Analysis of Microvesicle Microrna Expression Profiles and Their Functional Roles in ALL Subtypes

Abstract Abstract 1488 Microvesicles (MVs) released by leukemia cells constitute an important part of the leukemia microenvironment. As a cell-to-cell communication tool, MVs transfer microRNA(miRNA) between cells. MVs miRNAs may be valuable not only as a diagnostic tool but may also provide an insight in the role of miRNAs playing in the underlying of pathophysiologic processes of various leukemia. It is worth evaluating whether MVs possess some unique miRNA content depending on their corresponding leukemia origin that could be applicable in diagnosis. Hence, we determined the miRNA expression profiles of ALL-derived MVs using Agilent miRNA microarray analysis. The five miRNAs obtained by microarray profiling were validated using real-time PCR. The putative target genes were predicted by bioformation software. Here, we provided MVs miRNA patterns derived from the healthy controls, B-ALL cell line Nalm 6 cells and T-ALL cell line Jurkat cells. We identified 182 dysregulated miRNAs in MVs derived from Nalm 6 cells as compared with MVs from normal controls (P<0.05); both up regulated(123/182) and down regulated(59/182) expressions were observed. Likewise 166 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in MVs derived from Jurkat cells versus MVs from normal peripheral blood (P<0.05), 114 miRNAs of which (114/166) were up expression and 52 miRNAs (52/166) were down expression. We also fould that 44 miRNAs were only detected in B-ALL-derived MVs. MiR-1290, miR-1246, miR-1268, miR-1226, and miR-424 were top 5 expressed in Nalm 6 derived MVs, suggesting that those miRNAs may play an important role in B-ALL. We observed that 16 miRNAs detected only in T cell derived MVs. MiR-96 is up regulated in MVs from T-ALL cells but not expressed in B-ALL. Specific and functional target sites for miR-96, exist in the 3'-UTR of the miRNA that encodes the putative tumor suppressor transcription factor FOXO1. The expression signatures of miR-96 could discriminate B-ALL from T-ALL. In contrast, the MVs from B-ALL cell line, shared 100 miRNAs with MVs from T-ALL cell line, suggestting that those miRNAs play roles in both B-and T-ALL. Of 100 miRNAs, 99 miRNAs were high expression, indicating that miRNAs were active in ALL. This obsearvation suggusted that miRNA differential expression in MVs were partially significantly related to subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Intriguing is that miR1290 is top higher expression both in MVs derived from Nalm6 cells and from Jurkat cells; miR-1290 is 475-fold higher expressed in Nalm 6 derived MVs versus MVs from normal cells, whereas this miRNA is 245-fold higher expressed in Jurkat cells. Five of these miRNAs were selected to be further assayed and validated by PCR. The qRT-PCR results correlated well with the microarray data. In addition, we found seven miRNAs(miR-148b, miR-484, miR-let-7f, let-7a, miR-223, miR16 and miR-27b) were located near the 11q23 chromosomal region. With bioinformatic tools (TargetScan), we predicted potential target genes for those miRNAs that exhibited altered expression in MVs from B-ALL and T-ALL. The p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) was found to be a potential target of miR-320. Of particular interest, we found that protein tyrosine phosphatase-like member b (PTPLB) may be a potential target of miR-1290. The 474-fold increase in miR-1290 in MVs from Nalm 6 cells, indicating that miR-1290 may participate in the modulation of leukemia by targeting PTPLB, a specific, negative regulator of p210 bcr-abl signal. In conclusion, we identified miRNAs and found that miRNA expression profiles were ALL subtype-specific. Altered miRNA expression levels may lead to an inappropriate expression of target oncoproteins or target tumor suppressors, thereby facilitating the development of leukemia. These findings expanded the potential diagnostic markers of leukemia and provided useful information to ALL pathogenesis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Analysis of the miRNA Expression Profiles in the Zearalenone-Exposed TM3 Leydig Cell Line

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20030635 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 635 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mingyang Wang ◽

Weiwei Wu ◽

Lin Li ◽

Jianbin He ◽

Sheng Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Line ◽

Leydig Cell ◽

Mirna Expression ◽

Leydig Cells ◽

Mirna Target ◽

Target Genes ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Signalling Pathway ◽

Mirna Expression Profiles ◽

Mirna Sequencing

Zearalenone (ZEN), an important environmental pollutant, can cause serious harm to human and animal health. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of zearalenone (ZEN) on miRNA expression profiles in the mouse Leydig cell line (TM3 Leydig cell line) by miRNA sequencing. The effect of ZEN on the viability of TM3 Leydig cells was verified by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). MiRNA sequencing was performed 24 h after the exposure of TM3 Leydig cells with 50 μmol/L of ZEN. Bioinformatics predicted the miRNA target genes, performed Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, and conducted miRNA-gene-pathway mapping to show the relationship between miRNA, the target gene, and the signalling pathway. The expression levels of miRNA and the miRNA target genes associated with ZEN toxicology were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The miRNA sequencing revealed a significant change (p < 0.05) in the 197 miRNAs in the ZEN-treated and control groups, among which 86 were up-regulated and 111 were down-regulated. GO analysis of the target genes of these miRNAs indicated various biological functions. KEGG analysis showed that the predicted miRNA target genes were involved in signalling pathways, such as cancer, apoptosis, and oxidation, namely, the Ras signalling pathway, Rap1 signalling pathway, PI3K-AKT signalling pathway, Foxo signalling pathway, and AMPK signalling pathway. These results suggest that ZEN, as an estrogen-like toxin, is regulated by microRNAs. Our results can help to examine the toxicological effects of ZEN-regulated miRNAs on germ cells.

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Differential expression of microRNAs in Marek's disease virus-transformed T-lymphoma cell lines

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.009902-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 90 (7) ◽

pp. 1551-1559 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Yongxiu Yao ◽

Yuguang Zhao ◽

Lorraine P. Smith ◽

Charles H. Lawrie ◽

Nigel J. Saunders ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Line ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Mirna Expression ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Tumour Cells ◽

Marek's Disease ◽

Marek’S Disease ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Mirna Expression Profiles

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognized to play crucial roles in regulation of gene expression in different biological events, including many sporadic forms of cancer. However, despite the involvement of several viruses in inducing cancer, only a limited number of studies have been carried out to examine the miRNA expression signatures in virus-induced neoplasia, particularly in herpesvirus-induced tumours where virus-encoded miRNAs also contribute significantly to the miRNome of the tumour cell. Marek's disease (MD) is a naturally occurring, rapid-onset CD4+ T-cell lymphoma of poultry, induced by the highly contagious Marek's disease virus (MDV). High levels of expression of virus-encoded miRNAs and altered expression of several host-encoded miRNAs were demonstrated in the MDV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line MSB-1. In order to identify the miRNA expression signature specific to MDV-transformed cells, we examined the global miRNA expression profiles in seven distinct MDV-transformed cell lines by microarray analysis. This study revealed that, in addition to the high levels of MDV-encoded miRNAs, these MD tumour-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines showed altered expression of several host-encoded miRNAs. Comparison of the miRNA expression profiles of these cell lines with the MDV-negative, retrovirus-transformed AVOL-1 cell line showed that miR-150 and miR-223 are downregulated irrespective of the viral aetiology, whereas downregulation of miR-155 was specific for MDV-transformed tumour cells. Thus, increased expression of MDV-encoded miRNAs with specific downregulation of miR-155 can be considered as unique expression signatures for MD tumour cells. Analysis of the functional targets of these miRNAs would contribute to the understanding of the molecular pathways of MD oncogenicity.

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Comparison of miRNA Expression Profiles in Leukemia-Derived Microvesicles and Corresponding Leukemia Cells and Analysis of Their Roles in Leukemia

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v118.21.1388.1388 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 118 (21) ◽

pp. 1388-1388

Author(s):

Xiaomei Chen ◽

Fang Liu ◽

Wei Xiong ◽

Xiangjun Chen ◽

Cong Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Suppressor ◽

Mirna Expression ◽

Tumor Suppressors ◽

Target Genes ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

K562 Cells ◽

Cell Types ◽

Leukemic Cells ◽

Mirna Expression Profiles ◽

Tumor Suppressor Mirnas

Abstract Abstract 1388 Microvesicles(MVs) are small exosomes of endocytic origin released by normal healthy or damaged cell types, including leukemic cells. MVs have been considered as cell dust, however, recent data bring evidences that MVs generated during cell activation or apoptosis can transfer biologic messages between different cell types. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to be aberrantly expressed in leukemia and the overall miRNA expression could differentiate normal versus leukemia. The MVs expressing miRNAs were found in the primary tumors. However it is currently unknown whether miRNA content changes in MVs derived from leukemic cells. Here we compared the miRNA expression in leukemia-derived MVs to corresponding leukemia cells and analysed their roles in leukemia. K562 cells were cultured and collected. MVs derived from K562 cells were also isolated. The presence and levels of specific miRNAs from both MVs derived from K562 cells and K562 cells were determined by Agilent miRNA microarray analysis probing for 888 miRNAs. Some selected miRNAs were verified by real time qRT-PCR. Bioinformatic software tools were used to predict the target genes of identified miRNAs and define their function. Our results showed that 77 and 122 miRNAs were only expressed in MVs and K562 cells, respectively. There were significant differences in miRNA expression profiles between MVs and K562 cells. We also found that 112 miRNAs were co-expressed in MVs and K562 cells. This observaton may suggest that compartmentalization of miRNAs from cells into to MVs, for at least some miRNAs, is an active (selective) process. Among those abnormally expressed miRNAs, some have been proposed oncomiRNAs or tumor suppressors. For example, miR-155, has been proposed as oncomiRNA, was abnormally expressed only in MVs in our study, suggesting that oncomiRNA was present in MVs. Further analysis revealed that 39 potential target genes regulated by miR-155. Among them, 4 genes involed in oncogenes and the signal genes. OncomiRNAs such as miR-27a and miR-21 expressed in both MVs and corresponding cells, indicating that MVs bear miRNA characteristic of the cell origin. MVs, released into the leukemia microenvironment, play an important role in leukemia. In contrast to oncomiRNAs, if miRNA is associated with tumor suppressive activity, it is regarded as a tumor suppressor (oncosuppressor). The aberrantly expressed miR-125a-3p, miR-125-5p,miR-27b, which have implicated as tumor suppressors, appear in both cellular and MVs of leukemia in our study. MiR-125a-3p, miR-125-5p and miR-27b regulated 308 potential target genes. To our knowledge, 10 of them are tumor suppression genes. It is possible that these aberrantly expressed tumor suppressor miRNAs decreased or lost their roles of tumor suppression, which led to decrease or loss their roles of regulating their target genes including oncogenes, consequently resulted in leukemia. Since K562 cells presented t(9;22), we further examined the predicted function of the 6 expressed miRNAs located in chrosome 9 (hsa-miR-188-5p,hsa-miR-602)and 22(hsa-let-7b,hsa-miR-1249,hsa-miR-130b,hsa-miR-185), which expressed both in the MVs and K562 cells. Using the TargetScan, we found 442 predicted targets regulated by 6 miRNAs. Those miRNAs may play roles in leukemia via these 422 genes. This study is the first to identify and define miRNA expression between K562 cells presented t(9;22), derived from K562 cells and their corresponding cells. We found significant differences in miRNA expression between MVs and corresponding leukemia. K562 cells released MVs riched in miRNAs including oncomiRNAs or tumor suppressor miRNAs into leukemia microenvironment, which play a role in leukemia via regulating their targer genes including oncogenes, consequently resulted in leukemia. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Ewing’s Sarcoma: An Analysis of miRNA Expression Profiles and Target Genes in Paraffin-Embedded Primary Tumor Tissue

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms17050656 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 656 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Antonina Parafioriti ◽

Caterina Bason ◽

Elisabetta Armiraglio ◽

Lucia Calciano ◽

Primo Daolio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mirna Expression ◽

Primary Tumor ◽

Target Genes ◽

Tumor Tissue ◽

Ewing’S Sarcoma ◽

Ewing's Sarcoma ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Mirna Expression Profiles

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Differential miRNA Profiles Correlate With Disparate Immunity Outcomes Associated With Vaccine Immunization and Chlamydial Infection

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.625318 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Simone Howard ◽

Shakyra Richardson ◽

Ifeyinwa Benyeogor ◽

Yusuf Omosun ◽

Kamran Dye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Mirna Expression ◽

Clustering Analysis ◽

Chlamydial Infection ◽

Target Genes ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Dc Vaccine ◽

Mirna Expression Profiles ◽

Experimental Group

Vaccine-induced immune responses following immunization with promising Chlamydia vaccines protected experimental animals from Chlamydia-induced upper genital tract pathologies and infertility. In contrast, primary genital infection with live Chlamydia does not protect against these pathologies. We hypothesized that differential miRNA profiles induced in the upper genital tracts (UGT) of mice correlate with the disparate immunity vs. pathologic outcomes associated with vaccine immunization and chlamydial infection. Thus, miRNA expression profiles in the UGT of mice after Chlamydia infection (Live EB) and immunization with dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine (DC vaccine) or VCG-based vaccine (VCG vaccine) were compared using the NanoString nCounter Mouse miRNA assay. Of the 602 miRNAs differentially expressed (DE) in the UGT of immunized and infected mice, we selected 58 with counts >100 and p-values < 0.05 for further analysis. Interestingly, vaccine immunization and Chlamydia infection induced the expression of distinct miRNA profiles with a higher proportion in vaccine-immunized compared to Chlamydia infected mice; DC vaccine (41), VCG vaccine (23), and Live EB (15). Hierarchical clustering analysis showed notable differences in the uniquely DE miRNAs for each experimental group, with DC vaccine showing the highest number (21 up-regulated, five down-regulated), VCG vaccine (two up-regulated, five down-regulated), and live EB (two up-regulated, four down-regulated). The DC vaccine-immunized group showed the highest number (21 up-regulated and five down-regulated compared to two up-regulated and four down-regulated in the live Chlamydia infected group). Pathway analysis showed that the DE miRNAs target genes that regulate several biological processes and functions associated with immune response and inflammation. These results suggest that the induction of differential miRNA expression plays a significant role in the disparate immunity outcomes associated with Chlamydia infection and vaccination.

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Effects of Short-time Exposure to Atrazine on miRNA Expression Profiles in the Gonad of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

10.1101/345371 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Fang Wang ◽

Qian-wen Yang ◽

Wen-Jie Zhao ◽

Qi-Yan Du ◽

Zhong-Jie Chang

Keyword(s):

Common Carp ◽

Cyprinus Carpio ◽

Mirna Expression ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Target Genes ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemical ◽

Endocrine Disrupting ◽

Mirna Expression Profiles

ABSTRACTMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by targeting specific mRNAs; they are involved in the modulation of important mRNA networks involved in toxicity. Atrazine is a known endocrine-disrupting chemical, whose molecular mechanisms are unknown. In this study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) gonads at two key developmental stages were exposed to 0.428 ppb atrazine for 24 h in vitro. MiRNA expression profiles were analysed to identify miRNAs related to gonad development and to reveal the atrazine mechanisms interfering with gonad differentiation. Atrazine exposure caused significant alteration of multiple miRNAs. Compared with the juvenile ovary, more miRNAs were down-regulated in juvenile testis, some of these down-regulated miRNAs target the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway related-genes. Predicted target genes of differently-expressed miRNAs after exposure to atrazine were involved in many reproductive biology signalling pathways. We suggest that these target genes may have important roles in atrazine-induced reproductive toxicity by altering miRNAs expression. Our results also indicate that atrazine can up-regulate aromatase expression through miRNAs, which supports the hypothesis that atrazine has endocrine-disrupting activity by altering the expression of genes of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonad axis through its corresponding miRNAs. This study tells us the following conclusions: 1. Atrazine exposure results in significant alterations of miRNAs whose predicted target genes are associated with reproductive processes. 2. In the primordial gonad, atrazine promoted the expression of early gonad-determining genes by decreasing specific miRNAs. 3. In the juvenile gonad, atrazine promoted the biosynthesis of steroid hormones.

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Genome-Wide Uncovering of STAT3-Mediated miRNA Expression Profiles in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/187105 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jufeng Zhang ◽

Xia Luo ◽

Huiming Li ◽

Ling Deng ◽

Ying Wang

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Mirna Expression ◽

Target Genes ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Small Noncoding Rnas ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Go Enrichment ◽

Mirna Expression Profiles ◽

Mirna Expression Profiling

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies resulting in high mortality worldwide. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an oncogenic transcription factor which is frequently activated and aberrantly expressed in CRC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs which play important roles in many cancers. However, little is known about the global miRNA profiles mediated by STAT3 in CRC cells. In the present study, we applied RNA interference to inhibit STAT3 expression and profiled the miRNA expression levels regulated by STAT3 in CRC cell lines with deep sequencing. We found that 26 and 21 known miRNAs were significantly overexpressed and downexpressed, respectively, in the STAT3-knockdown CRC cell line SW480 (SW480/STAT3-siRNA) compared to SW480 transfected with scrambled siRNAs (SW480/siRNA-control). The miRNA expression profiling was then validated by quantitative real-time PCR for selected known miRNAs. We further predicted the putative target genes for the dysregulated miRNAs and carried out functional annotation including GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis for selected miRNA targets. This study directly depicts STAT3-mediated miRNA profiles in CRC cells, which provides a possible way to discover biomarkers for CRC therapy.

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Comparison of miRNA expression profiles in pituitary–adrenal axis between Beagle and Chinese Field dogs after chronic stress exposure

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.1682 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. e1682 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wei Luo ◽

Meixia Fang ◽

Haiping Xu ◽

Huijie Xing ◽

Jiangnan Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Adrenal Cortex ◽

Chronic Stress ◽

Hpa Axis ◽

Mirna Expression ◽

Target Genes ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Stress Exposure ◽

Mirna Expression Profiles ◽

Pituitary Adrenal Axis

MicoRNAs (miRNAs), usually as gene regulators, participate in various biological processes, including stress responses. The hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) is an important pathway in regulating stress response. Although the mechanism that HPA axis regulates stress response has been basically revealed, the knowledge that miRNAs regulate stress response within HPA axis, still remains poor. The object of this study was to investigate the miRNAs in the pituitary and adrenal cortex that regulate chronic stress response with high-throughput sequencing. The pituitary and adrenal cortex of beagles and Chinese Field dogs (CFD) from a stress exposure group (including beagle pituitary 1 (BP1), CFD pituitary 1 (CFDP1), beagle adrenal cortex 1 (BAC1), CFD adrenal cortex 1 (CFDAC1)) and a control group (including beagle pituitary 2 (BP2), CFD pituitary 2 (CFDP2), beagle adrenal cortex 2 (BAC2), CFD adrenal cortex 2 (CFDAC2)), were selected for miRNA-seq comparisons. Comparisons, that were made in pituitary (including BP1 vs. BP2, CFDP1 vs. CFDP2, BP1 vs. CFDP1 and BP2 vs. CFDP2) and adrenal cortex (including BAC1 vs. BAC2, CFDAC1 vs. CFDAC2, BAC1 vs. CFDAC1 and BAC2 vs. CFDAC2), showed that a total of 39 and 18 common differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) (Total read counts > 1,000, Fold change > 2 &p-value < 0.001), that shared in at least two pituitary comparisons and at least two adrenal cortex comparisons, were detected separately. These identified DE-miRNAs were predicted for target genes, thus resulting in 3,959 and 4,010 target genes in pituitary and adrenal cortex, respectively. Further, 105 and 10 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (Fold change > 2 &p-value < 0.05) from those target genes in pituitary and adrenal cortex were obtained separately, in combination with our previous corresponding transcriptome study. Meanwhile, in line with that miRNAs usually negatively regulated their target genes and the dual luciferase reporter assay, we finally identified cfa-miR-205 might play an important role by upregulatingMMDin pituitary and hippocampus, thus enhancing the immune response, under chronic stress exposure. Our results shed light on the miRNA expression profiles in the pituitary and adrenal cortex with and without chronic stress exposure, and provide a new insight into miR-205 with its feasible role in regulating chronic stress in the pituitary and hippocampus through targetingMMD.

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Integrated microRNA Analysis Identifies miR-512-3p as a Potential Biomarker of Poor Outcome in Pediatric Medulloblastoma

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1068266/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carolina Alves Pereira Correia ◽

Pablo Ferreira Chagas ◽

Mirella Baroni ◽

Augusto Faria Andrade ◽

Rosane Gomes de Paula Queiróz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Overall Survival ◽

Mirna Expression ◽

In Silico ◽

Target Genes ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Poor Overall Survival ◽

Pediatric Medulloblastoma ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Mirna Expression Profiles

Abstract Background: Medulloblastoma, a genetically heterogeneous tumor, is the most frequent malignant brain tumor in children. Although several studies have been carried out, the molecular mechanism underlying medulloblastoma tumorigenesis is not completely known. microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles have been associated with development, progression, and prognosis of human cancers, including medulloblastoma. However, the role of miRNAs in pediatric medulloblastoma has been poorly explored.Methods: Global miRNA expression in 24 microdissected medulloblastoma specimens (19 pediatric and 5 adult specimens) was evaluated by microarray assay. miR-512-3p, the most differentially expressed miRNA in these two groups, was analyzed by qRT-PCR in a cohort of 51 consecutive pediatric medulloblastoma samples and 7 pediatric non-neoplastic cerebellum control samples, and its clinical significance was assessed. Further in silico miRNA prediction of target genes was performed with bioinformatics tools.Results: Compared to the controls, miR-512-3p was significantly downregulated in the pediatric medulloblastoma samples. Higher miR-512-3p was associated with incomplete degree of resection, high risk group classification, and poor overall survival. In silico analysis in an independent cohort of medulloblastoma identified that some of the miR-512-3p target genes (SMAD9, SSX2IP, MAPK10, PTCH1, CCDC6, and BMPR2) were statistically correlated with overall survival, metastasis, and death.Conclusions: For the first time, our results have shown that miR-512-3p is significantly associated with poor clinical outcome in pediatric medulloblastoma, suggesting that miR-512-3p is a potential biomarker of prognosis.

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