scholarly journals Contemporary Clinical Management and Course of ACUTE Pulmonary Embolism: The COPE Study

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3230-3230
Author(s):  
Cecilia Becattini ◽  
Giancarlo Agnelli ◽  
Aldo P Maggioni ◽  
Francesco Dentali ◽  
Andrea Fabbri ◽  
...  

Abstract Background. New management strategies, risk stratification procedures and treatments have become available over the last years for patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE), leading to changes in clinical practice and potentially influencing patient's course and outcome. Methods: The COntemporary management of Pulmonary Embolism (COPE) is an academical prospective, non-interventional, multicentre study in patients with confirmed acute symptomatic PE. In-hospital and 30-day mortality were the co-primary study outcomes. At first evaluation, patients were categorized at low-risk (simplified PESI [sPESI]=0), intermediate-risk (further classified based presence/absence of increased levels and right ventricle dysfunction [RVD] at echocardiography) and high-risk (shock or cardiac arrest). Results. Among 5213 study patients, PE was confirmed by computed tomography in 96.3% and at least one test for risk stratification was obtained in more than 80% (81% echocardiography, 83% troponin, 56% brain natriuretic peptide/NT-pro BNP). Among 4885 patients entering the Emergency Department for acute PE, 1.2% were managed as outpatients and 5.8% by short-observation. In-hospital, 289 patients underwent reperfusion (5.5%); at discharge, 6.7% received a vitamin K antagonist and 75.6% a direct oral anticoagulant. Median duration of hospitalization was 7 days (IQR 5-12 days). Overall in-hospital mortality was 3.4% (49% due to PE, 16% cancer and 4.5% major bleeding) and 30-day mortality 4.8% (36% PE, 28% cancer and 4% major bleeding). In-hospital major bleeding was 2.6%. Death at 30 days occurred in 22.6% of 177 high-risk patients, in 6% of the 3281 intermediate-risk and in 0.5% of 1702 low-risk patients. Time to death at 30 days in patients at low, intermediate and high risk for death is reported in the Figure. Conclusions: COPE is the largest ever cohort of patients with acute PE. In this contemporary scenario, the majority of patients received CT for diagnosis, at least one test for risk stratification and direct oral anticoagulants as long-term treatment. Short term death remains not negligible in patients with high and intermediate-risk PE. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Becattini: Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria; Bayer HealthCare: Honoraria. Agnelli: Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria; Bayer HealthCare: Honoraria. Dentali: Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria; Bayer: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Boehringer: Honoraria; Alfa Sigma: Honoraria.

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (05) ◽  
pp. 756-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Janjua ◽  
Aaref Badshah ◽  
Fadi Matta ◽  
Liviu G. Danescu ◽  
Abdo Y. Yaekoub ◽  
...  

SummaryThe purpose of this systematic review is to test the hypothesis that carefully selected low-risk patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) can safely be treated entirely as outpatients or after early hospital discharge.Included articles were required to describe inclusion or exclusion criteria and outcome of patients treated for PE.Early hospital discharge was defined as an average hospital stay ≤3 days.Six investigations included patients with PE who were treated entirely as outpatients; two investigations included patients with PE who were treated after early discharge. All investigations included only low-risk patients or patients with small or medium sized PE. Outcome after 3-46 months in patients treated entirely as outpatients showed recurrent PE in 0% to 6.2% of patients, major bleeding in 0% to 2.8% with one death from an intracerebral bleed. Definite death from PE did not occur, but there was one possible death from PE. Outcome in three months in patients treated after early discharge showed no instances of recurrent PE. Major bleeding occurred in 0% to 3.7% of patients.There were no deaths from PE, but there was one death from bleeding. In conclusion, outpatient therapy of acute PE is probably safe in low-risk,carefully selected compliant patients who have access to outpatient care if necessary. Such outpatient treatment would be cost-effective.


2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Becattini ◽  
Giancarlo Agnelli ◽  
Mareike Lankeit ◽  
Luca Masotti ◽  
Piotr Pruszczyk ◽  
...  

The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) has proposed an updated risk stratification model for death in patients with acute pulmonary embolism based on clinical scores (Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) or simplified PESI (sPESI)), right ventricle dysfunction (RVD) and elevated serum troponin (2014 ESC model).We assessed the ability of the 2014 ESC model to predict 30-day death after acute pulmonary embolism. Consecutive patients with symptomatic, confirmed pulmonary embolism included in prospective cohorts were merged in a collaborative database. Patients’ risk was classified as high (shock or hypotension), intermediate-high (RVD and elevated troponin), intermediate-low (RVD or increased troponin or none) and low (sPESI 0). Study outcomes were death and pulmonary embolism-related death at 30 days.Among 906 patients (mean±sd age 68±16, 489 females), death and pulmonary embolism-related death occurred in 7.2% and 4.1%, respectively. Death rate was 22% in “high-risk” (95% CI 14.0–29.8), 7.7% in “intermediate-high-risk” (95% CI 4.5–10.9) and 6.0% in “intermediate-low-risk” patients (95% CI 3.4–8.6). One of the 196 “low-risk” patients died (0.5%, 95% CI 0–1.0; negative predictive value 99.5%).By using the 2014 ESC model, RVD or troponin tests would be avoided in about 20% of patients (sPESI 0), preserving a high negative predictive value. Risk stratification in patients at intermediate risk requires further improvement.


2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Önsel Öner ◽  
Figen Deveci ◽  
Selda Telo ◽  
Mutlu Kuluöztürk ◽  
Mehmet Balin

Summary Background The aim of this study was to determine levels of Mid-regional Pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) and Mid-regional Pro-atrial Natriuretic Peptide (MR-proANP) in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE), the relationship between these parameters and the risk classification in addition to determining the relationship between 1- and 3-month mortality. Methods 82 PE patients and 50 healthy control subjects were included in the study. Blood samples for MR-proANP and MR-proADM were obtained from the subjects prior to the treatment. Risk stratification was determined according to sPESI (Simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index). Following these initial measurements, cases with PE were assessed in terms of all causative and PE related mortalities. Results The mean serum MR-proANP and MR-proADM levels in acute PE patients were found to be statistically higher compared to the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.01; respectively) and statistically significantly higher in high-risk patients than low-risk patients (p < 0.01, p < 0.05; respectively). No statistical difference was determined in high-risk patients in case of sPESI compared to low-risk patients while hospital mortality rates were higher. It was determined that the hospital mortality rate in cases with MR-proANP ≥ 123.30 pmol/L and the total 3-month mortality rate in cases with MR-proADM ≥ 152.2 pg/mL showed a statistically significant increase. Conclusions This study showed that MR-proANP and MR-proADM may be an important biochemical marker for determining high-risk cases and predicting the mortality in PE patients and we believe that these results should be supported by further and extensive studies.


Author(s):  
Cecilia Becattini ◽  
Giancarlo Agnelli ◽  
Aldo Pietro Maggioni ◽  
Francesco Dentali ◽  
Andrea Fabbri ◽  
...  

Abstract Background New management, risk stratification and treatment strategies have become available over the last years for patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE), potentially leading to changes in clinical practice and improvement of patients’ outcome. Methods The COntemporary management of Pulmonary Embolism (COPE) is a prospective, non-interventional, multicentre study in patients with acute PE evaluated at internal medicine, cardiology and emergency departments in Italy. The aim of the COPE study is to assess contemporary management strategies in patients with acute, symptomatic, objectively confirmed PE concerning diagnosis, risk stratification, hospitalization and treatment and to assess rates and predictors of in-hospital and 30-day mortality. The composite of death (either overall or PE-related) or clinical deterioration at 30 days from the diagnosis of PE, major bleeding occurring in hospital and up to 30 days from the diagnosis of PE and adherence to guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) are secondary study outcomes. Participation in controlled trials on the management of acute PE is the only exclusion criteria. Expecting a 10–15%, 3% and 0.5% incidence of death for patients with high, intermediate or low-risk PE, respectively, it is estimated that 400 patients with high, 2100 patients with intermediate and 2500 with low-risk PE should be included in the study. This will allow to have about 100 deaths in study patients and will empower assessment of independent predictors of death. Conclusions COPE will provide contemporary data on in-hospital and 30-day mortality of patients with documented PE as well as information on guidelines adherence and its impact on clinical outcomes. Trail registration NCT number: NCT03631810.


2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Becattini ◽  
L A Cimini ◽  
M Lankeit ◽  
P Pruszczyk ◽  
S Vanni ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Whether early oral anticoagulant treatment is appropriate for patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) regardless of PE severity is undefined. The aim of this study in patients with acute PE at intermediate risk of death were: I) to assess the determinants for the use of early vs delayed vs no oral anticoagulants in patients with acute PE and II) to assess the association between timing of oral anticoagulation and in-hospital mortality. Methods Prospective cohorts of patients with acute PE at intermediate risk of death according to the European Society of Cardiology Guidelines 2014 were merged in a collaborative database. The initiation of oral anticoagulation was classified as early (≤3 days) or delayed (between day 3 and 10 from diagnosis). Patients treated with parenteral anticoagulants for longer than 10 days were also included. In-hospital death was the primary study outcome. Results Overall, 557 patients were included in the study, 23 received thrombolytic treatment during the hospital stay. The mean duration of parenteral anticoagulation was 7±8 days (5 median), 348 patients were initiated on a direct oral anticoagulant and 79 on a vitamin K antagonist during the hospital stay. Initiation of oral anticoagulants occurred early or delayed in 209 (37%) and 218 (39%) patients, respectively and never occurred during the first 30 days in 130 (23%). Intermediate-low risk patients more commonly received early and intermediate high delayed oral anticoagulation. Simplified PESI score of zero (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–2.7) was independently associated with early oral anticoagulation; among sPESI components absence of cancer (OR 5.9, 95% CI 3.3–10) and heart rate <110 (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.01–3.16) were independent predictors of early initiation of oral anticoagulants. The presence of both right ventricle dysfunction and injury was associated with delayed initiation of oral anticoagulants. The incidence of death was 5.5%. Death occurred in 32 patients and was not related to the duration of parenteral anticoagulation (OR 1.01 per day, 95% CI 0.98–1.06) nor to right ventricle dysfunction but to sPESI 1 (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.14–9.66). These results were partially confirmed in the 435 intermediate risk patients without cancer (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.99–1.08 for days of parenteral treatment; OR 4.17, 95% CI 0.95–18 for sPESI 1). Conclusion The clinical severity of PE and not the timing of initiation of oral anticoagulants are associated with in-hospital death in patients with intermediate risk PE. Randomized studies are needed to definitively assess the role of heparin lead-in in patients with PE at intermediate risk for death.


2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1170-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Hobohm ◽  
Kristian Hellenkamp ◽  
Gerd Hasenfuß ◽  
Thomas Münzel ◽  
Stavros Konstantinides ◽  
...  

We compared the prognostic performance of the 2014 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) risk stratification algorithm with the previous 2008 ESC algorithm, the Bova score and the modified FAST score (based on a positive heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) test, syncope and tachycardia, modified using high-sensitivity troponin T instead of H-FABP) in 388 normotensive pulmonary embolism patients included in a single-centre cohort study.Overall, 25 patients (6.4%) had an adverse 30-day outcome. Regardless of the score or algorithm used, the rate of an adverse outcome was highest in the intermediate-high-risk classes, while all patients classified as low-risk had a favourable outcome (no pulmonary embolism-related deaths, 0–1.4% adverse outcome). The area under the curve for predicting an adverse outcome was higher for the 2014 ESC algorithm (0.76, 95% CI 0.68–0.84) compared with the 2008 ESC algorithm (0.65, 95% CI 0.56–0.73) and highest for the modified FAST score (0.82, 95% CI 0.75–0.89). Patients classified as intermediate-high-risk by the 2014 ESC algorithm had a 8.9-fold increased risk for an adverse outcome (3.2–24.2, p<0.001 compared with intermediate-low- and low-risk patients), while the highest OR was observed for a modified FAST score ≥3 points (OR 15.9, 95% CI 5.3–47.6, p<0.001).The 2014 ESC algorithm improves risk stratification of not-high-risk pulmonary embolism compared with the 2008 ESC algorithm. All scores and algorithms accurately identified low-risk patients, while the modified FAST score appears more suitable to identify intermediate-high-risk patients.


Author(s):  
Tatiana Cuzor ◽  
◽  
Nadejda Diaconu ◽  

Pulmonary thromboembolism (TP) remains an underdiagnosed fatal disease at the emergency unit that suggests the need for alternative noninvasive approaches to rapid diagnosis. The role of echocardiography in acute pulmonary embolism (EP) remains incompletely defined. Echocardiography cannot reliably diagnose acute EP and does not improve the prognosis of patients with low-risk acute PE, who lack other clinical characteristics of right ventricle dysfunction (VD). However, echocardiography and dopplerography of the venous system may produce additional information in high-risk patients and may help differentiate chronic VD dysfunction. Specific echocardiographic predictors of VD dysfunction have the potential to increase prognosis in patients at high risk of TP.


Critical Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Chopard ◽  
David Jimenez ◽  
Guillaume Serzian ◽  
Fiona Ecarnot ◽  
Nicolas Falvo ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Renal dysfunction influences outcomes after pulmonary embolism (PE). We aimed to determine the incremental value of adding renal dysfunction, defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), on top of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) prognostic model, for the prediction of 30-day mortality in acute PE patients, which in turn could lead to the optimization of acute PE management. Methods We performed a multicenter, non-interventional retrospective post hoc analysis based on a prospectively collected cohort including consecutive confirmed acute PE stratified per ESC guidelines. We first identified which of three eGFR formulae most accurately predicted death. Changes in global model fit, discrimination, calibration and reclassification parameters were evaluated with the addition of eGFR to the prognostic model. Results Among 1943 patients (mean age 67.3 (17.1), 50.4% women), 107 (5.5%) had died at 30 days. The 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (eGFRMDRD4) formula predicted death most accurately. In total, 477 patients (24.5%) had eGFRMDRD4 < 60 ml/min. Observed mortality was higher for intermediate–low-risk and high-risk PE in patients with versus without renal dysfunction. The addition of eGFRMDRD4 information improved model fit, discriminatory capacity, and calibration of the ESC model. Reclassification parameters were significantly increased, yielding 18% reclassification of predicted mortality (p < 0.001). Predicted mortality reclassifications across risk categories were as follows: 63.1% from intermediate–low risk to eGFR-defined intermediate–high risk, 15.8% from intermediate–high risk to eGFR-defined intermediate–low risk, and 21.0% from intermediate–high risk to eGFR-defined high risk. External validation in a cohort of 14,234 eligible patients from the RIETE registry confirmed our findings with a significant improvement of Harrell’s C index and reclassification parameters. Conclusion The addition of eGFRMDRD4-derived renal dysfunction on top of the prognostic algorithm led to risk reclassification within the intermediate- and high-risk PE categories. The impact of risk stratification integrating renal dysfunction on therapeutic management for acute PE requires further studies.


Author(s):  
Yaser Jenab ◽  
Ali-Mohammad Haji-Zeinali ◽  
Mohammad Javad Alemzadeh-Ansari ◽  
Shapour Shirani ◽  
Mojtaba Salarifar ◽  
...  

Background: In patients with heart failure, elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a prognostic factor. In this study, we investigated the prognostic value of elevated baseline BUN in short-term mortality among patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, cardiac biomarkers and BUN levels were measured in patients with acute PE. The primary endpoint was 30-day mortality, evaluated based on the baseline BUN (≥14 ng/L) level in 4 groups of patients according to the European Society of Cardiology’s risk stratification (low-risk, intermediate low-risk, intermediate high-risk, and high-risk). Results: Our study recruited 492 patients with a diagnosis of acute PE (mean age=60.58±16.81 y). The overall 1-month mortality rate was 6.9% (34 patients). Elevated BUN levels were reported in 316 (64.2%) patients. A high simplified pulmonary embolism severity index (sPESI) score (OR: 5.23, 95% CI: 1.43–19.11; P=0.012), thrombolytic or thrombectomy therapy (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.01–5.13; P=0.021), and elevated baseline BUN levels (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.03; P=0.029) were the independent predictors of 30-day mortality. According to our receiver-operating characteristics analysis for 30-day mortality, a baseline BUN level of greater than 14.8 mg/dL was considered elevated. In the intermediate-low-risk patients, mortality occurred only in those with elevated baseline BUN levels (7.2% vs. 0; P=0.008). Conclusion: An elevated baseline BUN level in our patients with PE was an independent predictor of short-term mortality, especially among those in the intermediate-risk group.


Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 4728-4728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arabesque Parker ◽  
Erica A. Peterson ◽  
Agnes Y. Y. Lee ◽  
Carine de Wit ◽  
Marc Carrier ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction: No method of venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk stratification exists for hospitalized cancer patients. The Khorana score is a validated tool in outpatients with cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the Khorana score for predicting development of VTE in cancer patients during admission to hospital. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data collected from healthcare records of consecutive, medically-ill cancer patients hospitalized between January and June 2010 in 3 academic medical centers in Canada. Objectively diagnosed symptomatic VTE during hospitalization, anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis (TP), and Khorana score variables were collected for every patient. Patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation at admission, and those with incomplete data were excluded. The risk of VTE based on Khorana score category was evaluated using logistic regression. Continuous data were compared using a Student's t-test and expressed using the means and standard deviations. Categorical data were compared using the Pearson Chi-square test and were expressed as percentages. Statistical significance was defined as alpha less than 0.05. Results: 1398 patients were included. Mean age was 61.6 years, 51.2% were male, and mean BMI was 25.9 kg/m2. The most frequent tumor types were non-small cell lung carcinoma (12.7%) followed by lymphoma (10.9%). The median length of stay was 6 days (range 0-114 days). The most frequent reasons for hospitalization were chemotherapy (22.3%) followed by pain and palliation (21.4%). 34.5% received anticoagulant TP (n = 483/1398). The incidence of VTE was 2.9% (41/1398) overall, 5.4% (9/166) in high, 3.2% (26/817) in moderate, and 1.4% (6/415) in low Khorana score risk groups. High risk patients were significantly more likely than low risk patients to have VTE (p=0.016; OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.4-11.2). There was no difference in VTE incidence between patients who received anticoagulant TP and those who did not (3.5% vs 2.6%, p = 0.345). Patients with high risk Khorana score were more likely to receive anticoagulant TP than those with low risk Khorana score (46.4% vs. 23.9%, p <0.001, OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.9-4.0). Total incidence of major bleeding was 1.8% (25/1398). There was no difference in major bleeding between patients who received anticoagulant TP and those who did not (1.7% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.787). Conclusion: The Khorana score is predictive of VTE development in cancer patients who are hospitalized for medical illness and may be a useful tool for tailoring inpatient anticoagulant prophylaxis. Disclosures Lee: LEO: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bayer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol Myers-Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria. Carrier:BMS: Research Funding; Leo Pharma: Research Funding. Wu:Pfizer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Leo Pharma: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau.


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