scholarly journals The Impact of a Training Device on Perception and Performance by Novice Users of an Autoinjector

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
Jenna Garafalo ◽  
Huiyang Li ◽  
Michael Lau
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Data ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Training Materials ◽  
Novice Users ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Device Use ◽  
Instructions For Use ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

The study was conducted to understand the effects of having access to different training materials in the interim between training and first use of an injection device for 27 injection-naïve participants. Participants were told they would be giving themselves a real injection of saline in the return session, and were not told that they would use injection pads until after subjective data was gathered during session 2. This deception paradigm was used to increase the external validity of the study. Participants self-trained in one of three conditions based on what they were given to take home: instructions for use, mechanical trainer, and/or a training video. Participants self-trained in session 1, performed a simulated injection in the session 2 two weeks later, and completed three online surveys in the interim. In session 2, a majority of participants were able to achieve minimally acceptable performance to deliver the medication during the simulated use of the autoinjector. Participants who took home a mechanical trainer had fewer use deviations than those who did not have the trainer at home. This difference was only seen in injection specific subtasks; performance on pre- and post-injection subtasks was low across all groups. Intermittent practice with a mechanical trainer was seen to improve performance on subtasks involved in the motor performance of the injection itself but did not impact performance or compliance with other tasks important to the injection. More holistic training solutions may be required to impact other aspects of the injection beyond the injection itself. While performance differed, subjective ratings did not differ, showing an overconfidence bias that may affect a user’s ability to self-report competence in device use.

The Stereotype Threat Effect

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Moritz ◽  
Insa Happach ◽  
Karla Spirandelli ◽  
Tania M. Lincoln ◽  
Fabrice Berna
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Threat Effect ◽  
Efficacy Expectations ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Neurocognitive deficits in patients with mental disorders are partially due to secondary influences. “Stereotype threat” denotes the phenomenon that performance is compromised when a participant is confronted with a devaluing stereotype. The present study examined the impact of stereotype threat on neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia. Seventy-seven participants with a self-reported diagnosis of schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either an experimental condition involving stereotype threat activation or a control condition in an online study. Participants completed memory and attention tests as well as questionnaires on motivation, self-efficacy expectations, cognitive complaints, and self-stigmatization. Contrary to our prediction, the two groups showed no significant differences regarding neuropsychological performance and self-report measures. Limitations, such as a possibly too weak threat cue, are discussed and recommendations for future studies are outlined.

The magnitude of neurocognitive impairment is overestimated in depression: the role of motivation, debilitating momentary influences, and the overreliance on mean differences

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Steffen Moritz ◽  
Jingyuan Xie ◽  
Danielle Penney ◽  
Lisa Bihl ◽  
Niklas Hlubek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Performance Deficits ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Performance Scale

Abstract Background Meta-analyses agree that depression is characterized by neurocognitive dysfunctions relative to nonclinical controls. These deficits allegedly stem from impairments in functionally corresponding brain areas. Increasingly, studies suggest that some performance deficits are in part caused by negative task-taking attitudes such as poor motivation or the presence of distracting symptoms. A pilot study confirmed that these factors mediate neurocognitive deficits in depression. The validity of these results is however questionable given they were based solely on self-report measures. The present study addresses this caveat by having examiners assess influences during a neurocognitive examination, which were concurrently tested for their predictive value on performance. Methods Thirty-three patients with depression and 36 healthy controls were assessed on a battery of neurocognitive tests. The examiner completed the Impact on Performance Scale, a questionnaire evaluating mediating influences that may impact performance. Results On average, patients performed worse than controls at a large effect size. When the total score of the Impact on Performance Scale was accounted for by mediation analysis and analyses of covariance, group differences were reduced to a medium effect size. A total of 30% of patients showed impairments of at least one standard deviation below the mean. Conclusions This study confirms that neurocognitive impairment in depression is likely overestimated; future studies should consider fair test-taking conditions. We advise researchers to report percentages of patients showing performance deficits rather than relying solely on overall group differences. This prevents fostering the impression that the majority of patients exert deficits, when in fact deficits are only true for a subgroup.

scholarly journals Psychometrics and Validity of the Survey of Memory-Related Quality of Life in HIV Disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli L Sullivan ◽  
Paulina A Kulesz ◽  
Steven Paul Woods
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
Incremental Value ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Retrospective and prospective memory deficits are associated with lower quality of life (QoL); however, there are no validated measures that comprehensively and directly assess the impact of memory problems on QoL. The Survey of Memory-Related Quality of Life (SMRQoL) was developed as a 30-item questionnaire to measure memory-related QoL. Method Both HIV+ (n = 195) and HIV− (n = 146) participants completed the SMRQoL, a neurocognitive research battery, and validated self-report questionnaires of memory, QoL, and mood. Participants were recruited into younger (age ≤ 40 years) and older (age ≥ 50 years) groups per the parent study design. Results The SMRQoL had a unidimensional factor structure and demonstrated measurement invariance across the HIV+ and HIV− participants. Analyses of 111 clinically stable participants (e.g., persons with no incident or remitting central nervous system disorders) who returned for a 14-month follow-up visit indicated that the SMRQoL had adequate test–retest stability. There was a significant interaction of age and HIV status on the SMRQoL, such that older HIV+ participants reported the lowest memory-related QoL. SMRQoL scores were associated with validated measures of mental and physical QoL, self-reported memory and cognitive symptoms, and performance-based memory and executive functions. Conclusions The SMRQoL shows evidence of reliability and validity as a measure of memory-related QoL that can be used to assess the impact of memory problems on everyday life, but future work is needed to demonstrate the measure’s incremental value in the context of diagnosis and treatment.

Self-Reported Wellness in Training and Performance: A Comparison of Professional Ballet Dancers and Professional Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
Carly Harrison ◽  
Scott Ruddock ◽  
Susan Mayes ◽  
Jill Cook ◽  
Paul O’Halloran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Activity Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: In high-performance sport, the use of self-report measures is expanding. The exploration of wellness states in response to training and performance requires further investigation for professional ballet dancers and athletes. This study therefore aimed to: compare wellness scores between professional ballet dancers and athletes in training and performance; report frequency of self-reported modified participation during training and performance; and report frequency of self-reported inability to participate due to pain and illness in dancers and athletes. METHODS: Fourteen professional ballet dancers (mean 26 yrs, SD 2.6) and 14 sex- and age-matched professional athletes (mean 27.7 yrs, SD 2.9) recorded daily wellness (fatigue, stress, sleep quality and quantity), participation (full, rest, modified, or unable to participate) and activity (performance, training) into a wellness application on their smart phone over a 4-month period. Mixed factorial ANOVAs were conducted to assess the interaction between group (ballet dancers and athletes) and activity (performance and training) on the dependent variables (stress, fatigue, sleep quality, and sleep quantity). RESULTS: Stress and fatigue levels were higher for both dancers and athletes during performance compared to training periods. Dancers recorded lower sleep quantity than athletes, with no difference in sleep quality. Modified participation appears more common in dancers compared to athletes. Dancers and athletes were rarely unable to train or perform/compete over the 4 months. CONCLUSION: Self-reported wellness scores appear sensitive to activity type and can provide valuable information to guide intervention and recovery strategies. Further research on the impact of poor wellness on performance, illness, and injury in professional ballet is warranted.

scholarly journals FRANCHISOR-FRANCHISEE RELATIONSHIP QUALITY: TIME OF RELATIONSHIP AND PERFORMANCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 600-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUÍS FERNANDO VAROTTO ◽  
JURACY GOMES PARENTE
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Relationship Duration ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Franchise literature disputes how the relationship between franchisors and franchisees develops over time. Traditional lifecycle theory views relationships following an ascendant curve, in which relationship quality and performance strengthen over time. Another perspective better reflects the peculiarities of the franchisor-franchisee relationship, indicating that relationship quality in franchise systems follows a U-shaped curve. There is also limited research on the moderating effect of time on the relationship between relational variables and outcomes. This study sheds light on the influence of relationship duration on relationship quality and financial performance in the franchisee-franchisor relationship. Using a self-report survey from a sample of 342 franchisees, mean and regression analyses are conducted to test relationships. Results confirm the time effect on franchisor-franchisee relationship quality and performance, but the hypothesized shape of relationship phases is only partially confirmed. Moreover, time has a positive moderating effect on the impact of relationship quality on financial performance.

Investigating the Influence of Agency on Trust in a Collaborative Game-Based Scenario

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 2086-2090
Author(s):  
Alexandra B. Proaps ◽  
Shelby K. Long ◽  
Molly Liechty ◽  
James P. Bliss
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Team Leader ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Task Instructions ◽  
Collaborative Game ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Subjective Trust

This study is part of an ongoing investigation into the ways in which individual differences may interact with game characteristics to impact performance and subjective trust outcomes within virtual environments. In this study, researchers investigated the impact of team leader agency on trust and performance. Forty college students were told they were working alongside a computer-programmed team leader or a human team leader who provided instructions for twelve tasks in a first-person shooter game, Arma 3™. Results indicate that team leader agency may not impact subjective trust using this type of experimental manipulation, but that intrinsic motivation is related to trust outcomes. Results also indicate differences in the number of times participants reviewed the team leader’s task instructions as a function of agency. Implications for future research include measuring trust behaviorally and investigating whether game-based intrinsic motivation may mediate the relation between trust and performance.

INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND PERFORMANCE OF NEW VENTURE HIGH-TECH FIRMS

2004 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 297-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMA JUMA ◽  
G. TYGE PAYNE
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
New Venture ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Organizational Survival ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Intellectual capital (IC) has been proposed as an essential factor for organizational survival and maintenance of competitive strength. However, there has been very limited consensus on what encompasses IC and how it can best be conceptualized and measured. Further, very little empirical work has specifically examined the relationship between IC and financial performance. Given these shortcomings, this paper focuses first on the impact IC has on performance and secondly on the role strategic alliances may have on this relationship. While we argue that IC will impact performance, we anticipate this relationship will be moderated by strategic alliances and other inter-firm collaborations. Findings reveal interesting relationships that suggest further effort should be placed on the conceptualization and measurement of IC, specifically regarding its relationship to firm performance.

scholarly journals Competence and Commitment: Two Factors that Impact Performance in Organizations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paisal Halim ◽  
Natsir ◽  
Syamsiah Badruddin ◽  
Ahmad Hidayat ◽  
Taufan Maulamin
Keyword(s):  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Outstanding performance is a performance that follows systems according to planned criteria. However, in performance, it must have to have several standards so that efficiency increases so that the company usually runs according to what it wants. To improve employee performance, many factors have an immediate impact on it besides mastering technology and adapting to the global system. The goal of this research is to analyze the impact of competency variables and employee commitment to their performance at work. This study uses a cluster random sampling method with a total sample of 110 respondents. Retrieval of primary data through surveys with questionnaire instruments. In this study compensation indicators are direct and indirect, competency indicators namely: intellectual, emotional and social, indicators of organizational commitment namely affective commitment, commitment continuity, and normative commitment, and performance indicators namely: quality, quantity, timeliness, effectiveness, and independence. The results of this study are the positive and significant influence of competency variables and commitment to employee performance at work. There is a tendency that the two factors are the main factors in improving individual performance better. Significantly there will be an increase in performance if the competencies of employees further enhanced according to today's world technology. Another factor that should be considered is the knowledge factor that will make competence and commitment higher for the organization

Enhancing Skin Self-Examination with Imaging: Evaluation of a Mole-Mapping Program

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Weinstock ◽  
F. Q. Nguyen ◽  
R. A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Self Examination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mapping Program

Background: To enhance early detection of melanoma with thorough skin self-examination, we have enrolled patients in a mole-mapping program that uses digital imaging of the skin. Objective: The goal of our study was to evaluate the impact of participation in the mole-mapping program on performance of thorough skin self-examination. Methods: The study was carried out by telephone survey of 64 program participants, using self-report to assess impact. Results: Participants were generally satisfied and found the program useful and effective; 97% would recommend it. Almost half (45%) of those who were not performing thorough skin self-examination before participation reported performing it after receiving their images. After participation, a partner such as a spouse or friend was more commonly assisting in these examinations. We also noted a correlation (of borderline statistical significance) between sun protection and performance of self-examination, and differences among different definitions of thorough skin self-examination. Conclusion: Interventions centered around imaging have the potential to substantially enhance and encourage the performance of thorough skin self-examination for the early detection of melanoma.

scholarly journals The impact of mouse weight and connection type on muscle activity and performance while gaming

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1969-1971
Author(s):  
Guangchuan Li ◽  
Mengcheng Wang ◽  
Alexander Wiesinger ◽  
Elias Hoeglinger ◽  
Alan Barr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Musculoskeletal Health ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Computer Mouse ◽  
Connection Type ◽  
Input Efficiency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

E-sports are popular around the world and has become a full-time profession for an increasing number of players. Specialized keyboards, mice, headphones and gaming workstations have been developed to improve performance and reduce physical discomfort associated with prolonged gaming. Games have special requirements of operation requiring faster and larger movement, greater mouse sensitivity and higher input efficiency of pointing devices like the computer mouse. The rapid and precise movements of the mouse may impact performance and pose challenges to musculoskeletal health. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare muscle activity and performance while gaming with mice that vary in connection type (wired versus wireless) and weight (light versus heavy).

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