares and Logistic Regression Model. The cumulative distribution function examines the probability, in form of Logit, that a student passes economic if using mobile technology for academic activities or studying. Study findings indicate that it is imperative that institutions invest in mobile technology as their learning tool to improve throughput rate and it allows efficiency in all academic activities. Mobile technology enables students to be disciplined, effective and work ready.

scholarly journals Socio-Demographic Profile of Schedule Tribes of Five Integrated Tribal Development Agency Spots at Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Tamanna Nazli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Development Agency ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Care Facilities

Background: Tribal population is the second largest in India next to Africa, constituting 8.6% of total India population. Tribal population have unique physical, socio-economic and cultural environment but most deprived from health care facilities and vulnerable to malnutrition and diseases. Objective: To study the living condition of tribal people which includes socio-economic, demographic and health status profile along with providing health care facilities to tribes. Methods: Five Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA) spots which belongs to Chenchu tribe of Kurnool district Andhra Pradesh were adopted. Data was collected through house-to-house survey and in Mobile medical camps in a pre-tested questionnaire provided by CCRUM. Results: A total of 3174 patients were screened among them 584 person of 130 families were selected for data collection. Majority (93.07%) were Hindu in the age group 21-30 years (31.6%), with male preponderance. Education status was fair (42.63%) population were illiterate. The basis amenities were good, (93.84%) use piped drinking water, all had open drainage system, (91.53%) use LPG, (89.23%) household surveys have pucca house, and (77.69%) use pit toilet. More than half of them (54.79%) were married, (70.16%) adopted permanent sterilization for family planning, 107 females registered when pregnant, majority delivered at hospital (53.44%), mostly (93.91%) visited family welfare center, 117(90%) household don’t have government health facility other than PHC or MCH. Conclusion: Low-income status, less literacy rate, and unhygienic sanitary conditions were common among Chenchu tribe of Andhra Pradesh. Majority of them (25.87%) suffered from Musculoskeletal diseases reported to OPD of mobile medical camps.

scholarly journals Impact of regional differences in stroke symptom awareness and low-income status on seeking emergency medical service in China

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Guang-Liang Shan ◽  
Sheng-De Li ◽  
Chun-Peng Gao ◽  
Li-Ying Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medical Service ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Stroke Symptom ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Symptom Awareness

Migraine and Stress – An Explorative Cross-Country Study of External Stress Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene van Staveren
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
External Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Proxy Variables ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Cross Country

Abstract BackgroundAccording to the Global Burden of Disease 2016 project, migraine ranks first for 15-49 years and second for all ages. The project has reported no significant relation with socio-economic status of a country. To the contrary, migraine ranks first for all ages in low- and middle-income countries suffering from civic unrest and conflict. This raises the question whether external stress factors may be correlated with migraine years lived with disability (YLD).MethodsIn the absence of cross-country studies on migraine and stress, this is a unique exploratory study. The analysis uses two country groups: developed countries (including some middle-income countries) and developing (middle- and low-income) countries. For the first group, proxy variables for stress are included that relate to flexible and highly competitive labour markets (productivity and unemployment), whereas for the second group, proxy variables are used that relate to conflict and migration. The data were analysed with multiple ordinary least squares cross-section regressions.ResultsThe results show a positive relationship between the stress variables on the one hand and migraine YLD on the other hand for both country groups. Almost all results are statistically significant at p<0.01.ConclusionsThe findings from the exploratory cross-country analysis suggest that societal stress factors may be potential candidates for modifiable factors for the prevalence and severity of migraine at the country level.

How Trauma, Depression, and Gender Roles Lead to Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among a Sample of Predominately Low-Income Black, Indigenous, Men of Color: A Mixed Methods Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052096713
Author(s):  
Laura A. Voith ◽  
Hyunjune Lee ◽  
Katie Russell
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Men Of Color ◽  
Ipv Perpetration

Despite decades of research and significant efforts by practitioners and advocates, intimate partner violence (IPV) in the United States remains a public health issue that disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities. The lack of mixed methods and qualitative studies, particularly with Black, Indigenous, Men of Color (BIMOC), limits the field’s ability to tease apart the complex, multifaceted aspects of IPV perpetration and minimizes diverse perspectives of how childhood trauma and key proximal factors culminate in IPV perpetration. An explanatory design, follow-up explanations model, was used with a sample of predominately low-income BIMOC in a batterer intervention program (BIP). Associations between IPV and theoretically supported factors (e.g., trauma symptoms, depression, gender roles) were examined using a cross-sectional survey ( N = 67) with ordinary least squares regression. Following up, processes explaining how these factors might lead to IPV perpetration were explored using semistructured interviews ( N = 11) with narrative analysis. Results indicate that depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms together predict men’s IPV perpetration. Participants’ collective narrative explains how key factors—such as adverse childhood experiences, PTSD, depression, social isolation, anger, and restricted emotionality—work together to culminate in IPV perpetration. Findings shed light on potential trajectories and antecedents that manifest in IPV perpetration, providing implications for practice techniques and program development with low-income BIMOC in BIPs.

scholarly journals Development of Osteoporosis Screening Algorithm for Population Aged 50 Years and above in Klang Valley, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaanthana Subramaniam ◽  
Chin-Yi Chan ◽  
Ima-Nirwana Soelaiman ◽  
Norazlina Mohamed ◽  
Norliza Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Osteoporosis Screening ◽  
Malaysian Population ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Screening Algorithm ◽  
Klang Valley

Background: The current osteoporosis screening instruments are not optimized to be used among the Malaysian population. This study aimed to develop an osteoporosis screening algorithm based on risk factors for Malaysians. Methods: Malaysians aged ≥50 years (n = 607) from Klang Valley, Malaysia were interviewed and their bone health status was assessed using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device. The algorithm was constructed based on osteoporosis risk factors using multivariate logistic regression and its performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristics analysis. Results: Increased age, reduced body weight and being less physically active significantly predicted osteoporosis in men, while in women, increased age, lower body weight and low-income status significantly predicted osteoporosis. These factors were included in the final algorithm and the optimal cut-offs to identify subjects with osteoporosis was 0.00120 for men [sensitivity 73.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 54.1%–87.7%), specificity 67.8% (95% CI = 62.7%–85.5%), area under curve (AUC) 0.705 (95% CI = 0.608–0.803), p < 0.001] and 0.161 for women [sensitivity 75.4% (95% CI = 61.9%–73.3%), specificity 74.5% (95% CI = 68.5%–79.8%), AUC 0.749 (95% CI = 0.679–0.820), p < 0.001]. Conclusion: The new algorithm performed satisfactorily in identifying the risk of osteoporosis among the Malaysian population ≥50 years. Further validation studies are required before applying this algorithm for screening of osteoporosis in public.

Pell Grant Versus Income Data in Postsecondary Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Ochs Rosinger ◽  
Karly S. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Pell Grant ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
Economic Diversity ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Income Data ◽  
Recent Policy

Given growing disparities in college enrollment by household income, policymakers and researchers often are interested in understanding whether policies expand access for low-income students. In this brief, we highlight the limitations of a commonly available measure of low-income status—whether students receive a federal Pell grant—and compare it to new data on enrollment by income quintile to evaluate a recent policy effort within elite colleges aimed at expanding access. We demonstrate that Pell is a rough measure of low-income status and that without more detailed data on colleges’ economic diversity, policy evaluations focusing on existing Pell data will suffer from measurement error and potentially miss enrollment effects for moderate- and high-income students.

State fragility and human development: a study with special emphasis on social cohesion

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-61
Author(s):  
Belay Seyoum
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State Fragility ◽  
State Legitimacy ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of state fragility on select indicators of human development and identify aspects of state fragility that have the greatest impact on poverty reduction and sustainable development. The paper also explores the impact of social cohesion on human development as well as the mediating role of state legitimacy in mediating the relationship between social cohesion and human development.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on data from 180 countries and uses ordinary least squares regression and mediation analysis to explore the effects of social cohesion on human development.FindingsThe findings show a significant relationship between state fragility and human development. It suggests that policies and efforts aimed at enhancing social cohesion would have the most significant impact on human development. The findings also show that social cohesion not only has a direct effect on human development but it also has an indirect effect on human development through state legitimacy (mediator).Practical implicationsEven though state fragility has been largely associated with low income countries, different facets of fragility are manifested in various countries regardless of levels of economic development.Originality/valueThe study is timely in view of the evidence of increasing state fragility in many countries. Furthermore, this is the first scholarly work linking lack of social cohesion, state fragility and human development.

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