Optimum Storage Condition of Cord Blood before Cryopreservation.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1902-1902
Author(s):  
Anja Moldenhauer ◽  
Juliane Wolf ◽  
Gudrun Habermann ◽  
Gesche Genter ◽  
Lisa Selders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Apoptosis Rate ◽  
Cd34 Cells

Abstract Purpose. Different opinions regarding the storage conditions of cord blood before cryopreservation exist. Most experts recommend the storage at room temperature and the cyropreservation within the first 24 hours after delivery of the baby. However, the optimum storage temperature is unknown. Methods. Cord blood units (n=46) were stored for 24, 48 and 72 hours at room temperature (RT) and 4°C. After storage, CD34(+) cells were isolated and analyzed for their cell count, flow cytometry profile, apoptosis rate, colony-forming capacity by methylcellulose assays, and transmigration capacity in response to stroma-derived factor 1. If possible, a direct-paired comparison was performed (n=15). Results. The cell count of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was generally 10fold higher in cord blood units stored at RT than in cord blood units stored at 4°C, leading to a 10fold higher number of isolated CD34(+) cells. There was no difference in the frequency of CD34(+) cells after immunomagnetic isolation (>95%) or in the frequency of CD133(+) and CD45(+) cells. At 48 hours, the apoptosis rate was lower at RT than at 4°C (37.7±7.4 vs 49.9±4.2%). The plating efficiencies (PE) were highest after the units had been stored for 48 hours (RT 14.7±3.6%, 4°C 16.3±4%) independent of the storage temperature. The cells stored at RT for 48 hours had the highest transmigration capacity (54±11.9% vs 4°C 10.7±2%). Storage times of 24 and 72 hours resulted in PEs of on average below 10%. CD34(+)cells stored for 24 hours migrated less than the cells stored at 48 hours. Their transmigration capacity showed no temperature-dependent difference (RT 24.6±7.1 vs 4°C 36.1±10.2%). Conclusion. Our data imply that CD34(+) cells from cord-blood units stored for 48 hours at room temperature have the highest plating efficiencies and transmigration capacities. A storage time for 48 hours before cryopreservation seems tolerable, since there was no increase of the apoptosis rate.

Effect of Storage Time and Temperature on Fresh Unprocessed Cord Blood.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 5272-5272
Author(s):  
Marcus R. Vowels ◽  
Jessica Stylianou ◽  
Leigh Mison
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Thawing Process ◽  
Temperature Ranges

Abstract Studies on the optimal conditions to store fresh cord blood (CB) in order to optimise haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) recovery prior to processing and cryopreservation have produced conflicting data. In this study we investigate the effects of time and temperature on CB HSC after collection. We also investigate whether the process of cryopreservation and thawing aggravates stress created by storage prior to cryopreservation. 30 CB units were collected and transported to the laboratory within 5 hours of collection. An aliquot of each CB unit was tested for nucleated cell count (NCC), CD34 count, CD34 viability and CFU-GEMM, and then frozen with 10% DMSO. Each CB unit was then separated into three 10 ml portions and incubated at 3 different temperatures (4–8°C, 21–24°C and 29–31°C). After 24, 36 or 48 hours, samples were taken and tested. An aliquot of each of the portions was then cryopreserved. After a minimum of 1 week, the cryopreserved samples were thawed and tested. For fresh samples incubated for 24 hrs or 36 hrs there was no difference over time when CB was incubated at 4–8°C, whereas, at temperatures above 20°C, there was either a trend or significant decrease in CD34 and CFU colonies with time. For thawed samples, viable CD34 and CFU colonies were decreased below baseline at either one or both 24 hr and 36 hr time points. This was particularly apparent for CFU colony measurements for samples kept at 29–31°C. At 48 hrs, at each of the temperature ranges (4–8°C, 21–24°C and 29–31°C), CFU were significantly lower for fresh (21.1, 16.8 and 14.0; baseline 31.0) and thawed (9.3, 8.5 and 3.0; baseline 2.7) samples and viable CD34 were significantly lower for thawed (2.0, 2.46 and 1.8; baseline 2.7) samples respectively (p<0.001). In conclusion, the best survival /recovery was seen with CB stored at 4–8° C and for ≥ 36 hrs. Temperatures above room temperature (21–24°C) appeared detrimental. The data also indicate that this damage becomes more evident when tested after the CB has gone through the cryopreservation and thawing process, and is even more evident the higher the temperature and the greater the time of storage prior to cryopreservation. These results have implications for quality and safety of CB stored for clinical use. Viable CD34 and CFU related to incubation time and temperature, tested pre- and post-cryopreservation. Viable CD34 cells x 10e6 CFU-GEMM /12,500 cells plated Storage temperature 4–8C° 21–24°C 29–31°C 4–8°C 21–24°C 29–31°C Baseline 3.4 3.4 3.4 20.9 20.9 20.9 Fresh 24 hrs 3.3 3.67 2.45 20.4 18.8 21.6 36 hrs 3.7 2.45 2.74 20.5 19.6 17.4 Frozen / Baseline 3.0 3.0 3.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 Thawed 24 hrs 2.7 2.8 2.5 11.8 11.8 6.1 36 hrs 2.5 2.84 2.1 10.6 10.1 4.7

scholarly journals CD14+ monocytes repress gamma globin expression at early stages of erythropoiesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Heshusius ◽  
Esther Heideveld ◽  
Marieke von Lindern ◽  
Emile van den Akker
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Globin Genes ◽  
Beta Globin ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitors ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Gamma Globin ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Adult Hemoglobin

AbstractIn β-hemoglobinopathies, reactivation of gamma- at the expense of beta-globin is a prominent therapeutic option. Expression of the globin genes is not strictly intrinsically regulated during erythropoiesis, supported by the observation that fetal erythroid cells switch to adult hemoglobin expression when injected in mice. We show cultured erythroblasts are a mix of HbA restrictive and HbA/HbF expressing cells and that the proportion of cells in the latter population depends on the starting material. Cultures started from CD34+ cells contain more HbA/HbF expressing cells compared to erythroblasts cultured from total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Depletion of CD14+ cells from PBMC resulted in higher HbF/HbA percentages. Conversely, CD34+ co-culture with CD14+ cells reduced the HbF/HbA population through cell–cell proximity, indicating that CD14+ actively repressed HbF expression in adult erythroid cultures. RNA-sequencing showed that HbA and HbA/HbF populations contain a limited number of differentially expressed genes, aside from HBG1/2. Co-culture of CD14+ cells with sorted uncommitted hematopoietic progenitors and CD34-CD36+ erythroblasts showed that hematopoietic progenitors prior to the hemoglobinized erythroid stages are more readily influenced by CD14+ cells to downregulate expression of HBG1/2, suggesting temporal regulation of these genes. This possibly provides a novel therapeutic avenue to develop β-hemoglobinopathies treatments.

scholarly journals The Human SHIP Gene Is Differentially Expressed in Cell Lineages of the Bone Marrow and Blood

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1876-1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Geier ◽  
Paul A. Algate ◽  
Kristen Carlberg ◽  
Dave Flowers ◽  
Cynthia Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Sh2 Domain ◽  
Protein Species ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Phosphorylated Proteins ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Macrophage Colony

Abstract The macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor and several other hematopoietic growth factor receptors induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of a 145- to 150-kD protein in murine cells. We have previously cloned a cDNA for the murine 150-kD protein, SHIP, and found that it encodes a unique signaling intermediate that binds the SHC PTB domain through at least one tyrosine phosphorylated (NPXY) site in the carboxyl-terminal region. SHIP also contains several potential SH3 domain-binding sites, an SH2 domain for binding other tyrosine phosphorylated proteins, and an enzymatic activity that removes the phosphate from the 5 position of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-phosphate or from inositol 1,3,4,5-phosphate. SHIP has a negative effect on cell growth and therefore loss or modification may have profound effects on hematopoietic cell development. In this study, we have cloned a cDNA for human SHIP and examined mRNA and protein expression of SHIP and related species in bone marrow and blood cells. Flow cytometry indicates that at least 74% of immature CD34+ cells express SHIP cross-reacting protein species, whereas within the more mature population of CD33+ cells, only 10% of cells have similar expression. The majority of T cells react positively with the anti-SHIP antibodies, but significantly fewer B cells are positive. Immunoblotting detects up to seven different cross-reacting SHIP species, with peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibiting primarily a 100-kD protein and a CD34+ acute myeloblastic leukemia expressing mainly 130-kD and 145-kD forms of SHIP. Overall, these results indicate that there is an enormous diversity in the size of SHIP or SHIP-related mRNA and protein species. Furthermore, the expression of these protein species changes according to both the developmental stage and differentiated lineage of the mature blood cell.

Effects of biobanking conditions on six antibiotic substances in human serum assessed by a novel evaluation protocol

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Zander ◽  
Barbara Maier ◽  
Michael Zoller ◽  
Gundula Döbbeler ◽  
Lorenz Frey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
P Value ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Evaluation Protocol ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Storage Effects ◽  
Stability Data

AbstractAlthough therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for antibiotics in critically ill patients is recommended by expert panels, no commercial tests are available for most antibiotics. Therefore, we previously developed a multi-analyte method for the quantification of piperacillin, tazobactam, cefepime, meropenem, ciprofloxacin and linezolid in serum. However, limited stability data were available, and the relevant studies did not address the coefficients of variation of the methods applied, which may be important for verifying the storage dependency of the observed effects. Here we aimed to evaluate the storage effects of antibiotics by applying a novel evaluation protocol.Serum-based test samples were aliquoted and stored at room temperature, 4 °C, −20 °C or −80 °C for up to 180 days. Using an innovative evaluation protocol (considering the coefficient of variation, p-value, and criterion of monotony of observed changes), we assessed whether relevant changes (defined as ≥15% in comparison with baseline) were storage dependent (defined as substantial changes).Storage at −80 °C for up to 180 days did not lead to substantial changes for any analyte. In contrast, storage at −20 °C induced substantial decreases after ≥7 days for piperacillin, tazobactam, cefepime and meropenem; after 90 days at −20 °C, only ≤23% of the initial concentrations were found for these parameters. No substantial changes were observed for linezolid and ciprofloxacin at any storage condition. All of the observed substantial changes were monotonic decreases.We recommend a storage temperature of −80 °C for β-lactam antibiotics. The applied evaluation protocol yielded conclusive results and may be generally useful for stability studies.

Human CD34+ Cells Rapidly Mobilized by AMD3100 Repopulate NOD/SCID Mice with Equivalent Efficiency as CD34+ Cells Mobilized by G-CSF.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1186-1186
Author(s):  
David A. Hess ◽  
Jesper Bonde ◽  
Timothy P. Craft ◽  
Louisa Wirthlin ◽  
John F. DiPersio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Drug Clearance ◽  
Scid Mice ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Additional Patient ◽  
Cxcr4 Antagonist ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cd34 Cells

Abstract Interactions between the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand, stromal derived factor-1, regulate hematopoietic stem cell migration. The CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, has recently been shown to rapidly mobilize primitive hematopoietic cells. However, the functional properties of stem and progenitor cells mobilized with this agent are not well characterized. Thus, we directly compared the NOD/SCID repopulating function of CD34+ cells rapidly mobilized (4 hours) by AMD3100 versus CD34+ cells mobilized by 5 days of G-CSF treatment. Healthy, matched sibling donors were leukapheresed after a single injection of 240ug/kg AMD3100, and produced an enrichment of circulating CD34+ cells to 0.6% of the total mononuclear cells (MNC). After 2 weeks of drug clearance, the same donor was mobilized with G-CSF (0.4% CD34+ cells), allowing a paired comparison of the repopulating function of cells mobilized by these two regimens. Total MNC, CD34+ cells (>95% purity), and lineage depleted (Lin−) cells (48–55% CD34+) were isolated and transplanted into NOD/SCID mice at various doses. Injection of 106–107 (approximately 5x103–5x104 CD34+ cells) AMD3100-mobilized MNC resulted in bone marrow (BM) engraftment in 6 of 10 mice, whereas equal doses of G-CSF mobilized MNC engrafted 3 of 10 mice. Higher cell doses (2x107 MNC, approximately 1x105 CD34+ cells) consistently produced engraftment in the BM, spleen, and peripheral blood of all mice, with higher levels of engraftment with AMD3100-mobilized cells (1.8±0.5%) compared to G-CSF-mobilized cells (0.4±0.05%, p<0.05). Similar analyses performed using purified CD34+ cells revealed similar engraftment frequencies for both leukapheresis products. Transplantation of 5x104–105 AMD3100-mobilized CD34+ cells engrafted 4 of 7 mice and G-CSF-mobilized CD34+ cells engrafted 5 of 10 mice. However, transplantation of 5x105 AMD3100-mobilized CD34+ cells consistently resulted in higher engraftment levels compared to G-CSF-mobilized CD34+ cells (3.4±1.1% versus 0.8±0.4% human cells, p<0.05). Multilineage hematopoietic differentiation of transplanted CD34+ cells was similar for AMD3100 and G-CSF-mobilized CD34+ cells, with production of myeloid cells (CD33+, CD14−CD13+CD66abce+/−), monocytes (CD14+), immature B-lymphoid cells (CD19+/−CD20+/−), and primitive repopulating (CD34+CD133+CD38−) cells 7–8 weeks post-transplantation. Similarly, AMD3100 and G-CSF-mobilized Lin− cells produced consistent engraftment in all transplanted mice (n=20), and demonstrated equivalent engraftment levels and multilineage differentiation when directly comparing AMD3100 versus G-CSF-mobilization. Ongoing analysis of additional patient samples will allow direct comparison of these repopulating cells by limiting dilution analysis using Poisson statistics. These preliminary studies indicate that human AMD3100-mobilized CD34+ cells possess at least equivalent repopulating capacity compared to G-CSF mobilized cells, and therefore represent a more rapidly obtainable source of hematopoietic stem cells for clinical transplantation.

Ex Vivo Expansion of Frozen Cord Blood Products without Selection.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2844-2844
Author(s):  
Ian K. McNiece ◽  
Jenny Harrington ◽  
Joshua Kellner ◽  
Jennifer Turney ◽  
Elizabeth J. Shpall
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ex Vivo Expansion ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Duke University

Abstract Ex vivo expansion of cord blood products (CB) has been proposed as an approach to increase the number of cells available from a single CB unit. We and others have reported the requirement of CD34 selection for optimal expansion of CB products, however, the selection of frozen CB products results in significant losses of CD34+ cells with a median recovery of 43% (range 6 to 203%, N=40) and low purities resulting in decreased expansion. Therefore we explored approaches to expand CB without prior selection and have described the use of co-culture of CB mononuclear cells (MNC) on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). In the present study we have evaluated the expansion of clinical CB products (provided by Duke University CB Bank CB). MNC were obtained after ficol separation of RBCs and 10% of the CB product was cultured on preformed layers of MSC in T150 flasks containing 50ml of defined media (Sigma Aldrich) plus 100 ng/ml each of rhSCF, rhG-CSF and rhTpo. After 6 days of culture, the non adherent cells were transferred to a Teflon bag and a further 50 ml of media and GFs added to the flask. Again at day 10, non adherent cells were transferred to the Teflon bag and media and growth factors replaced. At day 12 to 13 of incubation the cells were harvested, washed and total nucleated cell (TNC) counts and progenitor assays performed. In three separate experiments we have achieved greater than 20 fold expansion of TNC with a median of 22, and a median expansion of GM-CFC of 37 fold. Morphologic analysis demonstrated the expanded cells contained high levels of mature neutrophils and neutrophil precursors. In vivo studies in NOD/SCID mice also demonstrated that the expanded cells maintained in vivo engraftment potential. Clinical studies are being designed to evaluate the in vivo potential of CB MNC products expanded on MSC.

Successful Expansion of Umbilical Cord Blood Cells as a Source of Hematopoietic Progenitors for Adult Transplantation.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2857-2857
Author(s):  
Rowayda E. Peters ◽  
Roger Strair ◽  
Arnold D. Rubin ◽  
Lauri Goodell ◽  
Roger R. Mrowiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Total Cell Count ◽  
Cell Engraftment ◽  
Cd34 Cells

Abstract The low yield of progenitor CD34+ cells recovered from umbilical cord blood (UCB) limits the utility of this source for transplantation in adults. This limitation has triggered investigations into how ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) could be achieved to allow for transplantation in larger recipients. In the present study, the incubation of MNC and not selected CD34+cells in the presence of SCF 25ng/ml+MGDF 10ng/ml+FLt-3 25ng/ml+IL-6 20ng/ml, and 10% human serum in stroma-free liquid culture generated long-term expansion of transplantable UCB HSC. In vitro, HSC expansion from 13 UCB lasted >7 months giving 39, 1.3x104, and 4.7 x109 fold increase in total cell count after 14, 70 and 217 d of expansion as compared to d0 (105/ml). Similarly, CD34+ and CD34+/CD38− cell populations increased reaching 229 and 2.2x105 and 91 and 2.2x104 fold after 14 and 70d of expansion. Examination of cell morphology and analysis by flow cytometry showed the presence of primitive and mature cells belonging to all hematopoietic cell lineages. Similarly, multilineage colonies with recloning capacity were generated in culture. Erythroid, myeloid and mixed colonies increased by 116 and 1.8x104 fold and megakaryocytic colonies by 8 and 527 fold after 14 and 70d. Expanded cells were karyotypically normal and lacked the most common chromosome translocations seen in AML and CML t (15,17) and t (9, 22). HSC expanded for 6 and 13 weeks and cropreserved for 6–11 months were able to re-expand in liquid culture and generate colonies capable of recloning and multi-lineage differentiation. We estimated the frequency of SCID repopulating cells (SRC) in UCB samples expanded for 2 and 12 w using 1000,500,250 and 125 unselected CD34+ cells injected intravenously into sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID mice. Mice were sacrificed 20 weeks after transplantation. Human cell engraftment measured as CD45+ (HuCD45+) was detected in all mice (x3mice/dilution) (0.1–9.8%). In addition, HuCD45+ cells with multilineage phenotype were present, (CD19 (lymphoid), CD33 (myeloid), CD71and Glycophorin-A (erythroid) as well as CD34+/CD38− cells). SRC increased by 90 fold after 2 weeks of expansion and by 187 fold after 12 weeks compared to unexpanded CD34+cells. Additional proof of human cell engraftment was documented using semisolid culture (MethoCultTM GF H4434 Stem Cell Technologies). Human myeloid and erythroid colonies were generated from all dilutions, and counts ranged between 63–271/500,000 MNC. Initial studies to test the relative magnitude of UCB HSC expansion from 24-well plates to culture bags (OptiCyte TM, Baxter) using one UCB, the total cell count increased by (6.3 and 20 (bags) Vs 2.3 and 3.3 fold (wells) after 7 and 14d) and CD34+ subpopulations including CD34+/CD38−. Based on these ongoing results, a phase II clinical trial using ex vivo expanded UCB for 14d in a setting of sub ablative Conditioning is planned.

Impaired Alloantigen Presenting Activity of Cord Blood Nucleated Cells.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 2203-2203
Author(s):  
Sandeep Chunduri ◽  
Dolores Mahmud ◽  
Javaneh Abbasian ◽  
Damiano Rondelli
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Cd34 Cells

Abstract Transplantation of HLA-mismatched cord blood (CB) nucleated cells has limited risk of severe acute graft-versus-host disease and graft rejection. This may depend on naïve T cells not yet exposed to many antigens and on immature antigen-presenting cells (APC) not delivering appropriate signals to allogeneic T cells. In order to test the APC activity of human circulating CB cells in-vitro, we initially used irradiated CB mononuclear cells (MNC) or immunomagnetically selected CD34+ cells, CD133+ cells, or CD14+ monocytes to stimulate the proliferative response of incompatible blood T cells in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC). CB MNC failed to induce allogeneic T cell proliferation, while CD34+ and CD133+ progenitors or CD14+ monocytes induced potent T cell alloresponses. Nevertheless, since allogeneic T cell response was not restored after depletion of CD3+ cells in the CB, nor the add-back of irradiated CB MNC to CD34+ or CD14+ stimulators inhibited allo-T cells, a direct suppressive effect of CB MNC was excluded. Allogeneic peripheral blood cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses were not induced after 7 days of stimulation with irradiated CB MNC, although after 4 weekly rechallenges with CB MNC, on average a 23% lysis of antigen-specific CB PHA-blasts was observed at the highest effector:target ratio (50:1). To test the tolerogenic potential of CB MNC, T cells initially exposed to CB MNC were rechallenged in secondary MLC with CB MNC, or CD34+ cells, or monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DC) generated in liquid culture with GM-CSF and IL-4. Allogeneic T cells were still unresponsive upon rechallenge with CB MNC, but proliferated upon 3 days of restimulation with CD34+ cells or Mo-DC from the same CB. Surprisingly, the supernatant of these latter MLCs did inhibit completely a 3rd party MLC. Instead, the supernatant of blood T cells that had been activated by CB CD34+ cells or Mo-DC both in primary and secondary MLC did not. These results show an impaired allo-APC activity of CB MNC but not CB CD34+ cells, and suggest that T cells releasing immunosuppressive cytokines may be activated by CB MNC and then expanded by a second more potent stimulation with professional APC. This hypothesis could explain the sustained engraftment of HLA-mismatched CB stem cell transplants in humans. Based on these results, the in-vivo or ex-vivo downregulation of T cell alloreactivity induced by CB MNC will be tested in experimental models of stem cell, as well as solid organ transplantation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document