scholarly journals Protection from lethal malaria in transgenic mice expressing sickle hemoglobin

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 1600-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
AT Hood ◽  
ME Fabry ◽  
F Costantini ◽  
RL Nagel ◽  
HL Shear
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Plasmodium Chabaudi ◽  
Sickle Hemoglobin ◽  
High Level ◽  
Insight Into

Previous studies from our laboratories have shown that transgenic mice expressing high levels of beta S globin are well-protected from Plasmodium chabaudi adami and partially protected against P berghei (Shear et al, Blood 81:222, 1993). We have now infected transgenic mice expressing low (39%), intermediate (57%), and high (75%) levels of beta S with the virulent strain of P yoelii (17XL) that appears to cause cerebral malaria. We find that the level of protection in these three groups of mice correlates positively with the level of beta S chain expression in the mice. Seven of nine mice expressing the high level of beta S recovered from infection, as did 7 of 9 mice expressing the intermediate level of beta S. Control mice and mice expressing the lower level of beta S all succumbed to infection. In mice expressing high and intermediate levels of beta S, parasites were found almost exclusively in reticulocytes during recovery, suggesting that mature red blood cells expressing beta S are more resistant than reticulocytes. These studies confirm epidemiologic data and offer insight into the mechanism of protection of sickle trait individuals against falciparum malaria.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Neuromuscular, Haematological and Urinary Responses during Padel Matches

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5864
Author(s):  
Francisco Pradas ◽  
Alejandro García-Giménez ◽  
Víctor Toro-Román ◽  
Nicolae Ochiana ◽  
Carlos Castellar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level

Research on the acute physiological response to a padel match is limited. The present study aimed to: (a) evaluate neuromuscular, urinary, and hematological responses after simulated padel competition (SC) and (b) analyze possible gender differences. In this study, 28 high-level padel players participated (men = 13, age = 26.83 ± 6.57 years; women = 15, age = 30.07 ± 4.36 years). The following parameters were analyzed before and after SC: neuromuscular (hand grip strength, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and Abalakov jump (ABK)), hematological (red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit), and urinary (pH, specific gravity, microalbuminuria, and red blood cells). Significant gender differences were found in neuromuscular and hematological responses, with men obtaining higher values (p < 0.05). For the SC influence, changes were noted in ABK and microalbuminuria (p < 0.05). The percentages of change in hand grip strength, SJ (height and watts), CMJ (height), and ABK (height) were higher for men than women (p < 0.05). SC negatively influenced the neuromuscular parameters to a greater extent in women. Our results could be related to gender differences in game actions, the temporal structure, and anthropometric and physiological characteristics. Game dynamics and a different organic response between male and female padel playing were confirmed.

scholarly journals Bat Red Blood Cells express Nucleic Acid Sensing Receptors and bind RNA and DNA

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
LK Metthew Lam ◽  
Jane Dobkin ◽  
Kaitlyn A. Eckart ◽  
Ian Gereg ◽  
Andrew DiSalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Cpg Dna ◽  
Human Rbcs ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Rna And Dna

Red blood cells (RBCs) demonstrate immunomodulatory capabilities through the expression of nucleic acid sensors. Little is known about bat RBCs, and no studies have examined the immune function of bat erythrocytes. Here we show that bat RBCs express the nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors TLR7 and TLR9 and bind the nucleic acid ligands, single-stranded RNA, and CpG DNA. Collectively, these data suggest that, like human RBCs, bat erythrocytes possess immune function and may be reservoirs for nucleic acids. These findings provide unique insight into bat immunity and may uncover potential mechanisms by which virulent pathogens in humans are concealed in bats.

scholarly journals The malaria parasite has an intrinsic clock

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 368 (6492) ◽  
pp. 746-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa Rijo-Ferreira ◽  
Victoria A. Acosta-Rodriguez ◽  
John H. Abel ◽  
Izabela Kornblum ◽  
Ines Bento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Parasite Population ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Plasmodium Chabaudi ◽  
Clock Mutant ◽  
Mutant Host

Malarial rhythmic fevers are the consequence of the synchronous bursting of red blood cells (RBCs) on completion of the malaria parasite asexual cell cycle. Here, we hypothesized that an intrinsic clock in the parasite Plasmodium chabaudi underlies the 24-hour-based rhythms of RBC bursting in mice. We show that parasite rhythms are flexible and lengthen to match the rhythms of hosts with long circadian periods. We also show that malaria rhythms persist even when host food intake is evenly spread across 24 hours, suggesting that host feeding cues are not required for synchrony. Moreover, we find that the parasite population remains synchronous and rhythmic even in an arrhythmic clock mutant host. Thus, we propose that parasite rhythms are generated by the parasite, possibly to anticipate its circadian environment.

Establishment of a murine model of cerebral malaria in KunMing mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 1672-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAN DING ◽  
WENYUE XU ◽  
TAOLI ZHOU ◽  
TAIPING LIU ◽  
HONG ZHENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Experimental Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Km Mice

SUMMARYMalaria remains one of the most devastating diseases. Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection resulting in high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Analysis of precise mechanisms of CM in humans is difficult for ethical reasons and animal models of CM have been employed to study malaria pathogenesis. Here, we describe a new experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) model with Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in KunMing (KM) mice. KM mice developed ECM after blood-stage or sporozoites infection, and the development of ECM in KM mice has a dose-dependent relationship with sporozoites inoculums. Histopathological findings revealed important features associated with ECM, including accumulation of mononuclear cells and red blood cells in brain microvascular, and brain parenchymal haemorrhages. Blood–brain barrier (BBB) examination showed that BBB disruption was present in infected KM mice when displaying clinical signs of CM. In vivo bioluminescent imaging experiment indicated that parasitized red blood cells accumulated in most vital organs including heart, lung, spleen, kidney, liver and brain. The levels of inflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-12, IL-6 and IL-10 were all remarkably increased in KM mice infected with P. berghei ANKA. This study indicates that P. berghei ANKA infection in KM mice can be used as ECM model to extend further research on genetic, pharmacological and vaccine studies of CM.

A survey of the potassium concentration in the red blood cells of British breeds of sheep

1957 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Evans ◽  
M. S. Mounib
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Representative Samples

The concentrations of potassium in the whole blood of representative samples of sixteen British breeds of sheep have been studied.The proportion of sheep with a high level of potassium in the whole blood (high potassium or HK type) was found to differ significantly between breeds. It ranged from 0% in the English Leicester to 73% in the Rough Fell.There were significant differences between breeds in the mean concentration of potassium in the whole blood of both the LK and HK sheep.

scholarly journals Generation of transgenic mice with antithetical KEL1 and KEL2 human blood group antigens on red blood cells

Transfusion ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 2620-2630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole H. Smith ◽  
Kate L. Henry ◽  
Chantel M. Cadwell ◽  
Ashley Bennett ◽  
Jeanne E. Hendrickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Human Blood Group

scholarly journals Platelet activation and inhibition of malarial cytoadherence by the anti-CD36 IgM monoclonal antibody NL07

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 3637-3647 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Alessio ◽  
NJ Greco ◽  
L Primo ◽  
D Ghigo ◽  
A Bosia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Morphologic Change ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Substrate Protein

Abstract The surface glycoprotein CD36 (GPIV) is known to mediate the adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum malaria-infected red blood cells and to be a receptor for extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and thrombospondin. The murine monoclonal IgM antibody NL07, which is specific for CD36, has now been shown to also be a potent inhibitor of the adhesion of P falciparum malaria-infected red blood cells to C32 melanoma cells. Treatment of platelets with NL07 monoclonal antibody resulted in rapid degranulation, release of ATP and serotonin, increase in [Ca2+]i, and tyrosine phosphorylation of a substrate protein of 130 kD. In about one-half of the experiments, activation with NL07 resulted in the formation of small aggregates of 10 to 30 platelets, whereas in the other half of the experiments, large aggregates were seen similar to those induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and these large aggregates could be converted to the small aggregates by ATP alpha S or by AP-2 or other antibodies against GPIIb and/or IIIa. Microaggregates of 2 to 5 platelets were seen with Glanzmann's platelets that constitutively lack GPIIb/IIIa. Aggregate formation was not seen with heat-treated serum, in the presence of anti C1q antibodies, or when using C5-, C8-, or C9-deficient human sera. Although activation of platelets with purified complement components results in a slow morphologic change without aggregation, involvement of CD36 results in rapid complement-mediated activation leading to formation of small aggregates that is largely independent of GPIIb/IIIa and that, under certain circumstances, proceeds to the formation of large ADP-dependent aggregates.

scholarly journals Febrile temperature but not proinflammatory cytokines promotes phosphatidylserine expression on Plasmodium falciparum malaria-infected red blood cells during parasite maturation

2010 ◽  
Vol 77A (6) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kovit Pattanapanyasat ◽  
Panudda Sratongno ◽  
Pattamawan Chimma ◽  
Supapart Chitjamnongchai ◽  
Korakot Polsrila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria
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