The Formation of the Single European Market and the Economic Activities of Non-European Firms: A Case of Japanese Automotive Industry in Europe

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-244
Author(s):  
Jae Hoon Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
European Market ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Specific Instance ◽  
Bilateral Relationship ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
Strategic Reactions ◽  
The Eu

This article investigates the development of the Single European Market and its effects on the activities of non-European firms with particular reference to the specific instance of the Japanese automotive industry in trading experience with the EU. This study argues the likely bilateral relationship between institutional development of the EU and possible external consequences on non-European multinational firms that strategic reactions agitated by the perception of trade prospects might affect firms to engage in off-shore transplants to acquire export-platform for the existing markets previously served. In addition, transplants without appropriate localization could result in the issue of local content while firms within the region might be able to experience market presence effects.

Part I Rationales for State Aid Rules, 2 Evolution of Aid in the EU: Classifying Different Types of Countries, and the Financial and Economic Crisis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kreuschitz Viktor ◽  
Nehl Hanns Peter
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Aggregate Data ◽  
European Market ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the evolution of (non-crisis) aid in the EU-27 since 1992, which serves as a basis to assess the similarities and differences between the practices of granting aid in EU Member States. Aggregate data for the EU-27 as a whole suggests that Member States have given a smaller percentage of their GDP as aid over time, which might be regarded as reflective of the view that they are accepting the need for its reduction and its control in the single European market. While declining in the first half of the 1990s, aid levels peaked in 1997, only to be reduced by 1999. This can be explained based on the new regulations that were pursued during the time period, which resulted in broader definitions by the Commission and tighter control.

19. The Single Market

2020 ◽  
pp. 360-378
Author(s):  
Simon Bulmer ◽  
Owen Parker ◽  
Ian Bache ◽  
Stephen George ◽  
Charlotte Burns
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Single Market ◽  
European Market ◽  
Market Policy ◽  
The Core ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
Recent Policy ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the European Union’s (EU’s) original decision to create a single market and the moves to complete the internal market—what became known as the single market programme—in the 1980s. The economic ideal of a common or single European market lies at the core of the EU. The decision to institute a drive to achieve a single internal market by the end of 1992 played a key role in the revival of European integration. The chapter first traces the development of internal market policy before discussing the record of implementation beyond 1992. It then considers recent policy developments in relation to the single market in the context of the Barroso (2005–14) and Juncker (2014–19) Commission presidencies. It also reviews the academic literature on the single market, focusing on the main explanations for its development and some key ideological or normative perspectives on its consequences, including political economy critiques.

Growth and Competitiveness

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
André Sapir
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Market ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Eu

After two prosperous decades, the European Union suffered a serious setback in the late 1970s and early 1980s, with sluggish growth and weak competitiveness in high-tech sectors compared to the USA and Japan. The creation of the single European market in 1993 was a major boost to growth and competitiveness in Europe. Yet, today, even abstracting from the coronavirus crisis, the European Union again faces some economic troubles. Growth has been subdued for a while and the EU is suffering yet again from weak competitiveness in high-tech sectors compared to the USA and to China, which has replaced Japan as the main Asian powerhouse. At the same time, however, the geopolitical situation has changed dramatically. In the earlier days, the world was divided between East and West, and all three main economic powers, the EU, Japan, and the USA, were in the same political camp. Their rivalry was therefore purely economic. Today, there are political dividing lines between the three main economic powers. The EU’s competitiveness problem vis-à-vis China and the USA in some key technologies is therefore not just economic but also geopolitical. Yet, the European Union remains largely an economic entity, though it has started to think and even to act geopolitically. The obvious question is whether Europe will be able to repeat its achievement of nearly 30 years ago and come up with a new design that will boost its growth and competitiveness in this new geopolitical era, or whether this quest will prove elusory.

Die steuerliche Integration des Europäischen Binnenmarktes durch Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Billau
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
European Market ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Double Taxation ◽  
The Core ◽  
European Single Market ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms ◽  
The Eu

The author offers a way to eliminate harmful double taxation within the Single European Market. Although the Single European Market has been the central core of the European unification, its completion has yet to be achieved. Particularly, double taxation between the Member States of the EU is an enduring problem without any viable solution in sight. The ECJ holds in settled case law that the fundamental freedoms comprise no ban of genuine juridical double taxation. The author examines art. 293 2nd dent EC as a possible solution. This article opens the instruments of international tax law for purposes of European tax law. The analysis concludes that the article comprises a commitment to eliminate double taxation within the European Single Market by using double tax treaties. The core of this article is drafted into a directive, transferring the analysis into current law. The author is a lawyer and a certified tax advisor in Stuttgart, Germany.

scholarly journals Gender, violence and Brexit

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Sylvia Walby
Keyword(s):  
Gender Violence ◽  
European Market ◽  
Gendered Violence ◽  
European Area ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
Gender Regimes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

What would be the implications of Brexit for gender, for violence, and for gendered violence? While most attention on Brexit has concerned the economy, and the relationship of the UK to the Single European Market, this article focuses on violence, and the relationship of the UK to the European Area of Freedom, Justice and Security. Brexit potentially restructures the balance of multiple polities, including the UK and EU, and their capacities and powers to govern. This potentially has implications for gender relations, insofar as gender is governed by the EU rather than the UK, for violence, insofar as violence is governed by the EU rather than the UK, and for gendered violence, at the intersection of these processes. The article addresses the likely outcomes of different forms of Brexit (from hard to soft) by analysing the significance of the UK and the EU in governing gender and governing violence. This includes engagement with the theories of gender regimes and the theories of violence, and the significance of different forms of governance in shaping gender and violence. The article concludes that the detrimental implications of socio-legal changes that would be consequent on Brexit for the rate of gendered violence are underestimated.

scholarly journals Poland in the single European market—changes in the similarity of import and export structures in comparison with the EU-10 countries in 2004–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Edward Molendowski ◽  
Wojciech Polan
Keyword(s):  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Single Market ◽  
European Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eastern Enlargement ◽  
Member States ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
The Eu

Abstract It is a common knowledge that the eastern enlargement of the European Union (EU) was an extremely important undertaking for both the New Member States (EU-10) and the “old Union” countries (EU-15). One of the most important effects was significant acceleration of the development of mutual trade links, including changes in their commodity structure. In the study presented in this article, we attempted to verify the hypothesis whether, as a consequence of the eastern enlargement, the EU-10 and EU-15 markets were increasingly treated by the exporters and importers from Poland as a single market. In analyzing changes in the similarity of import and export structures, we calculated “Euclidean distance” (in 2004–2017), the measure based on absolute differences of individual structure indices. We compared the results for Poland with the other New Member States operating on the single European market. We found that for more than a dozen years Polish exporters and importers have contributed to the increasing similarity of the structures of their respective countries’ trade and the EU patterns mostly shaped by the EU-15. The results reflect the ongoing unification of the foreign trade system and its arrangement toward the recognition of both areas as a single market.

20. The Single Market

2014 ◽  
pp. 367-384
Author(s):  
Ian Bache ◽  
Simon Bulmer ◽  
Stephen George ◽  
Owen Parker
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Single Market ◽  
European Market ◽  
Eurozone Crisis ◽  
Market Policy ◽  
The Core ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
Recent Policy ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the European Union’s original decision to create a single market and the moves to complete the internal market — what became known as the single market programme — in the 1980s. The economic ideal of a common or single European market lies at the core of the EU. The decision to institute a drive to achieve a single internal market by the end of 1992 played a key role in the revival of European integration. The chapter first traces the development of internal-market policy before discussing the record of implementation beyond 1992. It then considers recent policy developments in relation to the single market in the context of the eurozone crisis which began in 2009. It also reviews the academic literature on the single market, focusing on the main explanations for its development and some key ideological or normative perspectives on its consequences.

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