scholarly journals Practice effects in healthy adults: A longitudinal study on frequent repetitive cognitive testing

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Bartels ◽  
Martin Wegrzyn ◽  
Anne Wiedl ◽  
Verena Ackermann ◽  
Hannelore Ehrenreich
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Practice Effects

Understanding Terminal Decline in Cognition and Risk of Death

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Rabbitt ◽  
Mary Lunn ◽  
Danny Wong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Impending Death ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
Reduced Risk

There is new empirical evidence that the effects of impending death on cognition have been miscalculated because of neglect of the incidence of dropout and of practice gains during longitudinal studies. When these are taken into consideration, amounts and rates of cognitive declines preceding death and dropout are seen to be almost identical, and participants aged 49 to 93 years who neither dropout nor die show little or no decline during a 20-year longitudinal study. Practice effects are theoretically informative. Positive gains are greater for young and more intelligent participants and at all levels of intelligence and durations of practice; declines in scores of 10% or more between successive quadrennial test sessions are risk factors for mortality. Higher baseline intelligence test scores are also associated with reduced risk of mortality, even when demographics and socioeconomic advantage have been taken into consideration.

Association of fine particulate matter with glucose and lipid metabolism: a longitudinal study in young adults

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-107039
Author(s):  
Jingyi Qin ◽  
Wei Xia ◽  
Gaodao Liang ◽  
Shunqing Xu ◽  
Xiuge Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Models

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate whether PM2.5 exposure in a highly polluted area (>100 µg/m3) affects glucose and lipid metabolism in healthy adults.MethodsWe recruited 110 healthy adults in Baoding city, Hebei, China, and followed them up between 2017 and 2018. Personal air samplers were used to monitor personal PM2.5 levels. Eight glucose and lipid metabolism parameters were quantified. We performed the linear mixed-effect models to investigate the relationships between PM2.5 and glucose and lipid metabolism parameters. Stratified analyses were further performed according to sex and body mass index (BMI).ResultsThe concentration of PM2.5 was the highest in spring, with a median of 232 μg/m3 and the lowest in autumn (139 μg/m3). After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that for each twofold increase in PM2.5, the median of insulin concentration decreased by 5.89% (95% CI −10.91% to −0.58%; p<0.05), and ox-LDL increased by 6.43% (95% CI 2.21% to 10.82%; p<0.05). Stratified analyses indicated that the associations were more pronounced in females, overweight and obese participants.ConclusionsExposure to high PM2.5 may have deleterious effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Females, overweight and obese participants are more vulnerable.

scholarly journals Acute ingestion of rosemary water: Evidence of cognitive and cerebrovascular effects in healthy adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1319-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Moss ◽  
Ellen Smith ◽  
Matthew Milner ◽  
Jemma McCready
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Acute Ingestion ◽  
The Impact

Background: The use of herbal extracts and supplements to enhance health and wellbeing is increasing in western society. Aims: This study investigated the impact of the acute ingestion of a commercially available water containing an extract and hydrolat of rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L. syn. Salvia rosmarinus Schleid.). Aspects of cognitive functioning, mood and cerebrovascular response measured by near-infrared spectroscopy provided the dependent variables. Methods: Eighty healthy adults were randomly allocated to consume either 250 mL of rosemary water or plain mineral water. They then completed a series of computerised cognitive tasks, followed by subjective measures of alertness and fatigue. Near-infrared spectroscopy monitored levels of total, oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin at baseline and throughout the cognitive testing procedure. Results: Analysis of the data revealed a number of statistically significant, small, beneficial effects of rosemary water on cognition, consistent with those found previously for the inhalation of the aroma of rosemary essential oil. Of particular interest here are the cerebrovascular effects noted for deoxygenated haemoglobin levels during cognitive task performance that were significantly higher in the rosemary water condition. This represents a novel finding in this area, and may indicate a facilitation of oxygen extraction at times of cognitive demand. Conclusion: Taken together the data suggest potential beneficial properties of acute consumption of rosemary water. The findings are discussed in terms of putative metabolic and cholinergic mechanisms.

Test-Retest Reliability and Practice Effects of the Stability Evaluation Test

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richelle M. Williams ◽  
Matthew A. Corvo ◽  
Kenneth C. Lam ◽  
Travis A. Williams ◽  
Lesley K. Gilmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Stability Evaluation ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Evaluation Test ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Context: Postural control plays an essential role in concussion evaluation. The Stability Evaluation Test (SET) aims to objectively analyze postural control by measuring sway velocity on the NeuroCom VSR portable force platform (Natus, San Carlos, CA). Objective: To assess the test-retest reliability and practice effects of the SET protocol. Design: Cohort. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: 50 healthy adults (20 men, 30 women, age 25.30 ± 3.60 y, height 166.60± 12.80 cm, mass 68.80 ± 13.90 kg). Interventions: All participants completed 4 trials of the SET. Each trial consisted of six 20-s balance tests with eyes closed, under the following conditions: double-leg firm (DFi), single-leg firm (SFi), tandem firm (TFi), double-leg foam (DFo), single-leg foam (SFo), and tandem foam (TFo). Each trial was separated by a 5-min seated rest period. Main Outcome Measures: The dependent variable was sway velocity (deg/s), with lower values indicating better balance. Sway velocity was recorded for each of the 6 conditions as well as a composite score for each trial. Test-retest reliability was analyzed across 4 trials with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Practice effects analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance, followed by Tukey post hoc comparisons for any significant main effects (P < .05). Results: Sway-velocity reliability values were good to excellent: DFi (ICC = .88; 95%CI: .81, .92), SFi (ICC = .75; 95%CI: .61, .85), TFi (ICC = .84; 95%CI: .75, .90), DFo (ICC = .83; 95%CI: .74, .90), SFo (ICC = .82; 95%CI: .72, .89), TFo (ICC = .81; 95%CI: .69, .88), and composite score (ICC = .93; 95%CI: .88, .95). Significant practice effects (P < .05) were noted on the SFi, DFo, SFo, TFo conditions and composite scores. Conclusions: Our results suggest the SET has good to excellent reliability for the assessment of postural control in healthy adults. Due to the practice effects noted, a familiarization session is recommended (ie, all 6 conditions) before data are recorded. Future studies should evaluate injured patients to determine meaningful change scores during various injuries.

scholarly journals Association Between Low Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Depression in a Large Sample of Healthy Adults: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1050-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
MinhTu T. Hoang ◽  
Laura F. DeFina ◽  
Benjamin L. Willis ◽  
David S. Leonard ◽  
Myron F. Weiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Low Serum

Predictive Factors of Manual Dexterity and Cognitive Performance at 17 Years: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study in a Rural Area of France

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Takser ◽  
Georges Dellatolas ◽  
Rosemarie Bowler ◽  
Nathalie Laplante ◽  
Guy Huel
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Children’S Behaviour

Studies of predictive factors of manual dexterity in adolescents and young adults are lacking. The present longitudinal study reports the relationships between cognitive and behavioural assessments at age 7 years and the schooling, cognitive performance, and manual dexterity at age 17 years. The participants were 65 schoolchildren, 30 boys and 35 girls, from a rural area in France. Assessment at age 7 years included the McCarthy scales and questionnaires measuring the behavior of the child, completed by the mother, the teacher, and the assessing psychologist. Assessment at age 17 years included schooling situation (whether they were in high school or not), cognitive testing (WAIS-R, Trail Making, Verbal Fluency, Cancel H. Stroop, Memory Assessment Scales), and manual dexterity resting (dynamometer, Finger Tapping, Santa Ana Test, Purdue Pegboard). After controlling for effects of parental education and IQ, a negative teachers' rating of children's behaviour and abilities in first-grade (7 years) was correlated with early cessation of schooling, but also, unexpectedly, with higher scores for manual dexterity at 17 years. Manual dexterity was not related to cognitive performance at 17 years. It is suggested that the relationship between manual and cognitive performance varies during development. Although manual exploratory behaviour is an important correlate of early cognitive development, manual dexterity is probably not related to later academic performance.

scholarly journals SHORT-TERM PRACTICE EFFECTS AND AMYLOID DEPOSITION: PROVIDING INFORMATION ABOVE AND BEYOND BASELINE COGNITION

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
K. Duff ◽  
D.B. Hammers ◽  
B.C.A. Dalley ◽  
K.R. Suhrie ◽  
T.J. Atkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Amyloid Deposition ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Short Term

Background: Practice effects, which are improvements in cognitive test scores due to repeated exposure to testing materials, may provide information about Alzheimer’s disease pathology, which could be useful for clinical trials enrichment. Objectives: The current study sought to add to the limited literature on short-term practice effects on cognitive tests and their relationship to amyloid deposition on neuroimaging. Participants: Twenty-seven, non-demented older adults (9 cognitively intact, 18 with mild cognitive impairment) received amyloid imaging with 18F-Flutemetamol, and two cognitive testing sessions across one week to determine practice effects. Results: A composite measure of 18F-Flutemetamol uptake correlated significantly with all seven cognitive tests scores on the baseline battery (r’s = -0.61 – 0.59, all p’s<0.05), with higher uptake indicating poorer cognition. Practice effects significantly added to the relationship (above and beyond the baseline associations) with 18F-Flutemetamol uptake on 4 of the 7 cognitive test scores (partial r’s = -0.45 – 0.44, p’s<0.05), with higher uptake indicating poorer practice effects. The odds ratio of being “amyloid positive” was 13.5 times higher in individuals with low practice effects compared to high practice effects. Conclusions: Short-term practice effects over one week may be predictive of progressive dementia and serve as an affordable screening tool to enrich samples for preventative clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals Monthly At-Home Computerized Cognitive Testing to Detect Diminished Practice Effects in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roos J. Jutten ◽  
Dorene M. Rentz ◽  
Jessie F. Fu ◽  
Danielle V. Mayblyum ◽  
Rebecca E. Amariglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Amyloid Burden ◽  
Preclinical Ad ◽  
At Home

Introduction: We investigated whether monthly assessments of a computerized cognitive composite (C3) could aid in the detection of differences in practice effects (PE) in clinically unimpaired (CU) older adults, and whether diminished PE were associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers and annual cognitive decline.Materials and Methods:N = 114 CU participants (age 77.6 ± 5.0, 61% female, MMSE 29 ± 1.2) from the Harvard Aging Brain Study completed the self-administered C3 monthly, at-home, on an iPad for one year. At baseline, participants underwent in-clinic Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite-5 (PACC5) testing, and a subsample (n = 72, age = 77.8 ± 4.9, 59% female, MMSE 29 ± 1.3) had 1-year follow-up in-clinic PACC5 testing available. Participants had undergone PIB-PET imaging (0.99 ± 1.6 years before at-home baseline) and Flortaucipir PET imaging (n = 105, 0.62 ± 1.1 years before at-home baseline). Linear mixed models were used to investigate change over months on the C3 adjusting for age, sex, and years of education, and to extract individual covariate-adjusted slopes over the first 3 months. We investigated the association of 3-month C3 slopes with global amyloid burden and tau deposition in eight predefined regions of interest, and conducted Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses to examine how accurately 3-month C3 slopes could identify individuals that showed &gt;0.10 SD annual decline on the PACC-5.Results: Overall, individuals improved on all C3 measures over 12 months (β = 0.23, 95% CI [0.21–0.25], p &lt; 0.001), but improvement over the first 3 months was greatest (β = 0.68, 95% CI [0.59–0.77], p &lt; 0.001), suggesting stronger PE over initial repeated exposures. However, lower PE over 3 months were associated with more global amyloid burden (r = −0.20, 95% CI [−0.38 – −0.01], p = 0.049) and tau deposition in the entorhinal cortex (r = −0.38, 95% CI [−0.54 – −0.19], p &lt; 0.001) and inferior-temporal lobe (r = −0.23, 95% CI [−0.41 – −0.02], p = 0.03). 3-month C3 slopes exhibited good discriminative ability to identify PACC-5 decliners (AUC 0.91, 95% CI [0.84–0.98]), which was better than baseline C3 (p &lt; 0.001) and baseline PACC-5 scores (p = 0.02).Conclusion: While PE are commonly observed among CU adults, diminished PE over monthly cognitive testing are associated with greater AD biomarker burden and cognitive decline. Our findings imply that unsupervised computerized testing using monthly retest paradigms can provide rapid detection of diminished PE indicative of future cognitive decline in preclinical AD.

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