Towards great ethno-civilizations and spiritual empires? How the European New Right imagines a post-liberal world order

2021 ◽  
pp. 2336825X2110529
Author(s):  
Manni Crone
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
World Order ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
New Right ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Nation States ◽  
American Hegemony ◽  
European New Right ◽  
Recent Claim

Far-right parties and pundits are often portrayed as parochial nationalists obsessed with the idea of national sovereignty. Opposed to a liberal world order, they prefer a rogue world of nation-states on the loose. This essay seeks to complicate that narrative. It suggests that alongside political parties with a nationalist agenda, an increasing number of voices on the radical Right are now pushing for a re-spiritualized world order in which cultures, civilizations, and empires are to set the scene. This vision of global order echoes Christopher Coker’s recent claim that “we now live in a world in which civilization is fast becoming the currency of international politics.” But, why does this strand of the far-right prefer civilizations to nation-states? To ponder this question, this essay zooms in on the European New Right and more precisely two of its main luminaries, Alain de Benoist and Aleksandr Dugin. It shows how the New Right stretches back to classical geopolitics to imagine a future polycentric world order in which large civilizations are set free from American hegemony. The empires of the future are no longer underpinned by nation-states but by ethnopluralism—a “blossoming variety” of local, ethnic, agrarian polities.

scholarly journals Political philosophy and Australian far-right media: A critical discourse analysis of The Unshackled and XYZ

Thesis Eleven ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 072551362110086
Author(s):  
Imogen Richards ◽  
Maria Rae ◽  
Matteo Vergani ◽  
Callum Jones
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
New Right ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Far Right ◽  
News Websites ◽  
Conservative Revolution ◽  
Social Conservatism ◽  
European New Right

A 21st-century growth in prevalence of extreme right-wing nationalism and social conservatism in Australia, Europe, and America, in certain respects belies the positive impacts of online, new, and alternative forms of global media. Cross-national forms of ‘far-right activism’ are unconfined to their host nations; individuals and organisations campaign on the basis of ethno-cultural separatism, while capitalising on internet-based affordances for communication and ideological cross-fertilisation. Right-wing revolutionary ideas disseminated in this media, to this end, embody politico-cultural aims that can only be understood with attention to their philosophical underpinnings. Drawing on a dataset of articles from the pseudo-news websites, XYZ and The Unshackled, this paper investigates the representation of different rightist political philosophical traditions in contemporary Australia-based far-right media. A critical discourse and content analysis reveal XYZ and TU’s engagement with various traditions, from Nietzsche and the Conservative Revolution, to the European New Right and neo-Nazism.

Ends of the Universal: The League of Nations and Chinese Fascism on the Eve of World War II

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1740-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAGGIE CLINTON
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
World Order ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Ideal Structure ◽  
World War ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Territorial Integrity ◽  
Nationalist Party ◽  
Nation States

AbstractFascist Italy's 1935 invasion of Ethiopia and the League of Nations’ handling of the crisis resonated strongly in Nationalist China, where it recalled the League's failure to thwart Japan's claims to Manchuria in 1931. As these two crises unfolded, the League became a nexus around which Nationalist Party debates about the position of colonized and semi-colonized countries within the extant world order crystallized. Party adherents reflected on China's and Ethiopia's positions as independent nation states with limited territorial integrity or juridical autonomy, and assessed this situation in light of their respective League memberships. While party liberals continued to view the League as a flawed but worthwhile experiment in global governance, newly-emerged fascist activists within the party denounced it as an instrument for curtailing the sovereignty of weak nations. From these conflicting views of the League, it can be discerned how Nationalist disunity was partially grounded in disagreements over the nature and ideal structure of the global order, and how Chinese fascists agitated to escape from modern structures of imperialist domination while reiterating the latter's racial and civilizational exclusions.

scholarly journals From Paramilitaries to Parliamentarians: Disaggregating Radical Right Wing Extremist Movements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Blazakis ◽  
Colin Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
White Supremacist ◽  
Far Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Individual

The global far right is extremely broad in nature and far from monolithic. While the “far right” is often used as an umbrella term, using the term runs the risk of over-simplifying the differences and linkages between white supremacist, anti-immigration, nativist, and other motivating ideologies. These beliefs and political platforms fall within the far-right rubric, and too often the phrase presents a more unified image of the phenomena than is really the case. In truth, the “far right” and the individual movements that comprise it are fragmented, consisting of a number of groups that lack established leadership and cohesion. Indeed, these movements include chauvinist religious organizations, neo-fascist street gangs, and paramilitary organs of established political parties. Although such movements largely lack the mass appeal of the interwar European radical right-wing extreme, they nevertheless can inspire both premeditated and spontaneous acts of violence against perceived enemies. This report is intended to provide policymakers, practitioners, and the academic community with a roadmap of ongoing shifts in the organizational structures and ideological currents of radical right-wing extremist movements, detailing the difference between distinct, yet often connected and interlaced echelons of the far right. In particular, the report identifies and analyzes various aspects of the broader far right and the assorted grievances it leverages to recruit, which is critical to gaining a more nuanced understanding of the potential future trajectory of these movements.

scholarly journals Metapolitical New Right Influencers: The Case of Brittany Pettibone

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Ico Maly
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
New Right ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
Far Right

Far-right movements, activists, and political parties are on the rise worldwide. Several scholars connect this rise of the far-right at least partially to the affordances of digital media and to a new digital metapolitical battle. A lot has been written about the far-right’s adoption of trolling, harassment, and meme-culture in their metapolitical strategy, but researchers have focused less on how far-right vloggers are using the practices of influencer culture for metapolitical goals. This paper tries to fill this gap and bring new theoretical insights based on a digital ethnographic case study. By analyzing political YouTuber and #pizzagate propagator Brittany Pettibone, this paper contributes to our understanding of radicalization processes in relation to the use of digital media.

scholarly journals Populist, Radical and Extremist Political Parties in Visegrad countries vis à vis the migration crisis. In the name of the people and the nation in Central Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Věra Stojarová
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The People ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Radical Right Parties ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Visegrád Countries ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe paper looks at the political party scene in Visegrad countries before and after the influx of refugees and compares how much the negative reactions were instrumentalised not only by the extremist and radical right parties but by the newly emerged populist formations as well as the well-established mainstream parties across the whole political spectra. Until the “migration crisis”, the far right parties focused mainly on Roma issue, anti-Semitism, anti-communism, anti-establishment and used anti-NATO, anti-EU, anti-German, anti-Czech, anti-Slovak or anti-Hungarian card. Since 2015, the parties re-oriented against immigrants, more precisely against the Muslims presenting them as a threat and also increased their criticism on the EU. However, the mainstream parties also accepted far right topics and actively promoted them. The result is then mainstreaming of xenophobia, nationalism and marginalization of far right parties as their flexible voters move to the populist subjects.

scholarly journals The Weakness of Populism in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 197-209
Author(s):  
Astrid Barrio
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Far Right ◽  
New Parties ◽  
Fault Lines

This paper analyses why Populism has failed to take root in Spain despite a ‘soil’ that has favoured its seeding and growth elsewhere. At first sight, Spain seems to provide the conditions in which Populism can thrive: a deep economic crisis (which began with the financial meltdown in 2008) and a succession of corruption scandals affecting all the main political parties. Even so, Populism has failed to gain a hold in Spain. The traditional Far Right is very weak, and new parties such as Podemos and Ciudadanos cannot be considered Populist. While Vox displays all the features of a radical right-wing party, it is one from which Populism is absent. We argue that the lack of Populism in Spain can mainly be explained by the highly fractured nature of the country’s politics, with left-right and national fault lines shaping how political competition plays out in the nation.

The Radical Right and Fascism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Copsey
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
New Right ◽  
The Political ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Right Wing Populism ◽  
European New Right

Within the political science community, scholars typically draw a sharp distinction between the “radical right” and “fascism.” This chapter challenges such a distinction, and encourages scholars to reprise fascism’s relationship to the radical right. It suggests that (neo)fascism’s past offers the best route to understanding the present-day radical right. Such a historical interpretation seeks to enhance our understanding of the central importance of the neofascist European New Right as the “missing link” between fascism and contemporary radical right-wing populism. Moreover, much of the scholarly literature theorizing the radical right also fails to take into account activist cultures and shared domains. Rather than breaking the historical link between the radical right and fascism, this chapter calls on those studying this field to reinstate this important link, thereby acknowledging the continuing presence of fascism in today’s radical right.

Alexander Dugin and Eurasianism

2019 ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
Marlene Laruelle
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
New Right ◽  
The West ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Conservative Revolution ◽  
European New Right ◽  
At Home

This chapter discusses the life and work of Alexander Dugin who, since the mid-1990s, has been the best marketed of all Russian ideologists, both in Russia and in the West. Well-read in mainstream philosophy and the humanities, Dugin is an impressive aggregator of radical Right ideologies. He brings together doctrines from diverse origins: völkisch occultism, Traditionalism, Conservative Revolution, European New Right, Eurasianism, and the like. He is the main intellectual figure in Russia to have selected European radical Right doctrinal traditions as his ideological marketing product, and his success at home has been limited. His efforts to influence Russia’s broader geopolitical narrative have prospered, but his work to introduce doctrinal content inspired by the European völkisch tradition has not. Nevertheless, thanks to his well-developed outreach strategies; his ability to speak various European languages, to translate and to be translated; and his networks in several European countries, Dugin has become Russia’s best-known New Right thinker.

scholarly journals White Extinction: Metaphysical Elements of Contemporary Western Fascism

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-52
Author(s):  
Chetan Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
White Supremacy ◽  
New Right ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Far Right ◽  
The Us ◽  
European New Right ◽  
Liberal Modernity

The Euro-American far-right represents a highly diverse political movement comprising numerous ideological tendencies. It includes the European New Right, the US ‘alt-right’ and ‘alt-lite’, far-right accelerationism, traditionalism, and new forms of political misogyny. Despite the diversity in ideas and activities, this article argues that an overarching theme of the ‘fear of white extinction’ travels across and animates each major contemporary far-right tendency. The article explores a variety of older and contemporary metaphysical themes that are deployed in contemporary fascism. These include new configurations of racism, occultist ideas of nature and vitalism, the rendering of culture and civilization in ‘biocultural’ and ‘anthropological’ terms, and ideas about cosmic destiny. The article considers how older ideas from Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, Hans Günther, Ludwig Klages, Arnold Gehlen and others are mobilized in contemporary fascism to generate a critique of liberal modernity, one which leads remorselessly to a logic of white supremacy and apocalyptic violence.

scholarly journals Surveying the ‘Far Right’ in Europe: Reflections on Recent Trends and Conceptual Approaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-57
Author(s):  
Paul Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
New Right ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Complex Relationships

Primarily focused on recent trends in Western Europe, this article examines a range of phenomena that fall under the label “far right”. It problematizes this slippery term before surveying recent developments in the diverse range of political parties, from the United Kingdom Independence Party to Jobbik, identifying a broad trend toward such parties achieving greater electoral success by moderating extremist elements. Following this, it highlights the complex relationships found between what are often dubbed “populist” far right political parties and other, more “extreme” forms of activity. Finally, it identifies three major “narratives” found in more extreme far right movements in Europe: neo-Nazi, New Right and anti-Muslim. It asserts that movements animated by such agendas do impact far right political parties. It also stresses academic debate needs to engage with figures outside academia, to create new solutions to the issues raised by variegated forms of far right activity.

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