Normative data for multiple breath washout outcomes in school-aged Caucasian children

BackgroundThe multiple breath nitrogen washout (N2MBW) technique is increasingly used to assess the degree of ventilation inhomogeneity in school-aged children with lung disease. However, reference values for healthy children are currently not available. The aim of this study was to generate reference values for N2MBW outcomes in a cohort of healthy Caucasian school-aged children.MethodsN2MBW data from healthy Caucasian school-age children between 6 and 18 years old were collected from four experienced centres. Measurements were performed using an ultrasonic flowmeter (Exhalyzer D, Eco Medics AG, Duernten, Switzerland) and were analysed with commercial software (Spiroware version 3.2.1, Eco Medics AG). Normative values and upper limits of normal (ULN) were generated for lung clearance index (LCI) at 2.5% (LCI2.5%) and at 5% (LCI5%) of the initial nitrogen concentration and for moment ratios (M1/M0 and M2/M0). A prediction equation was generated for functional residual capacity (FRC).ResultsAnalysis used 485 trials from 180 healthy Caucasian children aged from 6 to 18 years old. While LCI increased with age, this increase was negligible (0.04 units·year–1 for LCI2.5%) and therefore fixed ULN were defined for this age group. These limits were 7.91 for LCI2.5%, 5.73 for LCI5%, 1.75 for M1/M0 and 6.15 for M2/M0, respectively. Height and weight were found to be independent predictors of FRC.ConclusionWe report reference values for N2MBW outcomes measured on a commercially available ultrasonic flowmeter device (Exhalyzer D, Eco Medics AG) in healthy school-aged children to allow accurate interpretation of ventilation distribution outcomes and FRC in children with lung disease.

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Reference values of selected auditory temporal processing tests for Polish school children

Otolaryngologia Polska ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0012.4366 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Elżbieta Włodarczyk ◽

Agata Szkiełkowska ◽

Adam Piłka

Keyword(s):

Reference Values ◽

Temporal Processing ◽

Auditory Processing ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Normative Values ◽

Auditory Information ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Frequency Pattern ◽

Auditory Temporal Processing ◽

Sound Sensitivity

Introduction: Distorted processing of auditory information has a negative impact on the child’s cognitive development. There are only a few studies conducted by Polish researchers determining the normative values of psychoacoustic tests in auditory processing disorders. They are inconsistent due to different methodologies and different research protocols. Objective: The aim of the work was to determine the reference values of selected psychoacoustic tests for the population of Polish children between 7 and 12 years of age. Material and method: The study group consisted of 213 healthy children from 7 to 12 years of age. The condition for including the child in the study was an intellectual norm, proper sound sensitivity, proper development of children’s voice and speech. All children underwent two auditory temporal processing tests. The diagnostic procedure used a standardized Frequency Pattern Test (FPT) and Duration Pattern Test (DPT). The tests were carried out in accordance with the authors' recommendations, using the original versions available on the CD for 60 dB SL intensity, simultaneously for the right and left ear. Results: The reference values for FPT and DPT tests were determined at various age ranges in children aged 7-12. It has been shown that auditory functions change with age and development of the child. Reference values including age, language, cultural and educational differences were prepared. Conclusions: The development of reference values for individual tests for the Polish children population is a key element in the reliable diagnosis of auditory processing.

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Reference values and prediction equation for the 6-minute walk test in healthy children aged 6–12 years old

TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES ◽

10.3906/sag-1901-232 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 1126-1131 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Buse ÖZCAN KAHRAMAN ◽

Ertuğrul YÜKSEL ◽

Abdurrahman NALBANT ◽

Umut Ziya KOÇAK ◽

Bayram ÜNVER

Keyword(s):

Reference Values ◽

Prediction Equation ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Walk Test ◽

6 Minute Walk Test ◽

Minute Walk

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Evaluation of chemiluminescence method for the analysis of plasma homocysteine and comparison with HPLC method in children samples

Einstein (São Paulo) ◽

10.1590/s1679-45082010ao1499 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 187-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Thais Moura Gascón ◽

Fernanda Schindler ◽

Claudia Giorgia Bronzatti de Oliveira ◽

Fabiola Isabel Suano Souza ◽

Sonia Hix ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reference Values ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Pubertal Development ◽

Hplc Method ◽

School Age Children ◽

Healthy Children ◽

School Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Homocysteine Concentration

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the results for homocysteine concentration using chemiluminescence and HPLC methods in samples from school-age children. In addition, to determine the reference values for patients of this age group and assess the real prognostic value of homocysteine in healthy children. Methods: A prospective observational study was undertaken to determine plasma levels of homocysteine using two different assays, HPLC and chemiluminescence, in 185 samples from school-age children living in Santo Andre, with no chronic or inflammatory diseases, and absence of pubertal development. Results: The results were presented in percentiles and reference values were determined within this age group (7-9 years old). Homocysteine concentration ranged from 2.0 to 9.9 µmol/l (r = 0.821 and p < 0.001). Conclusions: It was verified that chemiluminescence is comparable to HPLC when both techniques are used to detect homocysteine in school-age children. There is an important correlation between both methods, which allows investigation of this amino acid as a risk factor for heart diseases.

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Language-Based Difficulties in School-Age Children with Reading Disabilities

10.31234/osf.io/djehx ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kaitlyn Price ◽

Karen Wigg ◽

Virginia Misener ◽

Antoine Clarke ◽

Natalie Yeung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reading Disabilities ◽

Word Reading ◽

Speech Sound ◽

Reading Difficulties ◽

Receptive Language ◽

School Age Children ◽

Speech And Language ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Language Difficulties

Background: Reading disabilities (RD) are the most common learning disabilities, affecting 3-7% of school-aged children in North America. RD is associated with increased risk for comorbid language-based disorders including early language delay (ELD), speech sound disorders, and language impairments. Despite decades of research on the relationship between RD and these disorders, questions remain as to the strength of their associations. This study is the first of this size to assess all four disorders in a sample of children with RD. Method: We examined the association these disorders in a large, well-characterized family-based sample, recruited for reading difficulties in school-aged children. Parents of 492 families (674 children) completed a questionnaire that queried ELD, and current speech and language difficulties in their children. Children were also directly assessed for multiple quantitative measures of language and reading. Children were divided into three groups: Reading Disabled (RD), Intermediate Readers (IR), and Typical Readers (TR). Results: We found that the parents of the RD and IR groups reported significantly more ELD and current speech and expressive/receptive language difficulties in their children, compared with the TR group. When examined further, we found ELD was associated with poorer performance on word reading and decoding tasks, as well as with speech and language difficulties. Conclusion: The results demonstrate multiple significant associations between reading difficulties, ELD, speech and language, especially in children with severe RD. The results add to research supporting comorbidity between these disorders and will help inform teachers and psychologists when assessing and treating children’s language-based disabilities.

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Reference values and factors associated with hand grip strength among older adults living in southeastern Poland

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89408-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Agnieszka Wiśniowska-Szurlej ◽

Agnieszka Ćwirlej-Sozańska ◽

Justyna Kilian ◽

Natalia Wołoszyn ◽

Bernard Sozański ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Older People ◽

Reference Values ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normative Values ◽

Dominant Hand ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

AbstractHandgrip strength (HGS) is used as a biomarker for the state of health of older people, but the number of research publications containing the normative values of HGS in older adult populations is limited. The aim of the study was to define reference values and factors associated with HGS in older adults living in southeastern Poland. A cross-sectional study including 405 participants aged 65 and older was conducted. Handgrip strength for the dominant hand was assessed by the average of three trials using a JAMAR dynamometer. The sample was categorized into the following age groups: 65–69 years, 70–74 years, 75–79 years, 80–84 years, 85 and over. The average HGS was 19.98 kg (16.91 kg for women and 26.19 kg for men). There was a decrease in handgrip strength across the age range in both sexes. The average handgrip strength of the older people was 17.97 kg (14.47 kg for women and 25.66 kg for men) for those aged 80–85 and 16.68 kg (13.51 kg for women and 21.77 kg for men) in the group over 85 years old. In both sexes, marital status was an independent factor associated with reduced handgrip strength. In conclusion, this study described, for the first time, handgrip strength values for the southeastern Polish population aged ≥ 65 years according to age and gender.

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Comparison of six-minute walk test in children with moderate/severe asthma with reference values for healthy children

Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português) ◽

10.1016/j.jpedp.2013.08.012 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 250-257

Author(s):

Lívia Barboza de Andrade ◽

Diogo A.R.G. Silva ◽

Taíza L.B. Salgado ◽

José N. Figueroa ◽

Norma Lucena-Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Asthma ◽

Reference Values ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Walk Test ◽

Six Minute Walk Test ◽

Minute Walk

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Heart rate recording method validated by whole body indirect calorimetry in 10-yr-old children

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1996.81.3.1169 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 1169-1173 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

A. Bitar ◽

M. Vermorel ◽

N. Fellmann ◽

M. Bedu ◽

A. Chamoux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Indirect Calorimetry ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Prediction Equation ◽

Whole Body ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Recording Method ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Best Fit ◽

Heart Rate Recording

The aim of the study was to validate the heart rate (HR) recording method against whole body indirect calorimetry in prepubertal children. Nineteen 10.5-yr-old healthy children (10 boys, 9 girls) participated in this study. HR and energy expenditure (EE) were recorded through laboratory tests. Individual relationships between HR and EE were computed (equation established in laboratory). Several models were tested and validated from 24-h measurements of EE and HR by whole body indirect calorimetry. The best fit was obtained with individual polynomial relationships. Mean differences between predicted (equation established in laboratory) and measured total daily EE averaged 7.6 +/- 20.1%. The causes of the differences and the means of improving the accuracy of the prediction equation are discussed.

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School-age children enjoyed good respiratory health and fewer allergies despite having lung disease after preterm birth

Acta Paediatrica ◽

10.1111/apa.13526 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 105 (11) ◽

pp. 1298-1304 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eveliina Ronkainen ◽

Tuula Kaukola ◽

Riitta Marttila ◽

Mikko Hallman ◽

Teija Dunder

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Respiratory Health ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age

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Kelekatan Antara Ibu dan Anak Usia Sekolah (Studi pada Ibu Sebagai Orang Tua Siswa Kelas 1 SDN Hanjuang Samijaya)

EMPATI Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial ◽

10.15408/empati.v6i1.9782 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 55-62

Author(s):

Meilanny Budiarti Santoso ◽

Megawati B

Keyword(s):

Social Relations ◽

Role Models ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Teaching Process ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Explorative Study ◽

Mother And Child ◽

And Function ◽

Role And Function

Mother possesses a central role in the process of educating children. Mother spends more time with children at home than in the school. Thus, the attachment between the child and the mother becomes a benchmark as having required the ability to perform interaction within constructed social relations of school-aged children. This study was conducted using an explorative study that focused on the ‘eyecatching’ of information and issues that obtained in the process of this study. Interview, observation and documentation techniques are applied. The results show that the attachment between mother and child is built on the basis of the various skills that must be owned by school-aged children. This also means the role and function of the mother in educating school-aged children, expecially teaching process, that is caring, willingness to share, respect, politeness and responsibility. Providing good role models is the best way to instill values in children, thus becoming the foundation for good attachment building between mother and child. Keywords: attachment, mother, children, school-age children.

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