Earthquake evacuation simulation of multi-story buildings during earthquakes

2020 ◽  
pp. 875529302095735
Author(s):  
Jun He
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Earthquake Excitation ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Damage Processes ◽  
Random Vibration Analysis

Through combining a network-based pedestrian dynamics simulation model, simplified probabilistic structural damage assessment, and structural random vibration analysis, a fully random evacuation model is proposed for simulating and analyzing earthquake evacuation processes of multi-story buildings during earthquakes. The model simplifies the simulation of three-dimensional pedestrian dynamics, couples the emergency evacuation processes and damage processes of structures, and takes into account the randomness of pedestrian dynamics, structural damage, and earthquake excitation. The model can be used for the fast pre-evaluation or evaluation of the earthquake evacuation capabilities of multi-story buildings. The simulation and analysis of the earthquake evacuation process of a three-story office building, in which a total of 60 persons work in the first and second stories, illustrates the effectiveness and implementation of the proposed model.

scholarly journals Integrated IEW-TOPSIS and Fire Dynamics Simulation for Agent-Based Evacuation Modeling in Industrial Safety

Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Wattana Chanthakhot ◽  
Kasin Ransikarbum
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Impact

Emergency events in the industrial sector have been increasingly reported during the past decade. However, studies that focus on emergency evacuation to improve industrial safety are still scarce. Existing evacuation-related studies also lack a perspective of fire assembly point’s analysis. In this research, location of assembly points is analyzed using the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique based on the integrated information entropy weight (IEW) and techniques for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to support the fire evacuation plan. Next, we propose a novel simulation model that integrates fire dynamics simulation coupled with agent-based evacuation simulation to evaluate the impact of smoke and visibility from fire on evacuee behavior. Factors related to agent and building characteristics are examined for fire perception of evacuees, evacuees with physical disabilities, escape door width, fire location, and occupancy density. Then, the proposed model is applied to a case study of a home appliance factory in Chachoengsao, Thailand. Finally, results for the total evacuation time and the number of remaining occupants are statistically examined to suggest proper evacuation planning.

scholarly journals Application of Extended Lattice Gas Automata Model in Ship Evacuation Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Haoyang Han ◽  
Jundong Zhang ◽  
Ruizheng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Gas ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Movement Behaviour ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Lattice Gas Automata ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Test Scenarios

Lattice gas automaton is a mathematical model that is used to simulate the horizontal uniform evacuation behaviour of a group. However, extended lattice gas automata model is proposed to examine marine evacuation behaviour, which is subject to deck heeling. The application of distance accumulation algorithm and the conversion probability mostly make the extended model, while the approach deals with the most complicated ship evacuation. Moreover, the suggested model is expected to enhance the safety and efficiency of evacuation. The distance accumulation lattice gas automata model considers multiple movement behaviours, flow density, deck heeling, counterflow, and congestion. Movement behaviour will be severely affected in deck heeling process where people may walk normally, walk while bent over, or crawl. To verify the proposed model, 11 test scenarios and several emergency evacuation scenarios are demonstrated. The simulation results explain the validity of another experimental model. The number of people in counterflow, deck heeling, and difference in movement have a direct effect on evacuation, which is as discussed in results. This research article provides a brief study on ship design and crew response behaviour in case of mishap/accident.

scholarly journals Emergency Evacuation Simulation and Optimization for a Complex Rail Transit Station: A Perspective of Promoting Transportation Safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xu ◽  
Cheng Tian ◽  
Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Emergency Evacuations ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Transit Station ◽  
Evacuation Routes

Rail transit stations with multifloor structures have been built in many cities to intensively utilize land resources and facilitate lives of community. However, being overcrowded with passengers results in high risks during daily operation. In response, this study conducted an emergency evacuation simulation and optimization in the three-dimensional (3D) space of “complex rail transit stations” (CRTSs). The aim of the paper is to provide a methodology to determine effective emergency evacuation strategies for CRTSs. The Lianglukou Rail Transit Station in Chongqing, China, was used as a case study and the AnyLogic simulation platform employed for simulating emergency evacuations. An emergency evacuation theoretical framework was established. The emergency evacuation strategies, including evacuation routes and evacuation times, were determined based on the theoretical demonstration. Simulation and optimization of emergency evacuation in the Lianglukou station were conducted. Accordingly, four main simulation results were obtained: (1) Escalators/stairs and turnstiles are key facilities in the evacuation; (2) Effective guidance for the evacuation is necessary in the public space of the station; (3) Passenger aggregation nodes should be guided for balanced evacuation; (4) Removing metal barriers is a useful evacuation optimization measure. The proposed research method and framework can be used by other CRTSs in the establishment of emergency evacuation strategies and effective optimization strategies to promote safety of transportation system. The research findings are beneficial to passengers in helping them provide valuable emergency evacuation guidance.

scholarly journals Mainshock-Integrated Aftershock Vulnerability Assessment of Bridge Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6843
Author(s):  
Xuan Guo ◽  
Zheyu Zhang ◽  
ZhiQiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Earthquake Excitation ◽  
Fragility Function ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Bridge Structures ◽  
Engineered Structures ◽  
Bridge Performance ◽  
Bridge System

Seismic fragility analysis is often conducted to quantify the vulnerability of civil structures under earthquake excitation. In recent years, besides mainshocks, strong aftershocks have been often witnessed to induce structural damage to engineered structures, including bridges. How to accurately and straightforwardly quantify the vulnerability of bridges due to sequential mainshocks and aftershocks is essential for an efficient assessment of bridge performance. While recognizing the limitation of existing methods, this paper proposes a mainshock integrated aftershock fragility function model, which empirically encodes the effects of mainshocks and retains the simple form of traditional fragility curves. A pile foundation-supported bridge system is modeled considering seismic soil-structure interaction to demonstrate the proposed fragility model. Numerical examples show that the resulting fragility curves incorporate the initial value for the probability of collapse of the bridge system due to a mainshock and the effects of the variable aftershocks conditional on the mainshock. Statistical analysis confirms that the proposed model fits the simulated vulnerability data (e.g., seismic intensities of aftershocks and the response demands conditional a select mainshock ground motion) both accurately and robustly.

scholarly journals Lane Departure Warning Estimation Using Yaw Acceleration

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Em Poh Ping ◽  
J. Hossen ◽  
Wong Eng Kiong
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Lane Departure Warning ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Lane Departure ◽  
Proposed Model

AbstractLane departure collisions have contributed to the traffic accidents that cause millions of injuries and tens of thousands of casualties per year worldwide. Due to vision-based lane departure warning limitation from environmental conditions that affecting system performance, a model-based vehicle dynamics framework is proposed for estimating the lane departure event by using vehicle dynamics responses. The model-based vehicle dynamics framework mainly consists of a mathematical representation of 9-degree of freedom system, which permitted to pitch, roll, and yaw as well as to move in lateral and longitudinal directions with each tire allowed to rotate on its axle axis. The proposed model-based vehicle dynamics framework is created with a ride model, Calspan tire model, handling model, slip angle, and longitudinal slip subsystems. The vehicle speed and steering wheel angle datasets are used as the input in vehicle dynamics simulation for predicting lane departure event. Among the simulated vehicle dynamic responses, the yaw acceleration response is observed to provide earlier insight in predicting the future lane departure event compared to other vehicle dynamics responses. The proposed model-based vehicle dynamics framework had shown the effectiveness in estimating lane departure using steering wheel angle and vehicle speed inputs.

Study on the generalized k-Hilfer–Prabhakar fractional viscoelastic–plastic model

2021 ◽  
pp. 108128652110258
Author(s):  
Yi-Ying Feng ◽  
Xiao-Jun Yang ◽  
Jian-Gen Liu ◽  
Zhan-Qing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Creep Process ◽  
Fractional Operator ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Accelerated Creep ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Classical Models

The general fractional operator shows its great predominance in the construction of constitutive model owing to its agility in choosing the embedded parameters. A generalized fractional viscoelastic–plastic constitutive model with the sense of the k-Hilfer–Prabhakar ( k-H-P) fractional operator, which has the character recovering the known classical models from the proposed model, is established in this article. In order to describe the damage in the creep process, a time-varying elastic element [Formula: see text] is used in the proposed model with better representation of accelerated creep stage. According to the theory of the kinematics of deformation and the Laplace transform, the creep constitutive equation and the strain of the modified model are established and obtained. The validity and rationality of the proposed model are identified by fitting with the experimental data. Finally, the influences of the fractional derivative order [Formula: see text] and parameter k on the creep process are investigated through the sensitivity analyses with two- and three-dimensional plots.

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of High Energy Cascades in Iron

1994 ◽  
Vol 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger E. Stoller
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Method Of Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Energy Cascades ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
The Many ◽  
Property Changes ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

AbstractA series of high-energy, up to 20 keV, displacement cascades in iron have been investigated for times up to 200 ps at 100 K using the method of molecular dynamics simulation. Thesimulations were carried out using the MOLDY code and a modified version of the many-bodyinteratomic potential developed by Finnis and Sinclair. The paper focuses on those results obtained at the highest energies, 10 and 20 keV. The results indicate that the fraction of the Frenkel pairs surviving in-cascade recombination remains fairly high in iron and that the fraction of the surviving point defects that cluster is lower than in materials such as copper. In particular, vacancy clustering appears to be inhibited in iron. Some of the interstitial clusters were observed to exhibit an unexpectedly complex, three-dimensional morphology. The observations are discussed in terms of their relevance to microstructural evolution and mechanical property changes in irradiated iron-based alloys.

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