Hepatitis A and E seroprevalence and associated risk factors: a community-based cross-sectional survey in rural Amazonia

ObjectivesThis is the first attempt to provide estimates on the prevalence of hypertension at the national, state and district level, a prerequisite for designing effective interventions. Besides, the study aims to identify the risk factors of hypertension.DesignWe analysed cross-sectional survey data from the fourth round (2015–2016) of National Family Health Survey (NFHS). NFHS was conducted between January 2015 and December 2016, gathering information on a range of indicators including blood pressure. The age adjusted prevalence of hypertension was calculated for state comparison, while multilevel logistic regression analysis was done to assess the correlates of hypertension.Setting and participantsIndia (2015–2016; n=811 917) aged 15–49.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome is hypertension, which has been defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg.ResultsThe age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension in India was 11.3% (95% CI 11.16% to 11.43%) among persons aged between 15 and 49 and was four percentage points higher among males 13.8% (95% CI 13.46% to 14.19%) than among females 10.9% (95% CI 10.79% to 11.06%). Persons in the urban location (12.5%, 95% CI 12.25% to 12.80%) had a marginally higher prevalence than persons in rural location (10.6%, 95% CI 10.50% to 10.78%). The proportion of population suffering from hypertension varied greatly between states, with a prevalence of 8.2% (95% CI 7.58% to 8.85%) in Kerala to 20.3% (95% CI 18.81% to 21.77%) in Sikkim. Advancing age, obesity/overweight, male sex, socioeconomic status and consumption of alcohol were found to be the major predictors of hypertension.ConclusionsHypertension prevalence is now becoming more concentrated among the poor. Policy measures should be taken to improve the hazardous working conditions and growing social pressures of survival responsible for ‘life-style’ changes such as consumption of high calorie food and alcohol.

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Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinaemia and Associated Factors among Ethiopian Adult Population in a 2015 National Survey

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/9210261 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Feyissa Challa ◽

Tigist Getahun ◽

Meron Sileshi ◽

Bikila Nigassie ◽

Zeleke Geto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Adult Population ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Steps Survey ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for major cardiovascular diseases, but data on the prevalence and predictors of HHcy in low- and middle-income countries like Ethiopia are scant. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HHcy and associated risk factors in the Ethiopian adult population. A cross-sectional survey on risks of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) using the STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) survey was conducted between April and June 2015. A total of 4,175 study participants were surveyed. Serum homocysteine (Hcy) and metabolic profile were determined using Cobas Integra 400 Plus and CardioChek PA analyzer, respectively. Factors associated with HHcy were determined using logistic regression. The mean serum tHcy concentration was 14.6 μmol/L, with 16.4 μmol/L in males and 13.4 μmol/L in females. Overall, 38% had HHcy, with figures in males (49%) higher than females (30%). Increased age, being male, and high blood pressure and/or taking blood pressure medication, as well as low consumption of fruit and/or vegetables, were independent risk factors for HHcy. In conclusion, the prevalence of HHcy among the adult Ethiopian population is alarmingly high. Improving diets through the promotion of fruit and vegetable consumption is needed to reduce the risk of NCDs.

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High HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among transgender women in China: a cross‐sectional survey

Journal of the International AIDS Society ◽

10.1002/jia2.25417 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hongjing Yan ◽

Wenjing Xiao ◽

Yunting Chen ◽

Yuanfang Chen ◽

Jessica Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Transgender Women ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Menstrual characteristics, disorders and associated risk factors among female international students in Zhejiang Province, China: a cross-sectional survey

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-019-0730-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Emmanuel Ansong ◽

Samuel Kofi Arhin ◽

Yaoyao Cai ◽

Xinxin Xu ◽

Xueqing Wu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

International Students ◽

Zhejiang Province ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors Among Saharawi Refugees (P10-071-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz034.p10-071-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sigrun Henjum ◽

Victoria Telle Hjellset ◽

Marte Karoline Raberg Kjollesdal ◽

Merethe Flaaten ◽

Eivind Andersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Refugee Camps ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Objectives Economic development, globalization and urbanization has resulted in a shift in dietary consumption and energy expenditure in low- and middle-income countries, called the Nutrition Transition. At the same time, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated co-morbidities are rising worldwide. The Saharawi refugees have been living in refugee camps in the Algerian desert since 1975 and are totally dependent on food aid. High prevalence of overweight and obesity has been reported among Saharawi women. Limited knowledge about the prevalence of T2D and associated risk factors exists in this population; therefore, the aim with this study was to address this gap in the literature. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in five Saharawi refugee camps, in Algeria and 180 women and 175 men were randomly selected. Participants’ blood glucose levels was assessed by HbA1c measurements and diagnosed with diabetes if HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol and prediabetes if HbA1c was between 42–47 mmol/mol. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISK) was used to assess various risk factors for T2D. Results Mean HbA1c among the Saharawi refugees was 38 mmol/mol. Seven and 15% were diagnosed with T2D and prediabetes, respectively, and 26% and 19% were overweight and obese, respectively. According to FINDRISK, 9% of the participants had high risk of developing diabetes, 10% had moderate risk, 37% had some risk and 44% had low risk. In multiple logistic regression models, after controlling for age, gender, number of children, BMI and education, the strongest predictor for diabetes was waist circumference, OR (95% CI): 1.1 (1.0, 1.1). The strongest predictor for prediabetes was age and waist circumference OR (95% CI): 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) and OR (95% CI): 1.1 (1.0, 1.1), respectively. Conclusions We found moderate prevalence of diabetes among the Saharawi refugees; however a high proportion had prediabetes and were suffering from overweight and obesity. In light of this, the rates of T2D are likely to increase dramatically in the near future. The Saharawi health authorities should pay attention to the increased risk of diabetes in this in this vulnerable population. Funding Sources Oslo Metropolitan University.

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Prevalence of and risk factors for respiratory symptoms in an adult urban population

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease ◽

10.5588/ijtld.20.0057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 16-22

Author(s):

Z. Akhter ◽

S. Razzaq ◽

U. Rabbani ◽

M. Irfan ◽

P. Burney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Cough ◽

Respiratory Symptom ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pakistani Population ◽

Multi Stage

OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of and risk factors for respiratory symptoms in an adult urban Pakistani population.METHODS: We conducted a multi-stage, community-based, cross-sectional survey from May 2014 to August 2015, comprising 1629 adults from 75 random clusters in Karachi using questionnaire-based interviews.RESULTS: Around 60% of participants were females and 43% belonged to the >37 years age group. At least one respiratory symptom was reported by 37.5% of participants. Breathlessness was the most common symptom (25.2%, 95%CI 23.1–27.3), followed by acute wheeze (10.1%, 95%CI 8.7–11.7). Multivariable models revealed that males and those aged >37 years were more likely to report acute and chronic phlegm and bronchitis, and breathlessness. Participants with a higher level of education were less likely to report acute and chronic cough. Participants with >5 years pack-years of smoking were more likely to report acute and chronic cough and breathlessness. Other risk factors included passive smoking, regular use of air conditioning and mosquito coils, wet spots and mould in the house, and exposure to dusty jobs.CONCLUSION: We found breathlessness to be the most prevalent respiratory symptom and identified various risk factors for respiratory symptoms.

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