scholarly journals Trait Negative Affect Interacts With Ovarian Hormones to Predict Risk for Emotional Eating

2020 ◽  
pp. 216770262095153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Mikhail ◽  
Pamela K. Keel ◽  
S. Alexandra Burt ◽  
Cheryl L. Sisk ◽  
Michael Neale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Ovarian Hormone ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Trait ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Hormonal Milieu

Ovarian hormones significantly influence dysregulated eating in females. However, most women do not develop appreciable disordered eating, which suggests that ovarian hormones may not affect all women equally. We examined whether individual differences in trait negative affect (NA) moderate ovarian hormone–dysregulated eating associations in 446 women who provided saliva samples for hormone measurements and ratings of NA and emotional eating daily for 45 consecutive days. Women were at greatest risk for emotional eating when they had high trait NA and experienced a hormonal milieu characterized by low estradiol or high progesterone. Although effects were evident in all women, the combination of high trait NA and high progesterone was particularly risky for women with a history of clinically significant binge-eating episodes. These findings provide initial evidence that affective and hormonal risk interact to promote emotional eating and that effects may be amplified in women with clinically significant binge eating.

scholarly journals Stress as a potential moderator of ovarian hormone influences on binge eating in women

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Fowler ◽  
Phuong T. Vo ◽  
Cheryl L. Sisk ◽  
Kelly L. Klump
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Ovarian Hormone ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
As Stress

Previous research has demonstrated significant associations between increased levels of ovarian hormones and increased rates of binge eating (BE) in women. However, whereas all women experience fluctuations in ovarian hormones across the menstrual cycle, not all women binge eat in response to these fluctuations, suggesting that other factors must contribute. Stress is one potential contributing factor. Specifically, it may be that hormone-BE associations are stronger in women who experience high levels of stress, particularly as stress has been shown to be a precipitant to BE episodes in women. To date, no studies have directly examined stress as a moderator of hormone-BE associations, but indirect data (that is, associations between BE and stress and between ovarian hormones and stress) could provide initial clues about moderating effects. Given the above, the purpose of this narrative review was to evaluate these indirect data and their promise for understanding the role of stress in hormone-BE associations. Studies examining associations between all three phenotypes (that is, ovarian hormones, stress, and BE) in animals and humans were reviewed to provide the most thorough and up-to-date review of the literature on the potential moderating effects of stress on ovarian hormone–BE associations. Overall, current evidence suggests that associations between hormones and BE may be stronger in women with high stress levels, possibly via altered hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response to stress and increased sensitivity to and altered effects of ovarian hormones during stress. Additional studies are necessary to directly examine stress as a moderator of ovarian hormone–BE associations and identify the mechanisms underlying these effects.

scholarly journals Polygenic Score for Body Mass Index Is Associated with Disordered Eating in a General Population Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdulkadir ◽  
Moritz Herle ◽  
Bianca L. De Stavola ◽  
Christopher Hübel ◽  
Diana L. Santos Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Polygenic Scores

Background: Disordered eating (DE) is common and is associated with body mass index (BMI). We investigated whether genetic variants for BMI were associated with DE. Methods: BMI polygenic scores (PGS) were calculated for participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; N = 8654) and their association with DE tested. Data on DE behaviors (e.g., binge eating and compensatory behaviors) were collected at ages 14, 16, 18 years, and DE cognitions (e.g., body dissatisfaction) at 14 years. Mediation analyses determined whether BMI mediated the association between the BMI-PGS and DE. Results: The BMI-PGS was positively associated with fasting (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.25, 1.61), binge eating (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.12, 1.46), purging (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.42), body dissatisfaction (Beta = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.77, 1.22), restrained eating (Beta = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.10, 1.17), emotional eating (Beta = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.052, 0.38), and negatively associated with thin ideal internalization (Beta = −0.15, 95% CI = −0.23, −0.07) and external eating (Beta = −0.19, 95% CI = −0.30, −0.09). These associations were mainly mediated by BMI. Conclusions: Genetic variants associated with BMI are also associated with DE. This association was mediated through BMI suggesting that weight potentially sits on the pathway from genetic liability to DE.

Psychological assessment of candidates for bariatric surgery

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Davies
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Clinical Excellence ◽  
Compulsive Eating ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

AbstractObjectives: National Institute of Clinical Excellence guidelines indicate that pre-surgical assessment of patients wishing to undergo bariatric surgery should include consideration of psychological factors. This paper describes the psychological characteristics of a cohort of 59 patients.Method: Patients were interviewed and completed the following psychometric assessments: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Dieting Belief Scale, the Binge Eating Scale, the Emotional Eating Scale, the Generalised Self Efficacy Scale, and the Social Support Questionnaire.Results: High levels of psychological distress and binge eating were reported. Men more commonly reported a history of alcohol misuse. There was evidence to suggest that psychological distress predated obesity in the majority of cases.Conclusion: Compulsive eating leading to obesity appears to be both a consequence and a cause of psychological distress. Replacing compulsive eating represents a major post-surgical challenge in the majority of cases. Psychological assessment and follow-up should be offered to each patient.

scholarly journals Ovarian hormones and binge eating: exploring associations in community samples

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1749-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Klump ◽  
P. K. Keel ◽  
K. M. Culbert ◽  
C. Edler
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Continuous Measures

BackgroundSignificant associations between changes in ovarian hormones and binge eating are present across the menstrual cycle in women with bulimia nervosa. However, no study has examined these relationships in a non-clinical sample, despite the need for these data for designing risk-factor studies.MethodIn study 1, we modified several continuous measures of binge eating and identified those that were most sensitive to menstrual-cycle fluctuations in a non-clinical sample of 10 women who completed measures for 35 days. In study 2, we explored associations between ovarian hormones and binge-eating scores in nine women who completed these same measures for 65 days and provided daily saliva samples for assays of estradiol and progesterone concentrations.ResultsIn study 1, the Emotional Eating subscale of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire exhibited superior reliability and was most sensitive to predicted menstrual-cycle changes in binge eating (i.e. increased scores in the mid-luteal/premenstrual compared with follicular/ovulatory phases). In study 2, this scale showed predicted inverse associations with estradiol and positive associations with progesterone across the menstrual cycle that could not be accounted for by changes in negative affect.ConclusionAssociations between ovarian hormones and binge eating are robust and present in clinical and non-clinical samples. Findings support the ability to examine the role of ovarian hormones as risk factors for binge eating in large-scale prospective studies and twin studies.

scholarly journals Polygenic score for body mass index is associated with disordered eating in a general population cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdulkadir ◽  
Moritz Herle ◽  
Bianca De Stavola ◽  
Christopher Hübel ◽  
Diana Santos Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Polygenic Scores

AbstractBackgroundDisordered eating (DE) is common and is associated with body mass index (BMI). We aimed to investigate if genetic variants for BMI were associated with DE.MethodsBMI polygenic scores (PGS) were calculated for participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; N= 8,654) and their association with DE tested. Data on DE behaviors (e.g. binge eating, and compensatory behaviors) were collected at ages 14, 16, 18 years, and DE cognitions (e.g. body dissatisfaction) at 14 years. Mediation analyses determined whether BMI mediated the association between the BMI-PGS and DE.ResultsThe BMI-PGS was positively associated with fasting (OR= 1.42, 95% CI=1.25, 1.61), binge eating (OR=1.28, 95% CI= 1.12, 1.46), purging (OR= 1.20, 95% CI= 1.02, 1.42), body dissatisfaction (Beta= 0.99, 95% CI= 0.77, 1.22), restrained eating (Beta=0.14, 95% CI= 0.10, 1.17), emotional eating (Beta= 0.21, 95% CI= 0.052, 0.38), and negatively associated with thin ideal internalization (Beta= −0.15, 95% CI= −0.23, −0.07) and external eating (Beta= −0.19, 95% CI= −0.30, −0.09). These associations were mainly mediated by BMI.ConclusionsGenetic variants associated with BMI are also associated with DE. This association was mediated through BMI suggesting that weight potentially sits on the pathway from genetic liability to DE.

An unusual presentation of epigastric pain due to thrombophlebitis of a recanalised umbilical vein – case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 326-327 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Introduction: The umbilical vein can become recanalised due to portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis but the condition is rarely clinically significant. Although bleeding from this enlarged vein is a known complication, the finding of thrombophlebitis has not been previously described. Case report: We report the case of a 62-year-old male with a history of liver cirrhosis due to alcoholic liver disease presenting to hospital with epigastric pain. A CT scan of the patient’s abdomen revealed a thrombus with surrounding inflammatory changes in a recanalised umbilical vein. The patient was managed conservatively and was discharged home the following day. Conclusion: Thrombophlebitis of a recanalised umbilical vein is a rare cause of abdominal pain in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Premature Adrenarche and its Association with Cardiovascular Risk in Females

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (43) ◽  
pp. 5609-5616
Author(s):  
Sarantis Livadas ◽  
Christina Bothou ◽  
Djuro Macut
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Adrenal Androgen ◽  
Premature Adrenarche ◽  
Adrenal Hyperandrogenism ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hormonal Milieu ◽  
The Impact

Early activation of the adrenal zona reticularis, leading to adrenal androgen secretion, mainly dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), is called premature adrenarche (PA). The fact that adrenal hyperandrogenism in females has been linked to a cluster of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, even in prepubertal children, warrants investigation. Controversial results have been obtained in this field, probably due to genetic, constitutional, and environmental factors or differences in the characteristics of participants. In an attempt to understand, in depth, the impact of PA as a potential activator of CV risk, we critically present available data stratified according to pubertal status. It seems that prepubertally, CV risk is increased in these girls, but is somewhat attenuated during their second decade of life. Furthermore, different entities associated with PA, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, heterozygosity of CYP21A2 mutations, and the impact of DHEAS on CV risk, are reviewed. At present, firm and definitive conclusions cannot be drawn. However, it may be speculated that girls with a history of PA display a hyperandrogenic hormonal milieu that may lead to increased CV risk. Accordingly, appropriate long-term follow-up and early intervention employing a patient-oriented approach are recommended.

Do Deeper Levels of Cervical Biopsies Preceded by a Pap Smear Diagnosis of LSIL, ASCUS, or NILM/HPV+ Increase the Yield of Identifying Clinically Significant Lesions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S163-S164
Author(s):  
K G Manjee ◽  
W G Watkin
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Past History ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Cervical Biopsy ◽  
P16 Immunohistochemistry ◽  
Hpv Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Introduction/Objective Cervical biopsy is performed following an abnormal pap smear or positive HPV testing in an attempt to uncover clinically significant lesions [HSIL/invasive carcinoma (HSIL+)]. An excisional procedure is considered if biopsy confirms HSIL+. When preceded by pap smear of LSIL, ASCUS, NILM/HPV+ or persistent HPV, continued surveillance is recommended for biopsies showing no SIL or LSIL. In our laboratory, cervical biopsies are routinely sectioned at 3 levels. Deeper levels are often ordered when initial sections are non-diagnostic. p16 immunohistochemistry, with or without deeper levels, is often ordered to confirm HSIL, or to differentiate HSIL from mimics. In this study, we examine whether and in what clinical situations does obtaining additional levels uncover clinically significant lesions. Methods 430 cervical biopsies between January-May 2018, with recent cytology of LSIL, ASCUS or NILM/HPV+ were identified in the pathology database. HPV status (if known), final biopsy diagnosis and past history of LSIL/HSIL were recorded. For each biopsy, orders for additional levels and/or p16 immunohistochemistry were recorded resulting in 4 categories: C1-no additional levels or p16, C2-deeper only, C3-deeper+p16 and C4-p16 only. Final diagnoses were divided into HSIL+, LSIL and no SIL. Results There was no significant difference in prior history of LSIL/HSIL and HPV status between all categories. Biopsy results were as follows: HSIL+: 11/222 (5%) C1; 1/78 (1%) C2; 7/43 (16%) C3; 15/87 (17%) C4 LSIL: 91/222 (41%) C1; 7/78 (9%) C2; 16/43 (37%) C3; 35/87 (40%) C4 No SIL: 120/222 (54%) C1; 70/78 (90%) C2; 20/43 (46%) C3; 37/87 (42%) C4 The average number of additional levels in C2 and C3 was 3.8 and 1.8, respectively. Conclusion Deeper levels alone did not enhance the detection of HSIL+. Almost all LSIL/HSIL were detected when initial levels were diagnostic or suspicious and supported by p16 immunohistochemistry. 3 levels are adequate to detect clinically significant lesions.

scholarly journals Tophaceous gout of the atlantoaxial joint: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Benjamin Romero ◽  
Evan Paul Johnson ◽  
John S. Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Atlantoaxial Joint ◽  
Tophaceous Gout ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
European League Against Rheumatism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract Background To report the occurrence of tophaceous gout in the cervical spine and to review the literature on spinal gout. Case presentation This report details the occurrence of a large and clinically significant finding of tophaceous gout in the atlantoaxial joint of the cervical spine in an 82-year-old Caucasian man with a 40-year history of crystal-proven gout and a 3-month history of new-onset progressive myelopathy. The patient's American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) criteria score was 15.0. Conclusion Spinal gout is more common than previously thought, and it should be considered in patients who present with symptoms of myelopathy. Diagnosis can be made without a tissue sample of the affected joint(s) with tools like the ACR/EULAR criteria and the use of the “diagnostic clinical rule” for determining the likelihood of gout. Early conservative management with neck immobilization and medical management can avoid the need for surgical intervention.

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