Detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, and Vibrio cholerae in tap water and bottled drinking water in Isfahan, Iran

Abstract Samples of bottled water (n = 172) offered for sale in Canada were analyzed for lead, cadmium, arsenic, aluminum, and fluoride: means and ranges (μg/g) found were, respectively, 0.0026 (<0.0010- 0.074), 0.00018 (<0.0001-0.0004), 0.0030 (<0.001- 0.048), 0.027 (<0.010-0.568), and 0.543 (<0.050- 5.85). Comparison of levels among mineral waters (n = 64), spring waters (n = 77), and miscellaneous waters (n = 31) indicated appreciable differences only in the case of fluoride. For fluoride, the means and medians (μg/g) for mineral, spring, and miscellaneous waters were 1.179 and 0.455, 0.152 and 0.090, and 0.201 and <0.050, respectively. No samples were found in violation of the tolerances in the Canadian Food and Drug Regulations; however, 1 sample (in a lead-soldered can) contained lead and 15 samples contained fluoride at levels above the limits recommended by the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water (tap-water) Quality.

Download Full-text

PCR detection of Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella sp. from bottled drinking water in Iran

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.10160 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (09) ◽

pp. 700-705

Author(s):

Mojtaba Bonyadian ◽

Hamdallah Moshtaghi ◽

Hanie Nadi

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Screening Method ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Culture Methods ◽

E Coli ◽

Drinking Waters ◽

Polymerase Chain

Introduction: The quality of drinking water has an important role in human health. This study was aimed to detect Escherichia. coli, Salmonella sp. and Vibrio cholerae from bottled drinking waters produced in Iran. Methodology: A total of 240 samples of bottled water of different brands were collected for testing between March 2015 to December 2015 in Shahrekord-Iran. Samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with culture methods for the detection of E. coli, Salmonella sp., and V. cholerae. Results: The results of PCR revealed that the uidA gene from E. coli, IpaB gene from Salmonella sp, and epsM gene from V. cholerae were detected in 6 (2.5%), 1 (0.4 %), 0 (0%) of the samples, respectively. But in culture methods, only E. coli 5 (2.1%) were isolated from the samples. The contamination with E. coli was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in water produced during the hot seasons than the cold seasons. Conclusions: This study confirmed the presence of Escherichia coli as the main microorganism in bottle drinking water in Iran. Also, our study showed that PCR can be used as a screening method for monitoring the enteric pathogens in drinking water.

Download Full-text

Tendencies towards bottled drinking water consumption: Challenges ahead of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste management

Health Promotion Perspectives ◽

10.34172/hpp.2021.09 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 60-68

Author(s):

Hassan Aslani ◽

Parisa Pashmtab ◽

Abdolreza Shaghaghi ◽

Asghar Mohammadpoorasl ◽

Hassan Taghipour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Tap Water ◽

Bottled Water ◽

Water Usage ◽

Pet Waste ◽

Bottled Drinking Water ◽

Time Period ◽

Waste Generation Rate ◽

Tap Water Quality

Background: The main objective of this study was to investigate the logics behind tendencies towards bottled drinking water usage in spite of availability of treated tap water. The amount of waste bottle is also estimated in Iran and managing principles for resolving the issue presented. Methods: A questionnaire was used to survey the logics behind tendencies toward bottled drinking water consumption among 120 participants. In order to estimate the quantities of the PET wastes produced in the country, data about bottled water production rate as well as volume of the imported and exported drinking bottled water were collected from 1962 to 2015 and applied in the calculations. Results: Findings suggested that about 0.026 to 3.86 billion liters (about 1.04 billion literson average) of bottled water was consumed annually between 2000 and 2015. Furthermore, bottled water consumption increased from 0.41 to 48.9 L/capita-year within the same time period. In the meantime, the plastic bottle waste generation rate rose from 12.84 to 1519.38 g/capita-year. There is no efficient and suitable system for managing and recycling waste bottles in the country. The perceived unreliability of tap water quality was the main reason of bottled water consumption among 74% of the respondents. Conclusion: To reduce bottled water consumption and the associated harmful environmental and health consequences, measures such as informing people, validating public water supply quality, preventive rules enactment, and establishing extended producer responsibility (EPR) are highly recommended.

Download Full-text

Survival and growth of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli in treated groundwater consumed in northern Cameroon

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-020-01328-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Moussa Djaouda ◽

Zoua Wadoubé ◽

Odile Baponwa ◽

Soumayyata Youssoufa ◽

Bouba Gaké ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Mineral Water ◽

Tap Water ◽

Well Water ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

E Coli ◽

Northern Cameroon ◽

Oral Pathogens ◽

Survival And Growth

AbstractTreated groundwater is a major source of drinking water but subject to potential contamination of fecal–oral pathogens. To understand ecology of the pathogens in the treated water, this study evaluated survival and growth of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli in the treated groundwater in northern Cameroon. E. coli and V. cholerae O1 were isolated from human feces. Water samples were collected from the following sources: a well, tap water from the Cameroon Water Utilities Company, and mineral and borehole waters sold in Maroua, respectively. These waters were treated by one or more processes, including autoclaving, filtration, chlorination and ozonation and were used for the constitution of microcosms. E. coli and V. cholerae were inoculated into each microcosm at respective concentrations of 50 CFU/10 mL (separately) and 40 CFU/10 mL each (together). All bacterial strains survived in all microcosms were used. The ability to survive and grow varied with the bacterial strain and microcosm (P < 0.05). When inoculated separately into the same type of microcosms, V. cholerae grew faster than E. coli with the latter even showing decrease in concentration in mineral water. When inoculated together, V. cholerae grew faster than E. coli, except in autoclaved well water and filtered and autoclaved well water. Autochthonous ultramicroflora inhibited the growth of E. coli in filtered well water (P < 0.05).

Download Full-text

Abundance of pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae in Nkonkobe drinking water sources

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2006.011 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 289-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Maggy N. B. Momba ◽

Veronica K. Malakate ◽

Jacques Theron

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Water Samples ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Culture Media ◽

Water Sources ◽

E Coli ◽

Drinking Water Sources

In order to study the prevalence of enteric pathogens capable of causing infection and disease in the rural communities of Nkonkobe, bacterial isolates were collected from several surface water and groundwater sources used by the community for their daily water needs. By making use of selective culture media and the 20E API kit, presumptive Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Vibrio cholerae isolates were obtained and then analysed by polymerase chain reaction assays (PCR). The PCR successfully amplified from water samples a fragment of E. coli uidA gene that codes for β-D-glucuronidase which is a highly specific characteristic of enteropathogenic E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli and entero-invasive E. coli. The PCR also amplified the epsM gene from water samples containing toxigenic V. cholerae. Although E. coli was mostly detected in groundwater sources, toxigenic V. cholerae was detected in both surface and groundwater sources. There was a possibility of Salmonella typhimurium in Ngqele and Dyamala borehole water samples. The presence of these pathogenic bacteria in the above drinking water sources may pose a serious health risk to consumers.

Download Full-text

Icp-Ms Determination of Trace Metals in Drinking Water Sources in Jazan Area, Saudi Arabia

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.12.1.02 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 06-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mohamed Albratty ◽

Ismail Arbab ◽

Hassan Alhazmi ◽

Ibraheem Attafi ◽

Abdul Al-Rajab

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Water Samples ◽

Research Team ◽

Tap Water ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

World Health ◽

Bottled Drinking Water ◽

Icp Ms

Requisite reference facts about essential elements in treated and plastic bottled drinking water is usually mentioned on the products. However, more information is sometime crucial regarding trace elements in treated, bottled and other sources of drinking water such as tap water to evaluate their quality. This study is aimed to evaluate drinking water quality in the main governorates (Jazan, Sabya and Abu Arish) of Jazan province located in the South-Western region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This is the first such study carried out in Jazan city so that the research team can come out with valuable recommendations in the issue. The research team has collected a sum of 68 water samples from different sources comprising hospitals (treated tap water), stations for drinking water treatment (large blue bottles of drinking water) and bottled drinking water (purchased from local markets). Using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the concentrations of 20 elements were determined. The physiochemical parameters of water samples were measured. All parameters were within the recommended limits of the World Health Organization (WHO, 2011) and Gulf Cooperation Council Standardization Organization (GSO, 2008). Trace and major elements were found to be below the standard guideline values , except for uranium in some tap water samples. This preliminary study will significantly improve the awareness and knowledge among the society about the drinking water quality in Jazan area.

Download Full-text

Taqman hydrolysis probe application for Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Vibrio cholerae detection in surface and drinking water

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2019.137 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 492-499

Author(s):

Ahmed K. A. El-Sayed ◽

Mohamed I. Abou-Dobara ◽

Camelia A. Abdel-Malak ◽

Amira A. E. El-Badaly

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Membrane Filtration ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Distribution Networks ◽

E Coli ◽

Taqman Qpcr

Abstract This study explored the applicability of using TaqMan qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) for Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and non-virulent Vibrio cholerae detection in surface and drinking water. One hundred and twenty water samples were collected monthly (January 2017–December 2017) from the surface water (input) and drinking water (output and distribution networks) of two drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in Damietta County, Egypt. The distribution of the studied bacteria based on their detection by TaqMan qPCR compared with membrane filtration (MF) technique showed that the higher positive samples were detected by TaqMan qPCR. The bacterial count was totally absent in all output samples. TaqMan qPCR assay (based on sequence detection of uidA, invA, and ompW) revealed 97.96%, 99.14%, and 98.3% specificity for E. coli, S. enterica, and non-virulent V. cholerae, respectively, compared with 100% specificity for all strains when MF cultures were applied. TaqMan qPCR exhibited 100% sensitivity for all strains, while it was 91.67%, 80%, and 50% using MF cultures for E. coli, S. enterica, and non-virulent V. cholerae, respectively. In conclusion, TaqMan qPCR sensitivity makes it a useful tool for urgent fast monitoring of water contamination, especially in network samples that contain low bacterial count.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Legionella spp. and Escherichia coli in the drinking water distribution system of Wrocław (Poland)

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2020.034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 1083-1090

Author(s):

M. Wolf-Baca ◽

A. Siedlecka

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Legionella Pneumophila ◽

Water Samples ◽

Distribution System ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Tap Water ◽

Potential Threat ◽

E Coli ◽

Drinking Water Distribution

Abstract Drinking water should be free from bacterial pathogens that threaten human health. The most recognised waterborne opportunistic pathogens, dwelling in tap water, are Legionella pneumophila and Escherichia coli. Drinking water samples were tested for the presence of Legionella spp., L. pneumophila, and E. coli in overall sample microbiomes using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) approach. The results indicate a rather low contribution of Legionella spp. in total bacteria in the tested samples, but L. pneumophila was not detected in any sample. E. coli was detected in only one sample, but at a very low level. The qacEΔ1 gene, conferring resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds, was also not detected in any sample. The results point to generally sufficient quality of drinking water, although the presence of Legionella spp. in tap water samples suggests proliferation of these bacteria in heating units, causing a potential threat to consumer health.

Download Full-text

Electrochemical Drinking Water Disinfection with TiO2-x Ceramic Electrodes at Flow Conditions

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.133 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 721 ◽

pp. 133-137

Author(s):

Viktorija Denisova ◽

Linda Mezule ◽

Tālis Juhna ◽

Jurijs Ozolins

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Titanium Oxide ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Tap Water ◽

Water Disinfection ◽

Flow Conditions ◽

System Parameters ◽

Ceramic Electrodes ◽

Drinking Water Disinfection

Electrochemical disinfection device EDI-001 equipped with titanium oxide (TiO2-x) ceramic electrodes was tested as a system for direct treatment of drinking water at flow conditions. Laboratory experiments were conducted to estimate the disinfection efficiency and main system parameters. Escherichia coli was selected as the model microorganism. The results have shown that contaminated tap water was completely disinfected within 15 minutes by using EDI-001.

Download Full-text