scholarly journals Sarcopenia and Predictors of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Elderly Men With and Without Obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 233372141771363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Stoever ◽  
Anke Heber ◽  
Sabine Eichberg ◽  
Klara Brixius
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
European Working ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
Definition Of

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the variables which show the highest association with muscle mass and to identify the most important predictors for muscle mass in elderly men with and without sarcopenia. Methods: A total of 71 men participated, aged ≥65 years. Sarcopenia was assessed using the definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People with determining skeletal muscle index (SMI), hand-grip strength (HGS), and Short Physical Performance Battery. In addition, maximum strength at upper and lower extremities and physical activity were measured. Results: Strong correlations existed between SMI and gait speed, HGS, maximum isometric strength at leg and chest press. Physical activity showed low correlations with muscle strength. Regression analysis revealed HGS and gait speed as key predictors for SMI. Discussion: The recommendation is measuring gait speed and HGS in clinical practice at first followed by measuring muscle mass for determining sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Association of endothelial dysfunction with sarcopenia and muscle function in a relatively young cohort of kidney transplant recipients

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12521
Author(s):  
Siok-Bin Khoo ◽  
Yu-Li Lin ◽  
Guan-Jin Ho ◽  
Ming-Che Lee ◽  
Bang-Gee Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Young Cohort ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index

Background Sarcopenia and endothelial dysfunction are both common among kidney transplant (KT) recipients. We aimed to evaluate the association between endothelial dysfunction and sarcopenia, as well as its individual components. Methods Vascular reactivity index (VRI), skeletal muscle index (SMI = skeletal muscle mass/height2), handgrip strength (HGS), and 6-meter usual gait speed (GS) were measured in 95 KT recipients. Low SMI was defined as SMI less than 10% of the sex-specific reference values from Chinese adults; low HGS as HGS < 28 kg for men and < 18 kg for women; slow GS as GS below 1.0 m/s. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the presence of low SMI as an essential criterion, accompanied by either low HGS or slow GS. Vascular reactivity was classified as being indicative of poor (VRI < 1.0), intermediate (1.0 ≤ VRI < 2.0), or good (VRI ≥ 2.0) vascular reactivity. Results Of the 95 patients, aged 45.2 ± 10.9 years, 11.6% had sarcopenia and 13.7% had poor vascular reactivity. Patients with sarcopenia were lower in body mass index (p = 0.001) and VRI (p = 0.041), and have a higher proportion of low muscle mass (p < 0.001), low HGS (p < 0.001), and slow GS (p = 0.001). Patients with poor vascular reactivity have a higher proportion of sarcopenia (p = 0.005), low HGS (p = 0.006), and slow GS (p = 0.029). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients in the poor VRI group were significantly associated with sarcopenia (odds ratio, OR = 6.17; 95% confidence interval [1.06–36.04]; p = 0.043), comparing to those with good VRI. We further analysed the effects of VRI on individual components of sarcopenia and found that VRI predicted slow GS significantly (OR = 0.41; 95% CI = [0.21–0.79]; p = 0.007), but not low SMI (OR = 1.15; 95% CI [0.53–2.49]; p = 0.718) and HGS (OR = 0.59; 95% CI [0.31–1.16]; p = 0.125). Conclusions We concluded that endothelial dysfunction is a key determinant of sarcopenia in KT recipients. Furthermore, endothelial dysfunction is more closely related to gait speed than muscle mass and strength.

Sarcopenia in bladder cancer patients is an unmodifiable outcomes predictor.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 480-480
Author(s):  
Gregory John Barton ◽  
Jeanette Wang ◽  
Andrew Chang ◽  
Wei Phin Tan ◽  
Joseph J Fantony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity

480 Background: Sarcopenia, a severe loss of skeletal muscle mass, predicts poor outcomes in bladder cancer (BC). But, why sarcopenia occurs in BC is unknown. Our objective was to assess if diet and physical activity were the primary factors causing sarcopenia, and thus assess if sarcopenia could be addressed by lifestyle interventions. Methods: 286 patients filled out the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long Form (IPAQ-L) and the Diet History Questionnaire II (DHQ2), had a CT abdomen/pelvis within 6 months of questionnaire administration and met inclusion criteria. The DHQ2 was converted into Healthy Eating Index 2010 scores (HEI2010). Skeletal muscle area (SM, cm2) area was measured at the L3 level using Slice-O-Matic software and divided by height (m2) to arrive at skeletal muscle index (SMI). Sarcopenia was defined as SMI < 52.4 in men and < 38.5 in women. Three raters read the images and inter-rater reliability was measured by the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Associations among patient demographics, tumor characteristics, physical activity, diet quality, and body composition were examined by stratified analyses and regression models with R 3.2.3. Results: Reliability was very high, ICC=0.97. Sarcopenia was present in 71% of males and 55% of females. Key predictors of decreasing SMI included increasing age (p < 0.001), female gender (p < 0.001), and white race (p < 0.001). When adjusted for these unmodifiable patient factors, there was no association between SMI and variables such as Elixhauser comorbidity score, AJCC stage, tumor grade, and procedure type. With respect to modifiable lifestyle factors, there was no association between SMI and average weekly MET-min of physical activity level (p = 0.99) nor the daily consumption of calories (p = 0.69), protein (p = 0.28), fat (p = 0.19), or carbohydrate (p = 0.77). The HEI2010 diet score was not associated with SMI (p = 0.66). Conclusions: The three strongest predictors of decreasing muscle mass (i.e. sarcopenia) in BC patients are age, gender, and race. Modifiable risk factors, such as diet and physical activity levels, did not affect sarcopenia. Therefore, we would not expect that targeted lifestyle interventions would affect sarcopenia and improve BC outcomes.

scholarly journals Correlation between the Charlson comorbidity index and skeletal muscle mass/physical performance in hospitalized older people potentially suffering from sarcopenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge Gong ◽  
Wenhui Wan ◽  
Xinghu Zhang ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Xinhui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Older People ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Charlson Comorbidity Index ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Comorbidity Index ◽  
Mass Group

Abstract Background Sarcopenia is a decrease in skeletal muscle mass, physical performance, and muscle strength in older people. In this study, we aimed to explore the correlation between comorbidity and skeletal muscle mass and physical performance in older people. Methods This retrospective study included 168 subjects. Their medical history, physical function, computed tomography (CT) chest scans, and blood tests for nutrition were evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups: (1) a low muscle mass group and (2) a normal muscle mass group. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to compare multiple sets of mean vectors. Results Overall, 72.02% of the subjects had a low skeletal muscle index (SMI) and low gait speed. The patients with low skeletal muscle mass and physical performance were older, had more serious comorbidities, and had longer average hospitalization periods and lower albumin and hemoglobin levels. Subjects with a high Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) were more likely to be in the sarcopenic group than in the non-sarcopenic group. In addition, there was a linear correlation between the CCI and SMI (r = − 0.549, P < 0.05), and between the CCI and gait speed (r = − 0.614, P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) value for low skeletal muscle mass with the CCI was 0.879. Conclusions We identified an independent association between comorbidity and skeletal muscle mass/physical performance by researching the correlation between the CCI and SMI/gait speed. Our results suggested that the CCI score may have important clinical diagnostic value for sarcopenia.

Abstract T P115: Sarcopenia and Physical Function in Chronic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice S Ryan ◽  
Joseph Hartstein ◽  
Charlene Hafer-Macko ◽  
Frederick Ivey
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
European Working

Sarcopenia is defined as an age-related loss in skeletal lean muscle mass and strength and is as a leading contributor to the development of frailty. Stroke survivors have muscle atrophy in paretic (P) vs. nonparetic (P) legs that could contribute to whole body sarcopenia. The purpose of this study was to determine the sarcopenic index in a large population of chronic stroke survivors and compare this group to age, gender, and BMI-matched non-stroke controls. Chronic stroke survivors aged 40 to 84 yrs (n=180, 61% female, 59% African American, BMI: 29±1 kg/m 2 , X±SEM) with mild to moderate gait deficits underwent whole body DXA scans to assess sarcopenic index (appendicular lean mass/ht 2 ). The cutoffs for sarcopenia, by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia, were used and defined as a skeletal muscle index of <7.23 kg/m 2 in men and <5.67 kg/m 2 in women. In the entire group, the prevalence of sarcopenia in stroke survivors (13%) did not differ significantly from that of populations reported previously in the literature. In 61-70 year olds, 87% (n=63) had normal muscle mass and 13% (n=9) were sarcopenic. In 71-80 year olds, 79% (n=30) had normal skeletal muscle index and 21% (n=8) were sarcopenic. Stroke survivors (n=39) were matched with 39 controls on the basis of race, gender, age ±4 years and BMI±2.5 units. After matched pair analysis, 5.1% of the controls had sarcopenia while 12.8% of the control group were sarcopenic (P<0.0001). Sarcopenic index was related to six-minute walking speed (r=0.28, P<0.01). In conclusion, stroke survivors may be at an elevated risk for sarcopenia when considering age, gender, and race to non-stroke individuals which is related to functional mobility in this population.

scholarly journals Association of Diet Quality with Low Muscle Mass-Function in Korean Elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikyeong Jung ◽  
Saejong Park ◽  
Hyesook Kim ◽  
Oran Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Mass Function ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Age Related ◽  
European Working ◽  
And Function ◽  
Korean Elderly

There is a growing body of evidence that links nutrition to muscle mass and function in the elderly, suggesting that it has an important role to play both in the prevention and management of age-related sarcopenia. Some nutrients have been studied, but less is known about the influence of overall diet quality on the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. This study investigated the interrelationship between the recommended food score (RFS), as an indicator of overall diet quality, and muscle mass function among the Korean elderly. The sample consisted of 521 participants (263 men and 258 women), aged >65 years, who participated in the 2014–2015 National Fitness Award project. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Low muscle mass was defined as having an ASM corrected for height lower than the cutoff value established by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Muscle function, assessed by handgrip strength (HGS), was defined as low if it was below the 20th percentile of elderly men and women. Low muscle mass-function, defined as low muscle mass with low muscle strength (HGS), was found in 29 men (11.0%) and 22 women (8.5%). In elderly men, the low muscle mass-function group had significantly lower RFS values than the normal group after adjustments for age, body fat percentage, drinking, smoking, education, and physical activity (p = 0.019). However, there was no association between RFS and muscle mass-function in elderly women. Our findings suggest that better diet quality may be associated with higher muscle mass in elderly Korean men.

scholarly journals Different Impact of Definitions of Sarcopenia in Defining Frailty Status in a Population of Older Women with Early Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Andrea Bellieni ◽  
Domenico Fusco ◽  
Alejandro Martin Sanchez ◽  
Gianluca Franceschini ◽  
Beatrice Di Capua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Early Breast Cancer ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
European Working ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Definition Of

Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by losses of quantity and quality of skeletal muscle, which is associated with negative outcomes in older adults and in cancer patients. Different definitions of sarcopenia have been used, with quantitative data more frequently used in oncology, while functional measures have been advocated in the geriatric literature. Little is known about the correlation between frailty status as assessed by comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and sarcopenia in cancer patients. We retrospectively analyzed data from 96 older women with early breast cancer who underwent CGAs and Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scans for muscle mass assessment before cancer treatment at a single cancer center from 2016 to 2019 to explore the correlation between frailty status as assessed by CGA and sarcopenia using different definitions. Based on the results of the CGA, 35 patients (36.5%) were defined as frail. Using DXA Appendicular Skeletal Mass (ASM) or the Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI=ASM/height^2), 41 patients were found to be sarcopenic (42.7%), with no significant difference in prevalence between frail and nonfrail subjects. Using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) definition of sarcopenia (where both muscle function and mass are required), 58 patients were classified as “probably” sarcopenic; among these, 25 were sarcopenic and 17 “severely” sarcopenic. Only 13 patients satisfied both the requirements for being defined as sarcopenic and frail. Grade 3-4 treatment-related toxicities (according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) were more common in sarcopenic and frail sarcopenic patients. Our data support the use of a definition of sarcopenia that includes both quantitative and functional data in order to identify frail patients who need tailored treatment.

Change in skeletal muscle index and its prognostic significance in conversion therapy for initially unresectable colorectal cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 56-56
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Nozawa ◽  
Shigenobu Emoto ◽  
Koji Murono ◽  
Yasutaka Shuno ◽  
Soichiro Ishihara
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Systemic Chemotherapy ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Conversion Therapy ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index

56 Background: Systemic chemotherapy can cause loss of skeletal muscle mass in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in the neoadjuvant and palliative settings. However, it is largely unknown how the body composition is changed by chemotherapy rendering unresectable CRC to resectable disease or how it affects the prognosis. This study aimed at elucidating the effects of systemic chemotherapy on skeletal muscles and survival in stage IV CRC patients who underwent conversion therapy. Methods: We reviewed 98 stage IV CRC patients who received systemic chemotherapy in our hospital. According to the treatment setting, patients were divided into the ‘Conversion’, ‘Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC)’, and ‘Palliation’ groups. The cross-sectional area of skeletal muscles at the third lumbar level and changes in the skeletal muscle index (SMI), defined as the area divided by height squared, during chemotherapy were compared among patient groups. The effects of these parameters on prognosis were analyzed in the Conversion group. Results: The mean SMI increased by 8.0% during chemotherapy in the Conversion group (n = 38), whereas it decreased by 6.2% in the NAC group (n = 18) and 3.7% in the Palliation group (n = 42, p < 0.0001). Moreover, patients with increased SMI during chemotherapy had a better overall survival (OS) than those whose SMI decreased in the Conversion group (p = 0.021). The increase in SMI was an independent predictor of favorable OS on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio: 0.26). Conclusions: Stage IV CRC patients who underwent conversion to resection often had an increased SMI. As such an increase in SMI further conveys a survival benefit in conversion therapy, it may be important to make efforts to preserve muscle mass by meticulous approaches, such as nutritional support, muscle exercise programs, and pharmacological intervention even during chemotherapy in patients with metastatic CRC.

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle index and its association with mobility among community‐dwelling older women

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
ZBIGNIEW M. OSSOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Older People ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Chair Stand

Background: The loss of muscle function and reduced mobility levels are the main reasons for the limitations of independence and disability in older people. The main aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the skeletal muscle index and mobility in older women. Material and methods: ‪The study involved 166 older women. Skeletal muscle mass and other body components were determined by bioimpedance using an InBody 720 device. Functional mobility was evaluated with the timed up-and-go test. 30-second chair stand was also used to measure the level of functional strength in lower extremities. Results: ‪The skeletal muscle index was positively correlated with functional mobility (r=-0.22; p=0.00) and 30-second chair stand (r=-0.47; p=0.00). However, the strength of lower extremities was a significantly better parameter in predicting mobility in older women than the skeletal muscle index and skeletal muscle mass. Conclusions: The functional strength of lower extremity muscles and the skeletal muscle index can have a positive effect on functional mobility in older people. The results may be helpful in clinical practice when diagnosing mobility limitations and in the process of programming physical activity of older women aimed at the prevention of sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults using the definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2: findings from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 910-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miji Kim ◽  
Chang Won Won
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older People ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
European Working ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background in October 2018, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) updated their original definition of sarcopenia to reflect the scientific and clinical evidence that has accumulated over the last decade. Objective to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in a large group of community-dwelling older adults using the EWGSOP2 definition and algorithm. Design a cross-sectional study. Setting the nationwide Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). Subjects a total of 2,099 ambulatory community-dwelling older adults, aged 70–84 years (mean age, 75.9 ± 4.0 years; 49.8% women) who were enrolled in the KFACS. Methods physical function was assessed by handgrip strength, usual gait speed, the five-times-sit-to-stand test, the timed up-and-go test, and the Short Physical Performance Battery. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results according to the criteria of the EWGSOP2, the sarcopenia indicators of combined low muscle strength and low muscle quantity were present in 4.6–14.5% of men and 6.7–14.4% of women. The severe sarcopenia indicators of combined low muscle strength, low muscle quantity and low physical performance were present in 0.3–2.2% of men and 0.2–6.2% of women. Using the clinical algorithm with SARC-F as a screening tool, the prevalence of probable sarcopenia (2.2%), confirmed sarcopenia (1.4%) and severe sarcopenia (0.8%) was low. Conclusions the prevalence of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older individuals varied depending on which components of the revised EWGSOP2 definition were used, such as the tools used to measure muscle strength and the ASM indicators for low muscle mass.

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