C-O-H-N fluid inclusions associated with gold-stibnite mineralization in low-grade metamorphic rocks, Mari Rosa mine, Caceres, Spain

1991 ◽  
Vol 55 (379) ◽  
pp. 235-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ortega ◽  
E. Vindel ◽  
C. Beny
Keyword(s):  
Black Shales ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Type I ◽  
Homogeneous Fluid ◽  
Quartz Veins ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Deformation Event ◽  
Rich Mixtures ◽  
Main Deformation

AbstractThe Mari Rosa mine lies within a low-grade Precambrian alternating series of black shales and metagreywackes in the Spanish Hercynian massif. There are two generations of mineralized veins: V2, gold-(stibnite)-bearing quartz veins, parallel to the main cleavage, and V3, stibnite-bearing quartz veins which postdate the main deformation event.Four main types of inclusions have been identified. Type I, II and IV are aqueous-carbonaceous inclusions, with variable degrees of filling, while type III are non-aqueous and typically single-phase at room temperature. Except for type I (absent in V3), similar inclusions have been observed in both V2 and V3 veins. Gas compositions are always characterised by CH4-N2-CO2 assemblages, ranging from CO2-rich mixtures in the earliest inclusions (type I), to N2-rich mixtures in the latest inclusions (type IV).Gold precipitation in V2 veins can be related to type I inclusions at T > 380°C (TH = 300–380°C). A subsequent drop in XCO2 and cooling are recorded in type II and III inclusions, interpreted to be the result of unmixing of a previously homogeneous fluid derived from type I. This boiling would provoke the precipitation of stibnite at 300°C and 1 kbar. The type IV inclusions, which are the richest in H2O, represent a late fluid circulation at lower temperatures (TH = 190–280°C).

A new technique in neutron activation analysis of Na/K ratios of fluid inclusions and its application to the gold–quartz veins at the O'Brien mine, Quebec, Canada

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 2760-2770 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Krupka ◽  
H. Ohmoto ◽  
F. E. Wickman
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Quartz Veins ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
A New Technique

A new analytical technique which employs hydrated antimony pentoxide to selectively remove Na from Na–K–Cl mixed fluids was successfully tested. With this technique, the uncertainty in the K determination of inclusion fluids by neutron activation analyses can be reduced to less than ± 10% compared to greater than ± 20% uncertainty which is typical in the conventional techniques.Na/K ratios of fluid inclusions in 14 quartz samples from gold–quartz veins at the O'Brien mine. Quebec, Canada were determined using this technique. The Na/K atomic ratio of the samples ranges from 0.9 ± 0.1 to 24.3 ± 3.9. Optical examinations of the fluid inclusions indicate that the variation in the Na/K ratios is caused by the presence of varying proportions of four different types of fluid inclusions: type I (pregold mineralization fluids: CO2 rich), type II (gold mineralizing fluids showing evidence of boiling at temperatures of 380°–300 °C), type III (postgold mineralization fluids; vapor – liquid two phase inclusions), and type IV (postgold mineralization fluids; halite bearing), Type II fluid inclusions appear to have Na/K atomic ratios of approximately 1.0, while type IV inclusions show Na/K ratios of over 24.

scholarly journals Study on Optimum IUPAC Adsorption Isotherm Models Employing Sensitivity of Parameters for Rigorous Adsorption System Performance Evaluation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7478
Author(s):  
Md. Matiar Rahman ◽  
Abu Zar Shafiullah ◽  
Animesh Pal ◽  
Md. Amirul Islam ◽  
Israt Jahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Isotherm Model ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Significant Difference

Adsorption cooling technologies driven by low-grade thermal or solar power are used as an energy-efficient alternative to conventional refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Explicit understanding of the adsorption cycles requires precise determination of the performance parameters, replication of the experimental data, and the rigorous study of the adsorption heat transformation method. Hence, the optimum adsorption isotherms model must be identified. Scientists often face difficulties in selecting the suitable isotherm model as there are many models for a particular form of adsorption isotherm. The present study introduces a novel approach for choosing the optimal models for each type of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) classified adsorption isotherm using robust statistical methods. First, the box-and-whisker plots of error identification are employed. Tóth for Type-I(a) and Type-I(b), modified BET for Type-II, GAB for Type-III, Universal for Type-IV(a), and Type-IV(b), Sun Chakrabarty for Type-V, and Yahia et al. for Type-VI were found lower than the other candidate models in box-and-whisker plot. The optimality of our selected models was further verified using analysis of variance (ANOVA), pairwise Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) test, Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum test, and pairwise Wilcoxon rank-sum test. In short, rigorous statistical analysis was performed to identify the best model for each type of isotherm by minimizing error. Moreover, specific cooling effect (SCE) of Maxsorb III/ethanol and silica gel/water pairs were determined. Results showed that Tóth is the optimal isotherm model for the studied pairs, and the SCE values obtained from the model agree well with experimental data. The optimum isotherm model is indispensable for the precise designing of the next generation adsorption cooling cycles.

Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

W04.137 Low grade inflammation in juvenile obesity and type I diabetes associated with preatherosclerosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
H. Hubmann ◽  
S. Pilz ◽  
M. Borkenstein ◽  
W. März ◽  
L. Stroedter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Type I ◽  
Juvenile Obesity ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

scholarly journals Virulence Factors Found in Nasal Colonization and Infection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates and Their Ability to Form a Biofilm

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Thamiris Santana Machado ◽  
Felipe Ramos Pinheiro ◽  
Lialyz Soares Pereira Andre ◽  
Renata Freire Alves Pereira ◽  
Reginaldo Fernandes Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Type I ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Spa Gene ◽  
The City

Hospitalizations related to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequent, increasing mortality and health costs. In this way, this study aimed to compare the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of MRSA isolates that colonize and infect patients seen at two hospitals in the city of Niterói—Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 147 samples collected between March 2013 and December 2015 were phenotyped and genotyped to identify the protein A (SPA) gene, the mec staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec), mecA, Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL), icaC, icaR, ACME, and hla virulence genes. The strength of biofilm formation has also been exploited. The prevalence of SCCmec type IV (77.1%) was observed in the colonization group; however, in the invasive infection group, SCCmec type II was prevalent (62.9%). The Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), ST5/ST30, and ST5/ST239 analyses were the most frequent clones in colonization, and invasive infection isolates, respectively. Among the isolates selected to assess the ability to form a biofilm, 51.06% were classified as strong biofilm builders. Surprisingly, we observed that isolates other than the Brazilian Epidemic Clone (BEC) have appeared in Brazilian hospitals. The virulence profile has changed among these isolates since the ACME type I and II genes were also identified in this collection.

scholarly journals Distribution of virulence genes and SCCmec types among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of clinical and environmental origin: a study from community of Assam, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepshikha Bhowmik ◽  
Shiela Chetri ◽  
Bhaskar Jyoti Das ◽  
Debadatta Dhar Chanda ◽  
Amitabha Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Type I ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Clinical Community ◽  
Type V ◽  
Sccmec Types

Abstract Objective This study was designed to discover the dissemination of virulence genes in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clinical, community and environmental settings. Results This study includes 1165 isolates collected from hospital, community and environmental settings. Among them sixty three were confirmed as MRSA with varied SCCmec types viz; type I, type II, type III, type IV, type V, type VI, type VII, type VIII and type XII. The virulence gene such as sea (n = 54), seb (n = 21), eta (n = 27), etb (n = 2), cna (n = 24), ica (n = 2) and tst (n = 30) was also revealed from this study. The study underscores coexistence of resistance cassette and virulence genes among clinical and environment isolates which is first of its kind from this part of the world.

scholarly journals Brachial supporting structure of Spiriferida (Brachiopoda)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Yuan ◽  
Wen Guo ◽  
Dan Lyu ◽  
Yuanlin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Feeding Apparatus ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Supporting Structure ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages

Abstract The filter-feeding organ of some extinct brachiopods is supported by a skeletal apparatus called the brachidium. Although relatively well studied in Atrypida and Athyridida, the brachidial morphology is usually neglected in Spiriferida. To investigate the variations of brachidial morphology in Spiriferida, 65 species belonging to eight superfamilies were analyzed. Based on the presence/absence of the jugal processes and normal/modified primary lamellae of the spiralia, four types of brachidium are recognized. Type-I (with jugal processes) and Type-II (without jugal processes), both having normal primary lamellae, could give rise to each other by losing/re-evolving the jugal processes. Type-III, without jugal processes, originated from Type-II through evolution of the modified lateral-convex primary lamellae, and it subsequently gave rise to Type-IV by evolving the modified medial-convex primary lamellae. The evolution of brachidia within individual evolutionary lineages must be clarified because two or more types can be present within a single family. Type-III and Type-IV are closely associated with the prolongation of the crura, representing innovative modifications of the feeding apparatus in response to possible shift in the position of the mouth towards the anterior, allowing for more efficient feeding on particles entering the mantle cavity from the anterior gape. Meanwhile, the modified primary lamellae adjusted/regulated the feeding currents. The absence of spires in some taxa with Type-IV brachidium might suggest that they developed a similar lophophore to that in some extant brachiopods, which can extend out of the shell.

scholarly journals Patterns and Relevance of Langerhans Islet Invasion in Pancreatic Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Ruediger Goess ◽  
Ayse Ceren Mutgan ◽  
Umut Çalışan ◽  
Yusuf Ceyhun Erdoğan ◽  
Lei Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Human Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Background: Pancreatic cancer‐associated diabetes mellitus (PC‐DM) is present in most patients with pancreatic cancer, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to characterize tumor infiltration in Langerhans islets in pancreatic cancer and determine its clinical relevance. Methods: Langerhans islet invasion was systematically analyzed in 68 patientswith pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) using histopathological examination and 3D in vitro migration assays were performed to assess chemoattraction of pancreatic cancer cells to isletcells. Results: Langerhans islet invasion was present in all patients. We found four different patterns of islet invasion: (Type I) peri‐insular invasion with tumor cells directly touching the boundary, but not penetrating the islet; (Type II) endo‐insular invasion with tumor cells inside the round islet; (Type III) distorted islet structure with complete loss of the round islet morphology; and (Type IV)adjacent cancer and islet cells with solitary islet cells encountered adjacent to cancer cells. Pancreatic cancer cells did not exhibit any chemoattraction to islet cells in 3D assays in vitro. Further, there was no clinical correlation of islet invasion using the novel Islet Invasion Severity Score (IISS), which includes all invasion patterns with the occurrence of diabetes mellitus. However, Type IV islet invasion was related to worsened overall survival in our cohort. Conclusions: We systematically analyzed, for the first time, islet invasion in human pancreatic cancer. Four different main patterns of islet invasion were identified. Diabetes mellitus was not related to islet invasion. However, moreresearch on this prevailing feature of pancreatic cancer is needed to better understand underlying principles.

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