scholarly journals Reliability of Two-Dimensional Video-Based Analysis in Adolescent Runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0007
Author(s):  
Yukiko Matsuzaki ◽  
Madison R. Heath ◽  
Julianne M. Khan ◽  
Elad Spitzer ◽  
Peter D. Fabricant
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Step Width ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Adolescent Population

Background: Running analysis is an essential component of evaluation of both injured runners and uninjured runners seeking advice on injury prevention. Reliability of two-dimensional (2D) video analysis has been reported in the adult running population. However, these findings may not apply to youth runners given their unique state during growth and development. The reliability of quantitative and qualitative video-based running gait analysis in the adolescent population is unknown. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of sagittal and frontal plane kinematics using 2D video analysis in healthy adolescent runners. Methods: High-definition videos were recorded of 10 healthy runners between 14-18 years old running on a treadmill at self-selected speed with markers attached to the thoracic spine, pelvis, and lower extremities. Kinematic variables in the sagittal and frontal planes were measured using Dartfish Motion Analysis Software™ (Fribourg, Switzerland) by three raters. Intra- and inter-rater reliability were calculated using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs). Results: Of the 10 runners, 4 (40%) were male and the mean age was 16 ± 1.5 years. The intra-rater ICC for all kinematic variables ranged from 0.574 to 0.999 for the primary sports physical therapist, and 0.367 to 0.973 for the inexperienced research assistant. The inter-rater ICC for all raters ranged from -0.01 to 0.941. Eleven kinematic variables showed substantial agreement and 4 showed almost perfect agreement. Step width and foot progression showed fair and poor agreement, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that a 2D video-based running analysis can be reliably performed in an adolescent population on all kinematic variables except for step width and foot progression. Inexperienced raters can be properly trained in the video analysis of running kinematics using Dartfish Software in order to consistently assess the same runner. [Table: see text][Table: see text]

scholarly journals Reliability of two-dimensional measures associated with bilateral drop-landing performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Louis Howe ◽  
Theodoros M. Bampouras ◽  
Jamie S. North ◽  
Mark Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Drop Landing ◽  
Joint Displacement ◽  
Drop Landings ◽  
Absolute Reliability

The aim of this study was to establish the within-session reliability for two-dimensional (2D) video analysis of sagittal- and frontal-plane measures during bilateral drop-landing tasks. Thirty-nine recreational athletes (22 men, 17 women, age = 22 ± 4 years, height = 1.74 ± 0.15 m, body mass 70.2 ± 15.1 kg) performed five bilateral drop-landings from 50, 100 and 150% of maximum countermovement jump height, twice on the same day. Measures of reliability for initial contact angle, peak flexion angle and joint displacement for the hip, knee, and ankle joints, frontal-plane projection angles (FPPA), as well as inter-limb asymmetries in joint displacement were assessed. No systematic bias was present between trials (P>0.05). All kinematic measurements showed relative reliability ranging from large to near perfect (ICC = 0.52–0.96). Absolute reliability ranged between measures, with CV% between 1.0–1.6% for initial contact angles, 1.9–7.9% for peak flexion angles, 5.3–22.4% for joint displacement, and 1.6–2.3% for FPPA. Absolute reliability for inter-limb asymmetries in joint displacement were highly variable, with minimal detectable change values ranging from 6.0–13.2°. Therefore, 2D video analysis is a reliable tool for numerous measures related to the performance of bilateral drop-landings.

scholarly journals Intra and Inter-rater Reliability between Ultrasound Imaging and Caliper Measures to determine Spring Ligament Dimensions in Cadavers

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Santiago-Nuño ◽  
Patricia Palomo-López ◽  
Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo ◽  
César Calvo-Lobo ◽  
Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Absolute Accuracy ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Spring Ligament ◽  
Good Repeatability

Abstract The purpose was to evaluate intra and inter-rater reliability, repeatability and absolute accuracy between ultrasound imaging (US) and caliper measures to determine Spring ligament (SL) dimensions in cadavers. SLs were identified from 62 human feet from formaldehyde-embalmed cadavers. Intra and inter-observer reliability, repeatability and absolute accuracy of SL width, thickness and length between US and caliper measurements were determined at intra and inter-session by intraclass correlation coefficients, Pearson´s correlation coefficients, Student t tests, standard errors of measurement, minimum detectable changes, values of normality, 95% limits of agreement, and Bland-Altman plots. Excellent inter-session and inter-rater reliability, adequate absolute accuracy, almost perfect agreement and strong correlations were shown for caliper, US and their comparison for all SL dimensions. US measurements presented higher absolute accuracy than caliper measures for SL length and thickness dimensions, while caliper displayed greater absolute accuracy for SL width dimensions. Good repeatability (P > 0.05) was shown for all SL dimensions by US, caliper and their comparison, except for SL width dimension measured with US (P = 0.019). Both US and caliper could be recommended for all SL dimensions evaluation due to their excellent reliability and absolute accuracy in cadavers, although width dimensions should be considered with caution due to US repeatability differences.

scholarly journals Reliability of radiographic measurements of knee motion following knee arthroplasty for use in a virtual knee clinic

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Phillips ◽  
A Goubran ◽  
S Naim ◽  
D Searle ◽  
V Mandalia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Radiographic Measurement ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Active Flexion ◽  
Radiographic Measurements ◽  
Set Up

INTRODUCTION We sought to validate radiographic measurements of range of motion of the knee after arthroplasty as part of a new system of virtual clinics. METHODS The range of motion of 52 knees in 45 patients was obtained by 2 clinicians using standardised techniques and goniometers. Inter-rater reliability and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated. Radiographs of these patients’ knees in full active flexion and extension were also used to calculate intra and inter-rater reliability compared with clinical measurements using four different methods for plotting angles on the radiographs. RESULTS The ICC for inter-rater reliability using the goniometer was very high. The ICC was 0.91 in extension and 0.85 in flexion while repeatability was 8.49° (-8.03–8.99°) in extension and 5.23° (-4.54–5.74°) in flexion. The best ICC for radiographic measurement in extension was 0.86, indicating ‘near perfect’ agreement, and repeatability was 5.43° (-4.04–6.12°). The best ICC in flexion was 0.95 and repeatability was 5.82° (-3.38–6.55°). The ICC for intrarater reliability was 0.98 for extension and 0.99 for flexion on radiographic measurements. CONCLUSIONS Validating the use of radiographs to reliably measure range of motion following knee arthroplasty has allowed us to set up a ‘virtual knee clinic’. Combining validated questionnaires and radiographic measurement of range of motion, we aim to maintain high quality patient surveillance following knee arthroplasty, reduce our ratio for new to follow-up patients in line with Department of Health guidelines and improve patient satisfaction through reduced travel to hospital outpatients.

scholarly journals INTRA AND INTER-RATER RELIABILITY IN DYNAMIC VALGUS IN SOCCER PLAYERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 396-400
Author(s):  
Diego Brenner Ribeiro ◽  
Gustavo de Mello Rodrigues ◽  
Dernival Bertoncello
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Dynamic Valgus

ABSTRACT Introduction: The two-dimensional (2D) methods of dynamic assessment of knee valgus are popular because of their low cost and the fact that they are easy to implement. It is believed that dynamic valgus of the knee is one of the main disorders responsible for non-contact lesions of the anterior cruciate ligament. There are two categories of reliability with regard to data collectors: inter-rater (reliability among multiple data collectors) and intra-rater (reliability of a single data collector). Objectives: To assess intra and inter-rater reliability during the step-down test in professional soccer athletes, using initial and final angles for each test repetition. Methods: The sample consisted of 29 professional soccer players. All study participants were considered by club physiotherapists to be free of any musculoskeletal injury and were performing daily training tasks. Two male evaluators participated in the study. Results: For each data group, mean and standard deviation were determined. The intra- and inter-rater reliability of all data was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), with a confidence interval of 95% and alpha of p ≤ 0.05. Rater 1 was classified in the first intra-rater stage of the analysis for heel touch, with good to excellent reliability. For the inter-rater analysis, both for heel touch and for greater valgus angle, there was excellent reliability among the raters. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is high inter-rater and intra-rater reliability through two-dimensional analysis using the Step Down Test in professional soccer athletes. Level of evidence II; Development of diagnostic criteria in consecutive patients (with a “gold” reference standard applied).

A cutting edge approach to assessing physical activities occurring on sidewalks/streets (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Robert Suminski Jr ◽  
Gregory Dominick ◽  
Philip Sapanaro
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Number Of Individuals

BACKGROUND A considerable proportion of outdoor physical activity is done on sidewalk/streets. For example, we found that ~70% of adults who walked during the previous week used the sidewalks/streets around their homes. Interventions conducted at geographical levels (e.g., community) and studies examining relationships between environmental conditions (e.g., traffic) and walking/biking, necessitate a reliable measure of physical activities performed on sidewalks/streets. The Block Walk Method (BWM) is one of the more common approaches available for this purpose. Although it utilizes reliable observation techniques and displays criterion validity, it remains relatively unchanged since its introduction in 2006. It is a non-technical, labor-intensive, first generation method. Advancing the BWM would contribute significantly to our understanding of physical activity behavior. OBJECTIVE Therefore, the objective of the proposed study is to develop and test a new BWM that utilizes a wearable video device (WVD) and computer video analysis to assess physical activities performed on sidewalks/streets. The following aims will be completed to accomplish this objective. Aim 1: Improve the BWM by incorporating a WVD into the methodology. The WVD is a pair of eyeglasses with a high definition video camera embedded into the frames. We expect the WVD to be a viable option for improving the acquisition and accuracy of data collected using the BWM. Aim 2: Advance the WVD-enhanced BWM by applying machine learning and recognition software to automatically extract information on physical activities occurring on the sidewalks/streets from the videos. METHODS Trained observers (one wearing and one not wearing the WVD) will walk together at a set pace along predetermined, 1000 ft. sidewalk/street observation routes representing low, medium, and high walkable areas. During the walks, the non-WVD observer will use the traditional BWM to record the number of individuals standing/sitting, walking, biking, and running along the routes. The WVD observer will only record a video while walking. Later, two investigators will view the videos to determine the numbers of individuals performing physical activities along the routes. For aim 2, the video data will be analyzed automatically using multiple deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to determine the number of humans along an observation route as well as the type of physical activities being performed. Bland Altman methods and intraclass correlation coefficients will be used to assess agreement. Potential sources of error such as occlusions (e.g., trees) will be assessed using moderator analyses. RESULTS Outcomes from this study are pending; however, preliminary studies supporting the research protocol indicate that the BWM is reliable and the number of individuals were seen walking along routes are correlated with several environmental characteristics (e.g., traffic, sidewalk defects). Further, we have used CNNs to detect cars, bikes, and pedestrians as well as individuals using park facilities. CONCLUSIONS We expect the new approach will enhance measurement accuracy while reducing the burden of data collection. In the future, the capabilities of the WVD-CNNs system will be expanded to allow for the determination of other characteristics captured by the videos such as caloric expenditure and environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Imaging Evaluation of Textural Features in Athletes with Soleus Pathology—A Novel Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca De-la-Cruz-Torres ◽  
Emmanuel Navarro-Flores ◽  
Daniel López-López ◽  
Carlos Romero-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Group A

Background: the aim of this study was to compare the echotexture of patients with soleus muscle injury and age matched controls. Methods: a sample of 62 athletes was recruited at the private clinic and was divided in two group: a healthy group (n = 31) and a soleus pathology group whose athletes had soleus muscle injury, located in the central tendon (n = 31). The muscle thickness (MTh), echointensity (EI) and echovariation (EV) were analyzed. An intra-rater reliability test (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient-ICC) was performed in order to analyze the reliability of the values of the measurements. Results: Sociodemographic variables did not show statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Ultrasound imaging measurements who reported statistically significant differences were EI (p = 0.001) and standard deviation (SD) (p = 0.001). MTh and EV variables did not show statistically significant differences (p = 0.381 and p = 0.364, respectively). Moreover, reliability values for the MTh (ICC = 0.911), EI (ICC = 0.982), SD (ICC = 0.955) and EV (ICC = 0.963). Based on these results the intra-rater reliability was considered excellent. Conclusion: Athletes with a central tendon injury of soleus muscle showed a lower EI when they were compared to healthy athletes. The echogenicity showed by the quantitative ultrasound imaging measurement may be a more objective parameter for the diagnosis and follow-up the soleus muscle injuries.

scholarly journals Intra-Rater (Live vs. Video Assessment) and Inter-Rater (Expert vs. Novice) Reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1652
Author(s):  
Aida Carballo-Fazanes ◽  
Ezequiel Rey ◽  
Nadia C. Valentini ◽  
José E. Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Cristina Varela-Casal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Video Assessment ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Ball Skills

The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) is one of the most common tools for assessing the fundamental movement skills (FMS) in children between 3 and 10 years. This study aimed to examine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the TGMD—3rd Edition (TGMD-3) between expert and novice raters using live and video assessment. Five raters [2 experts and 3 novices (one of them BSc in Physical Education and Sport Science)] assessed and scored the performance of the TGMD-3 of 25 healthy children [Female: 60%; mean (standard deviation) age 9.16 (1.31)]. Schoolchildren were attending at one public elementary school during the academic year 2019–2020 from Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Raters scored each children performance through two viewing moods (live and slow-motion). The ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) was used to determine the agreement between raters. Our results showed moderate-to-excellent intra-rater reliability for overall score and locomotor and ball skills subscales; moderate-to-good inter-rater reliability for overall and ball skills; and poor-to-good for locomotor subscale. Higher intra-rater reliability was achieved by the expert raters and novice rater with physical education background compared to novice raters. However, the inter-rater reliability was more variable in all the raters regardless of their experience or background. No significant differences in reliability were found when comparing live and video assessments. For clinical practice, it would be recommended that raters reach an agreement before the assessment to avoid subjective interpretations that might distort the results.

Adaptation and Validation of a Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for University Grab-and-Go Establishments

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K.C. Lo ◽  
Leia Minaker ◽  
Alicia N.T. Chan ◽  
Jessica Hrgetic ◽  
Catherine L. Mah
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Nutrition Information ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Nutrition Environment

Purpose: To adapt and validate a survey instrument to assess the nutrition environment of grab-and-go establishments at a university campus. Methods: A version of the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for grab-and-go establishments (NEMS-GG) was adapted from existing NEMS instruments and tested for reliability and validity through a cross-sectional assessment of the grab-and-go establishments at the University of Toronto. Product availability, price, and presence of nutrition information were evaluated. Cohen’s kappa coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were assessed for inter-rater reliability, and construct validity was assessed using the known-groups comparison method (via store scores). Results: Fifteen grab-and-go establishments were assessed. Inter-rater reliability was high with an almost perfect agreement for availability (mean κ = 0.995) and store scores (ICC = 0.999). The tool demonstrated good face and construct validity. About half of the venues carried fruit and vegetables (46.7% and 53.3%, respectively). Regular and healthier entrée items were generally the same price. Healthier grains were cheaper than regular options. Six establishments displayed nutrition information. Establishments operated by the university’s Food Services consistently scored the highest across all food premise types for nutrition signage, availability, and cost of healthier options. Conclusions: Health promotion strategies are needed to address availability and variety of healthier grab-and-go options in university settings.

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