scholarly journals “How on earth did this happen?” The relationship of practical consciousness and institutional evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 263178772110203
Author(s):  
Jan Goldenstein ◽  
Peter Walgenbach
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Institutional Evolution ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Institutional theory assumes that actors’ reflexivity—their discursive consciousness—is the precondition that enables institutional change. We argue that such focus on discursive consciousness disregards one elementary source of institutional change: practical consciousness—the domain of nonreflective cognitive processes. Our article offers a major contribution to the literature: By elaborating the important difference between discursive consciousness and practical consciousness, we contribute to the theorization of the cognitive apparatus of actors in institutional theory. We apply this theorization to highlight institutional evolution as a previously unnoticed mode of institutional change that explains why, and how, institutions change in a nonreflective way. We also provide implications for the ways in which our work might stimulate future empirical research.

scholarly journals Characteristics of emotional state and cognitive processes in patients with ischemic stroke in acute period

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (24) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Kotsyubinskaya ◽  
A. V. Kazakov ◽  
N. Yu. Safonova
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Anterior Cortex ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Currently, studies aimed at assessing the emotional state and cognitive processes associated with the processing of emotionally determined information in patients with ischemic stroke, as well as finding the relationship between them are particularly relevant, mainly for the subsequent optimization of the therapeutic process. In order to identify the features of the emotional state and cognitive processes, a group of patients with ischemic stroke in the acute period in the amount of 25 people was examined. It was established that in patients with a lesion in the anterior cortex, depressive states in the acute period of stroke are more pronounced. Patients successfully reproduce emotionally significant words in comparison with neutral words; an interrelation between the level of anxiety and depression was found, which indicates that these states are comorbid. But, in turn, the relationship of the severity of anxiety and depression with the cognitive processes of recognition and reproduction, as well as differences in mnestic and gnostic activity in patients with different levels of anxiety and depression were not identified. After the treatment with Semax an improvement was noted.

Aliansi Strategis dan Kinerja Perusahaan: Perspektif Teori Institusional

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Rebi Fara Handika
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory Point ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract   This paper discussed the company's motive to join a strategic alliance from the institutional theory point of view. The theory views that strategic alliances are considered as the medium to acquire legitimation from the environment. Such legitimation then improves the company’s competitive positions and performance. Further, we propose the framework to discuss the relationship between strategic alliances and a company’s performance. The paper proceeds as follows: in the next section, we discuss the institutional theory, the strategic alliance, and firm performance. Afterward, we develop the propositions and discuss the implications for future empirical research.   Abstrak   Artikel ini membahas motif perusahaan untuk bergabung dengan aliansi strategis dari sudut pandang teori institusional. Teori ini memandang bahwa aliansi strategis dianggap sebagai media untuk memperoleh legitimasi dari lingkungan. Legitimasi tersebut kemudian dipercayai akan meningkatkan posisi kompetitif dan kinerja perusahaan. Selanjutnya, kami mengusulkan framework untuk membahas hubungan antara aliansi strategis dan kinerja perusahaan. Artikel ini akan dilanjutkan sebagai berikut: pada bagian berikutnya, kita membahas teori institusional, aliansi strategis, dan kinerja perusahaan. Setelah itu, kami mengembangkan proposisi dan membahas implikasi untuk penelitian empiris di masa depan.

Understanding Statistics Cognition

2017 ◽  
pp. 10-56
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter focuses on understanding the use of and relationship among the features of statistics cognition: literacy, reasoning, and thinking. We argue that research on statistics cognition is fragmented, which is problematic for understanding how these constructs can be unified to support education. We then review methods of quantifying cognitions, involving studies which have attempted to categorize and parse cognitive processes. This information is then used to synthesize a new approach to understanding statistics cognition, proposing a model which makes specific predictions about the relationship of these features. The model and definitions of cognitions presented in this chapter are used as a basis of discussion cognition throughout the remainder of the book.

scholarly journals Age-related decline in executive function as a hallmark of cognitive ageing in primates: an overview of cognitive and neurobiological studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1811) ◽  
pp. 20190618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Lacreuse ◽  
Naftali Raz ◽  
Daniel Schmidtke ◽  
William D. Hopkins ◽  
James G. Herndon
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Cognitive Ageing ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ageing Brain

Executive function (EF) is a complex construct that reflects multiple higher-order cognitive processes such as planning, updating, inhibiting and set-shifting. Decline in these functions is a hallmark of cognitive ageing in humans, and age differences and changes in EF correlate with age-related differences and changes in association cortices, particularly the prefrontal areas. Here, we review evidence for age-related decline in EF and associated neurobiological changes in prosimians, New World and Old World monkeys, apes and humans. While EF declines with age in all primate species studied, the relationship of this decline with age-related alterations in the prefrontal cortex remains unclear, owing to the scarcity of neurobiological studies focusing on the ageing brain in most primate species. In addition, the influence of sex, vascular and metabolic risk, and hormonal status has rarely been considered. We outline several methodological limitations and challenges with the goal of producing a comprehensive integration of cognitive and neurobiological data across species and elucidating how ageing shapes neurocognitive trajectories in primates with different life histories, lifespans and brain architectures. Such comparative investigations are critical for fostering translational research and understanding healthy and pathological ageing in our own species. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolution of the primate ageing process’.

Photographic visions and narrative inquiry

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Inquiry ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Critical Area ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
Counter Narratives ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Visual Methodology

This paper examines the ways in which photographic images can be used in narrative inquiry. After introducing the renewed interest in visual methodology the first section examines the ways in which researchers have utilised the camera or photographic images in research studies that are broadly similar to forms of narrative inquiry such as auto/biography, photographic journals, video diaries and photo-voice. It then draws on the published literature in relation to the author’s own empirical research into everyday photography. Here the extent to which the practices which are part of everyday photography can be seen as forms of story-telling and provide access to both narratives and counter-narratives, are explored. Ideas about memory and identity construction are considered. A critical area of argument centres on the relationship of images to other texts, and asks whether it is possible for photographs to narrate independent of written or oral word. It concludes with some remarks about how photographs can be used in research and as a resource for narrative inquiry. This necessitates a understanding of what it is people do with photographs in everyday life.

Community Lost or Transformed? Urbanization and Social Ties

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine J. Curtis White ◽  
Avery M. Guest
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Frequency Of Contact ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Sociological theorists have generally emphasized the destructive effects of urbanization on social ties through the community lost perspective. A counterview, which we call the community transformed, has begun to emerge on the basis of other theorizing and empirical research. Yet the relationship of urbanization to social ties is still not well understood. In this article, we explore the total number of social ties, the number of kin and nonkin ties, the density or interconnection, and frequency of contact between ties among individuals residing within various U.S. settlement types. The results indicate that urbanization especially encourages the segmentation of social ties by discouraging density or interconnectedness. In addition, urbanization does have noteworthy effects in encouraging exclusively nonkin ties, which are presumably highly voluntaristic. Of the three definitions of urbanization that are tested, we find that metropolitanization is the most efficacious for understanding variations in social ties, especially exclusively nonkin ties.

The Use of Power and Influence in a Gendered World

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda M. Sagrestano
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Influence Strategy ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Power Strategies ◽  
Gender Power ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Power And Influence

A review is presented of empirical research on the effects of gender and power on the use of influence strategies in interpersonal relationships. Several variables are considered, including gender, power, status, relationship of agent to target, and the goal of the influence attempt. Although gender appears to account for some of the findings, power and status are more critical variables in choice of power strategies. Because gender is inextricably linked to power and status, the relationship of gender to influence strategy usage can only be understood in terms of its relationship to power and status.

A Critical Review of Recovered Memories in Psychotherapy: Part I—Trauma and Memory

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Paris
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Recovered Memories ◽  
Repressed Memories ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The theoretical basis of the use of recovered memories in psychotherapy will be critically examined. Method: Literature will be reviewed on the nature of normal memory, and on the relationship of trauma to memory. Results: Normal memories are surprisingly inaccurate. There is little evidence that normal memories can be repressed. There is no evidence that trauma makes repression more likely. Conclusions: “Recovery” of repressed memories is not consistent with the findings of empirical research.

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