scholarly journals In an Absolute State: Elevated Use of Absolutist Words Is a Marker Specific to Anxiety, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Mosaiwi ◽  
Tom Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Cognitive Distortion ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Linguistic Level ◽  
Cognitive Therapies ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Absolutist thinking is considered a cognitive distortion by most cognitive therapies for anxiety and depression. Yet, there is little empirical evidence of its prevalence or specificity. Across three studies, we conducted a text analysis of 63 Internet forums (over 6,400 members) using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software to examine absolutism at the linguistic level. We predicted and found that anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation forums contained more absolutist words than control forums ( ds > 3.14). Suicidal ideation forums also contained more absolutist words than anxiety and depression forums ( ds > 1.71). We show that these differences are more reflective of absolutist thinking than psychological distress. It is interesting that absolutist words tracked the severity of affective disorder forums more faithfully than negative emotion words. Finally, we found elevated levels of absolutist words in depression recovery forums. This suggests that absolutist thinking may be a vulnerability factor.

Emotion Word Use by Adolescents Who Stutter: An Exploratory Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Corrin G. Richels ◽  
Rogge Jessica
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Word Use ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Emotion Word ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Analyze Data

Purpose: Deficits in the ability to use emotion vocabulary may result in difficulties for adolescents who stutter (AWS) and may contribute to disfluencies and stuttering. In this project, we aimed to describe the emotion words used during conversational speech by AWS. Methods: Participants were 26 AWS between the ages of 12 years, 5 months and 15 years, 11 months-old (n=4 females, n=22 males). We drew personal narrative samples from the UCLASS database. We used Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software to analyze data samples for numbers of emotion words. Results: Results indicated that the AWS produced significantly higher numbers of emotion words with a positive valence. AWS tended to use the same few positive emotion words to the near exclusion of words with negative emotion valence. Conclusion: A lack of diversity in emotion vocabulary may make it difficult for AWS to engage in meaningful discourse about negative aspects of being a person who stutters

Suicidal Traits in Marilyn Monroe’s Fragments

Crisis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fernández-Cabana ◽  
A. García-Caballero ◽  
M. T. Alves-Pérez ◽  
M. J. García-García ◽  
R. Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
First Person ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Linguistic Categories

Background: Linguistic inquiry and word count (LIWC), a computerized method for text analysis, is often used to examine suicide writings in order to characterize the quantitative linguistic features of suicidal texts. Aims: To analyze texts compiled in Marilyn Monroe’s Fragments using LIWC, in order to explore the use of different linguistic categories in her narrative over the years. Method: Selected texts were grouped into four periods of similar word count and processed with LIWC. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to assess changes in language use across the documents over time. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare means between periods and for each of the 80 LIWC output scores. Results: Significant differences (p < .05) were found in 11 categories, the most relevant being a progressive decrease in the use of negative emotion words, a reduction in the use of long words in the third period, and an increase in the proportion of personal pronouns used as Monroe approached the time of her death. Conclusions: The consistently elevated usage of first-person personal singular pronouns and the consistently diminished usage of first-person personal plural pronouns are in line with previous studies linking this pattern with a low level of social integration, which has been related to suicide according to different theories.

Exploration Versus Self-control: A Linguistic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janak Judd
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Prevention Focus ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Written Descriptions

Research on regulatory focus has often used hopes versus duties to operationalize promotion and prevention focus, respectively. The current research examined regulatory focus in terms of exploration versus self-control to determine whether people tend to bring different types of experiences to mind when thinking about these experiences. I used Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software to analyze written descriptions of exploration and self-control and used t-tests to examine between-condition differences on word categories that participants used at least 0.5% of the time. Across two studies, descriptions of exploration had more positive emotional tone and used more insight words. In contrast, descriptions of self-control used more function words, more negative emotion words, including anger, more words about ingestion, and more words about power.

Ideology through sentiment analysis: A changing perspective on Russia and Islam in NYT

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Smirnova ◽  
Helena Laranetto ◽  
Nicholas Kolenda
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Media Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry

This article continues the line of research that combines the paradigm of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) with quantitative methods. We propose that Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC), a software for automated text analysis widely used in social sciences, can enrich the CDA toolkit. The methodological advantage of LIWC is that its semantic categorization was developed and validated independently, which addresses the concerns about subjectivity. In two case studies we use LIWC to analyze the construction and representation of the ‘Other’ in mass media. Study 1 focuses on the representation of Russia in The New York Times (NYT) before and after its annexation of Crimea; Study 2 analyzes the change in sentiment toward Islam in NYT before and after 9/11. We find that in both cases the change in attitude is driven by an increase in negative emotion words rather than by a decrease in positive words.

scholarly journals Identification of Emotional Expression With Cancer Survivors: Validation of Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count

10.2196/18246 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. e18246
Author(s):  
Michelle McDonnell ◽  
Jason Edward Owen ◽  
Erin O'Carroll Bantum
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Emotional Identification

Background Given the high volume of text-based communication such as email, Facebook, Twitter, and additional web-based and mobile apps, there are unique opportunities to use text to better understand underlying psychological constructs such as emotion. Emotion recognition in text is critical to commercial enterprises (eg, understanding the valence of customer reviews) and to current and emerging clinical applications (eg, as markers of clinical progress and risk of suicide), and the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) is a commonly used program. Objective Given the wide use of this program, the purpose of this study is to update previous validation results with two newer versions of LIWC. Methods Tests of proportions were conducted using the total number of emotion words identified by human coders for each emotional category as the reference group. In addition to tests of proportions, we calculated F scores to evaluate the accuracy of LIWC 2001, LIWC 2007, and LIWC 2015. Results Results indicate that LIWC 2001, LIWC 2007, and LIWC 2015 each demonstrate good sensitivity for identifying emotional expression, whereas LIWC 2007 and LIWC 2015 were significantly more sensitive than LIWC 2001 for identifying emotional expression and positive emotion; however, more recent versions of LIWC were also significantly more likely to overidentify emotional content than LIWC 2001. LIWC 2001 demonstrated significantly better precision (F score) for identifying overall emotion, negative emotion, and anxiety compared with LIWC 2007 and LIWC 2015. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that LIWC 2001 most accurately reflects the emotional identification of human coders.

scholarly journals Locked (Down) and Loaded (Language): Effect of Policy and Speech on COVID-19 Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 154805182110124
Author(s):  
Alexa J. Doerr
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
One Year ◽  
Time Away ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
At Home

Just over one year after COVID-19 reached the United States, the number of confirmed cases exceeds 26 million. The Centers for Disease Control has consistently recommended frequent handwashing, avoiding crowds, wearing masks, and staying home as much as possible to prevent the spread of the virus. Additionally, 42 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico issued stay-at-home orders in the spring of 2020. Length of stay-at-home orders varied and states have also diverged on policies that mandate masks in public places. Through the lens of signaling theory and the emotion as social information model, the current research sheds light on how governors' differing policies and communication have influenced COVID-19 behavior and outcomes. Governor press briefings between January 7, 2020, and January 1, 2021, were run through the linguistic inquiry and word count software. Results indicated that states with longer stay-at-home orders and a stronger mask mandate reported fewer COVID-19 cases. Furthermore, negative emotion in governor press briefings was related to fewer cases and this relationship was mediated by individuals spending less time away from home for an extended period (3–6 h). Practical implications and guidance for future public health messaging, including messaging aimed at bolstering vaccination efforts, are discussed.

scholarly journals Descending Bass Schemata and Negative Emotion in Western Song

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Nicholas Shea
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Behavioral Study ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Ecological Association ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
The Relationship

A descending bass line coordinated with sad lyrics is often described as evoking the "lament" topic—a signal to listeners that grief is being conveyed (Caplin, 2014). In human speech, a similar pattern of pitch declination occurs as air pressure is lost ('t Hart, Collier, & Cohen, 1990) which—coordinated with the premise that sad speech is lower in pitch (Lieberman & Michaels, 1962)—suggests there may be a cognitive-ecological association between descending bass lines and negative emotion more broadly. This study reexamines the relationship between descending bass lines and sadness in songs with lyrics. First, two contrasting repertoires were surveyed: 703 cantata movements by J. S. Bach and 740 popular music songs released ca. 1950–1990. Works featuring descending bass lines were identified and bass lines extracted by computationally parsing scores for bass or the lowest sounding musical line that descends incrementally by step. The corresponding lyrics were then analyzed using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (Pennebaker et al., 2015a, 2015b). Results were not consistent with the hypothesis that descending bass lines are associated with a general negative affect and thus also not specifically with sadness. In a follow-up behavioral study, popular music excerpts featuring a descending bass were evaluated for the features of sad sounds (Huron, Anderson, & Shanahan, 2014) by undergraduate musicians. Here, tempo and articulation, but not interval size as anticipated, were found to be the best predictors of songs with descending bass lines.

scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Growth and Identity Construction in Covid-19 Messages Delivered to the People of Ghana by President Nana Akuffo Addo

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Cynthia Logogye ◽  
Bernard Asafo-Duho ◽  
Joseph B.A. Afful
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
The People ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry

This work analyses post-traumatic growth in Covid-19 addresses delivered to the people of Ghana by President Nana Akuffo Addo. We draw on Post-Traumatic Growth Theory to explain how Akuffo Addo constructs a new identity for himself and the nation in order to navigate through the pandemic and forge an agenda of growth and prosperity for Ghana. The study employs a linguistic content analysis approach. The data consists of twenty different speeches from the president to the people. The speeches are first analysed and coded manually for the five main tenets of Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) identified in the updates. Consequently, the linguistic markers that are used in reconstructing the Ghanaian identity in response to the pandemic are delineated and mapped to the goals of the president using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count 2015 (LIWC2015; Pennebaker et al., 2015) software; a vocabulary analysis tool. The analysis showed that there was a high prevalence of personal pronoun use, use of positive-emotion words, and cognitive-processing words. This confirms our hypothesis that linguistic markers can be used to detect PTG.

scholarly journals Associations Between COVID-19 Symptoms and Psychological Distress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Wan Kim ◽  
Hee-Ju Kang ◽  
Min Jhon ◽  
Seunghyong Ryu ◽  
Ju-Yeon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Hospital isolation for COVID-19 may cause significant psychological stress. The association between COVID-19 symptoms and psychological symptoms has not been systematically studied. We investigated the effects of telephonic intervention on the relationship between psychological symptoms and COVID-19 symptoms at the time of hospitalization and 1 week later.Method: We screened 461 patients with COVID-19 for psychiatric symptoms from February 29, 2020, to January 3, 2021. In total, 461 patients were evaluated 2 days after admission, and 322 (69.8%) were followed 1 week later. To assess anxiety and depressive symptoms, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was administered to patients once per week. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and item 9 of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-9) were used weekly to assess insomnia and suicidal ideation.Results: Of 461 enrolled patients, we observed clinically meaningful psychological anxiety symptoms (in 75/16.3% of patients), depression (122/26.5%), insomnia (154/33.4%), and suicidal ideation (54/11.7%). Commonly reported COVID-19 symptoms are cough/sputum/sneezing (244, 52.9%), headache/dizziness (98, 21.3%), myalgia (113, 24.5%), and sore throat (89, 19.3%). Compared to baseline, significant improvements were found in anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation at 1 week. No significant group differences in ISI score were observed.Conclusions: COVID-19 symptoms at baseline had a significant and persistent negative impact on anxiety and depression at admission and at 1 week after hospitalization. Early intervention is essential to improve the outcomes of patients with mental illness.

Anxiety, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation amongst Patients with Facial Dermatoses (Acne, Rosacea, Perioral Dermatitis, and Folliculitis) in Lithuania

Dermatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 236 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lukaviciute ◽  
Ruta Ganceviciene ◽  
Petras Navickas ◽  
Alvydas Navickas ◽  
Jurate Grigaitiene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Acne Rosacea ◽  
Perioral Dermatitis ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background/Objective: Skin diseases, especially those with visible manifestation, are considered to cause a major influence on global mental health. Therefore, we determined the prevalence and severity of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation in a large sample of patients with facial dermatoses, namely acne, rosacea, folliculitis, and perioral dermatitis. Methods: The mental health of patients with facial dermatoses and respective controls was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and questions concerning suicidal ideation. Results: The study included 543 patients with facial dermatoses and 497 healthy individuals. Anxiety was present in 37.6% of the patients (14.9% of controls), depression in 21.7% (6.8%), and suicidal thoughts in 9.8% (3.2%) (p < 0.001). Acne patients demonstrated the highest anxiety and depression subscale scores (mean ± standard deviation: 7.1 ± 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.58–7.56; controls: 5 ± 0.23, 95% CI: 4.57–5.49). In rosacea 30% of the patients had depression symptoms (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 7.216, 95% CI: 4.122–12.632, p < 0.001), while in folliculitis patients 15.4% (OR: 3.138, 95% CI: 1.241–7.936, p = 0.016) had suicidal thoughts. Patients with anxiety symptoms and suicidal thoughts were on average younger than those without (28.3 ± 0.76 vs. 31.2 ± 0.66 years, p = 0.001 and 25.3 ± 0.98 vs. 30.5 ± 0.55 years, p = 0.007, respectively). Conclusion: Acne and rosacea are associated with anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation in Lithuanian patients. Younger patients are more prone to report such symptoms than older ones.

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