Facial Fractures: Associated Injuries and Complications

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
J Grant Thomson ◽  
Harvey C Brown ◽  
Rea A Brown ◽  
David M Fleiszer
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Associated Injuries ◽  
Seat Belts ◽  
Facial Fractures ◽  
Facial Fracture ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Trauma Score

JG Thomson, HC Brown, RA Brown, DM Fleiszer. Facial fractures: Associated injuries and complications. Can J Plast Surg 1994;1(4):160-165. The forces necessary to produce a facial fracture are often high enough to cause other severe, life-threatening injuries. Despite this knowledge, little is known about the frequency or nature of these injuries. A retrospective chart review was performed on 162 facial fracture patients for associated injuries and complications. These patients were divided into high velocity (n=95) and low-velocity (n=67) groups based on the mechanism of injury, and were compared with a group of 346 multiple trauma patients who did not sustain any facial fracture. Those patients involved in high-velocity accidents had a significantly higher proportion of multiple facial fractures (40%), presence of associated injury (84%), complication rate (38%), mortality rate (9.5%), mean hospital stay (45 days), and mean trauma score (20.1±1.3) when compared with patients in low-velocity accidents (10%, 12%, 10%, 4.3 days and 4.7±0.6, respectively). Although high-G facial bone fractures were more frequent in high-velocity accidents, high-G fractures were not an independent indicator of the severity of injury as measured by the trauma score. The most significant indicator of severity of injury was the mechanism of injury. Pulmonary (15%), cerebral (11 %), septic (7%), abdominal (7%) and cardiac (2%) complications after high-velocity injuries were more frequent than previously reported. Although cervical spine injury has traditionally been associated with facial fractures, the results of this study demonstrated that spinal injury can occur at any vertebral level, and was equal in frequency in patients with and without facial fractures. Statistical analysis of occupant restraint revealed that there was no significant difference between the numbers of patients wearing their seat belts (11) and those not using them (12), the proportions with high-G, low-G, or multiple facial fractures, the incidence of head injury or other associated injuries, the trauma score, and the times spent in the surgical intensive care unit and hospital. Although the lack of significance is probably attributable to the low documentation of seat belt use, the question of the efficacy of seat belts in preventing facial fractures and associated injuries is raised. Patients with facial fractures had a significantly higher mean trauma score (27.9±1.4) and incidence of head injury (54%) compared with patients without facial fractures (23.2±0.7 and 11%, respectively). The surgical treatment of this group of facial fracture patients was analyzed.

Associated Injuries Related to Patients With Facial Fractures

2022 ◽  
pp. 194338752110690
Author(s):  
Rajarshi Ghosh ◽  
Kulandaswamy Gopalkrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Clavicle Fracture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Associated Injuries ◽  
Facial Fractures ◽  
Facial Fracture ◽  
Fracture Management ◽  
Type Of Injury ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Purpose To find out the incidence, type, and severity of injuries in other parts of the body in patients diagnosed with facial fractures. The study also analyzed any correlation between these injuries and facial fractures. Material & Methods A retrospective study of 991 patients with facial fractures during the period of 2006-2016. Results 111 patients reported associated injuries (11.1%). The most common type of injury was limb injury (33.33%), followed by head injury (22.5%), clavicle fracture (14.7%), rib fracture (10.9%), cervical spine injury (5.4%), and other injuries constituted (13.2%). Multiple associated injuries were observed in 14% of patients. Conclusion The findings show that facial fracture management is a multidisciplinary approach. Prompt diagnosis and proper management are important to reduce the mortality rate and improve the prognosis of the patient.

scholarly journals Head Injuries, A Forensic Overview

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
M Emdadur Rahman ◽  
M Enamul Haque ◽  
Md Monsur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Blunt Force ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Direct Violence ◽  
Skull Bones

The incidence of head injuries is growing with greater mechanization in industry and an increase in high velocity transport. The injuries could be caused by a penetrating or blunt force either by direct violence or indirectly, such as a fall on the feet or buttocks. There is no direct relation to the severity of injury to skull bones and extent of cerebral disorder.We is reporting two cases of head injury from forensic point of view. TAJ 2010; 23(1): 98-102

Injury Patterns in Pediatric Facial Fractures Unique to an Urban Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Sclafani ◽  
Matthew Scott Sclafani ◽  
Sallie Long ◽  
Tasher Losenegger ◽  
Daniel Spielman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Facial Trauma ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Associated Injuries ◽  
Facial Fractures

AbstractThis study aimed to define better the clinical presentation, fracture patterns, and features predictive of associated injuries and need for surgery in pediatric facial trauma patients in an urban setting. Charts of patients 18 years or younger with International Classification of Disease 9th and 10th revision (ICD-9/ICD-10) codes specific for facial fractures (excluding isolated nasal fractures) at NY-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center between 2008 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Of 204 patients, most were referred to the emergency department by a physician's office or self-presented. Children (age 0–6 years) were most likely to have been injured by falls, while more patients 7 to 12 years and 13 to 18 years were injured during sporting activities (p < 0.0001). Roughly half (50.5%) of the patients had a single fracture, and the likelihood of surgery increased with greater numbers of fractures. Older patients with either orbital or mandibular fractures were more likely to undergo surgery than younger ones (p = 0.0048 and p = 0.0053, respectively). Cranial bone fractures, CSF leaks, and intracranial injuries were more common in younger patients (p < 0.0001) than older patients and were more likely after high energy injuries; however, 16.2% of patients sustaining low energy injuries also sustained cranial bone, CSF leak, or intracranial injury. In an urban environment, significant pediatric facial fractures and associated injuries may occur after nonclassic low kinetic energy traumatic events. The age of the patient impacts both the injuries sustained and the treatment rendered. It is essential to maintain a high index of suspicion for associated injuries in all pediatric facial trauma patients.

scholarly journals Facial fractures and associated injuries in high- versus low-energy trauma: all are not created equal

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron St. Hilaire ◽  
Arianne Johnson ◽  
Caitlin Loseth ◽  
Hamid Alipour ◽  
Nick Faunce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Energy ◽  
Associated Injuries ◽  
Facial Fractures

Detection of effort maximality in adults performing isokinetic wrist flexion and extension

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mercè Torra ◽  
Eduard Pujol ◽  
Anna Maiques ◽  
Salvador Quintana ◽  
Roser Garreta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Wrist Extensor ◽  
Submaximal Effort ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Maximal Effort ◽  
Flexion And Extension

BACKGROUND: The difference between isokinetic eccentric to concentric strength ratios at high and low velocities (DEC) is a powerful tool for identifying submaximal effort in other muscle groups but its efficiency in terms of the wrist extensors (WE) and flexors (WF) isokinetic effort has hitherto not been studied. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study is to examine the usefulness of the DEC for identifying suboptimal wrist extensor and flexor isokinetic efforts. METHODS: Twenty healthy male volunteers aged 20–40 years (28.5 ± 3.2) were recruited. Participants were instructed to exert maximal and feigned efforts, using a range of motion of 20∘ in concentric (C) and eccentric (E) WE and WF modes at two velocities: 10 and 40∘/s. E/C ratios (E/CR) where then calculated and finally DEC by subtracting low velocity E/CR from high velocity ones. RESULTS: Feigned maximal effort DEC values were significantly higher than their maximal effort counterparts, both for WF and WE. For both actions, a DEC cutoff level to detect submaximal effort could be defined. The sensitivity of the DEC was 71.43% and 62.5% for WE ad WF respectively. The specificity was 100% in both cases. CONCLUSION: The DEC may be a valuable parameter for detecting feigned maximal WF and WE isokinetic effort in healthy adults.

A Nationwide Study of Skiing and Snowboarding-Related Facial Trauma

2021 ◽  
pp. 194338752199723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Sorenson ◽  
Vedant Borad ◽  
Warren Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Facial Trauma ◽  
Facial Fractures ◽  
Facial Fracture ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Weighted Estimates ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
The Us

Study Design: Retrospective descriptive observational study. Purpose: Skiing and snowboarding offers valuable opportunities for outdoor physical activity throughout the cold winter months, but these activities can result in substantial personally injury. This study aimed to analyze trends in skiing and snowboarding-related facial trauma epidemiology. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried for facial trauma related to skiing and snowboarding treated in United States (US) emergency departments between 2010 and 2019. These data and weighted estimates were used to analyze patient demographics, injury location, and etiology. Results: A total of 361 skiing or snowboarding-related facial injuries were recorded. Lacerations were most common injury (165/361; 45.7%), and facial fractures occurred in 21.6% (78/261) of patients. The most common facial fracture locations are the nose (38/78; 48.7%), orbit (17/78; 21.8%), and mandible (15/78; 19.2%). Pediatric patients accounted for 52% (187/361) of these injuries and had higher rates of lacerations (51.9% vs 39.1%, P < 0.05) and hospital admission (4.8% vs 1.15%, P < 0.05) than adults. Adults had a higher rate of facial fracture (30% vs 13.9%, P < 0.001) than children. Conclusions: Skiing and snowboarding-related facial trauma is relatively uncommon in the US. In general, these injuries are largely decreasing, but facial fractures still occur not infrequently during these activities. Based on our data, we strongly urge helmet manufacturers to increase the availability of recreational snowsport helmets that include nose, orbit, and mandible protections, which could help to prevent many of these injuries.

scholarly journals Studying the Depth Structure of the Kyrgyz Tien Shan by Using the Seismic Tomography and Magnetotelluric Sounding Methods

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Irina Medved ◽  
Elena Bataleva ◽  
Michael Buslov
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Tomography ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Magnetotelluric Sounding ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Low Resistivity ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Fluid Saturation

This paper presents new results of detailed seismic tomography (ST) on the deep structure beneath the Middle Tien Shan to a depth of 60 km. For a better understanding of the detected heterogeneities, the obtained velocity models were compared with the results of magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) along the Kekemeren and Naryn profiles, running parallel to the 74 and 76 meridians, respectively. We found that in the study region the velocity characteristics and geoelectric properties correlate with each other. The high-velocity high-resistivity anomalies correspond to the parts of the Tarim and Kazakhstan-Junggar plates submerged under the Tien Shan. We revealed that the structure of the Middle Tien Shan crust is conditioned by the presence of the Central Tien Shan microcontinent. It manifests itself as two anomalies lying one below the other: the lower low-velocity low-resistivity anomaly, and the upper high-velocity high-resistivity anomaly. The fault zones, limiting the Central Tien Shan microcontinent, appear as low-velocity low-resistivity anomalies. The obtained features indicate the fluid saturation of the fault zones. According to the revealed features of the Central Tien Shan geological structure, it is assumed that the lower-crustal low-velocity layer can play a significant role in the delamination of the mantle part of the submerged plates.

scholarly journals Study of Traumatic Brain Injury Due To Recent Earthquake in Manipal Teaching Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Bal G Karmacharya ◽  
Brijesh Sathian
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mild Head Injury ◽  
Associated Injuries

The objective of this study was to review the demographics, causes injury, severity, treatment and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in victims of the April 2015 earthquake who were admitted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. A total of 37 patients was admitted under Neurosurgery Services. Collapse of buildings was the commonest cause of head injury. The majority of them had mild head injury. Associated injuries to other parts of the body were present in 40.54% patients.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:63-66, 2015

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