scholarly journals Biocompatible FePO4 Nanoparticles: Drug Delivery, RNA Stabilization, and Functional Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Rayamajhi ◽  
Sarah Wilson ◽  
Santosh Aryal ◽  
Robert DeLong
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
Rna Stabilization ◽  
High Bioavailability

AbstractFePO4 NPs are of special interest in food fortification and biomedical imaging because of their biocompatibility, high bioavailability, magnetic property, and superior sensory performance that do not cause adverse organoleptic effects. These characteristics are desirable in drug delivery as well. Here, we explored the FePO4 nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle for the anticancer drug, doxorubicin, with an optimum drug loading of 26.81% ± 1.0%. This loading further enforces the formation of Fe3+ doxorubicin complex resulting in the formation of FePO4-DOX nanoparticles. FePO4-DOX nanoparticles showed a good size homogeneity and concentration-dependent biocompatibility, with over 70% biocompatibility up to 80 µg/mL concentration. Importantly, cytotoxicity analysis showed that Fe3+ complexation with DOX in FePO4-DOX NPs enhanced the cytotoxicity by around 10 times than free DOX and improved the selectivity toward cancer cells. Furthermore, FePO4 NPs temperature-stabilize RNA and support mRNA translation activity showing promises for RNA stabilizing agents. The results show the biocompatibility of iron-based inorganic nanoparticles, their drug and RNA loading, stabilization, and delivery activity with potential ramifications for food fortification and drug/RNA delivery.

scholarly journals A Computational Method Involving Surface Area to Volume Ratio to Estimate Inorganic Nanoparticle Efficacy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley A. Williams ◽  
Ashley J. Denslow ◽  
Peter W. Radulovic ◽  
Daniel J. Denmark ◽  
Shyam S. Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Simultaneous Sensing

Inorganic nanoparticles are utilized for therapeutic, diagnostic, or theranostic purposes and the latter involve simultaneous sensing, imaging, or tracking of drug delivery. Further, these nanoparticles differ in their morphologies, which affect outcomes such as the effectiveness of hyperthermia, induction, drug loading, circulation time by escaping the body's immune system, imaging modality clarity, and biosensing. However, design of these theranostics is limited by the lack of a method to predict their therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we report a computational approach involving the surface area (SA) to volume (V) ratios (SA:V), which can help predict the efficacy of the inorganic nanoparticles. The approach comprises a coding platform for the comparator pro-gram and uses a Python 3 on a Windows 10 operating system. Analyses of 22 polyhedral morphologies that inorganic nanoparticles could assume ex silico showed that only particular concave morphologies in this size regime are more productive over the standard sizes. Our results provide a method that can aid in the predicting efficacy of inorganic nanoparticles with certain morphology.

scholarly journals Soya nuggets – a potential carrier: swelling kinetics and release of hydrophobic drugs

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (112) ◽  
pp. 92184-92188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Bhutani ◽  
Saptarshi Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Swelling Kinetics ◽  
Hydrophobic Drugs ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Swelling Degree

Soya nuggets were used as a drug delivery vehicle. The swelling degree of the soya nuggets was responsible for efficient drug loading and release.

Lipid-Coated Nanosized Drug Delivery Systems For An Effective Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozge Esim ◽  
Canan Hascicek
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Coated Nanoparticle

: Currently, despite many active compounds have been introduced to the treatment, cancer remains one of the most vital causes of mortality and reduced quality of life. Conventional cancer treatments may have undesirable consequences due to the continuously differentiating, dynamic and heterogeneous nature of cancer. Recent advances in the field of cancer treatment have promoted the development of several novel nanoformulations. Among them, the lipid coated nanosized drug delivery systems have gained an increasing attention by the researchers in this field owing to the attractive properties such as high stability and biocompatibility, prolonged circulation time, high drug loading capacity and superior in vivo efficacy. They possess the advantages of both the liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles which makes them a chosen one in the field of drug delivery and targeting. Core-shell type lipid-coated nanoparticle systems, which provide the most prominent advantages of both liposomes such as biocompatibility and polymeric/inorganic nanoparticles such as mechanic properties, offer a new approach to cancer treatment. This review discusses design and production procedures used to prepare lipid-coated nanoparticle drug delivery systems, their advantages and multifunctional role in cancer therapy and diagnosis, as well as the applications they have been used in.

scholarly journals Encapsulation for Cancer Therapy

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Montané ◽  
Anna Bajek ◽  
Krzysztof Roszkowski ◽  
Josep M. Montornés ◽  
Marta Giamberini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Drug Release Mechanism

The current rapid advancement of numerous nanotechnology tools is being employed in treatment of many terminal diseases such as cancer. Nanocapsules (NCs) containing an anti-cancer drug offer a very promising alternative to conventional treatments, mostly due to their targeted delivery and precise action, and thereby they can be used in distinct applications: as biosensors or in medical imaging, allowing for cancer detection as well as agents/carriers in targeted drug delivery. The possibility of using different systems—inorganic nanoparticles, dendrimers, proteins, polymeric micelles, liposomes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), quantum dots (QDs), biopolymeric nanoparticles and their combinations—offers multiple benefits to early cancer detection as well as controlled drug delivery to specific locations. This review focused on the key and recent progress in the encapsulation of anticancer drugs that include methods of preparation, drug loading and drug release mechanism on the presented nanosystems. Furthermore, the future directions in applications of various nanoparticles are highlighted.

scholarly journals Chitosan-Based Nanogel Enhances Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of 10-Hydroxycamptothecin against Human Breast Cancer Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Guo ◽  
Faping Li ◽  
Heping Qiu ◽  
Qi Zheng ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Cell Internalization ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Positively Charged

Chitosan (CS), the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, has been widely developed as a nanoscopic drug delivery vehicle due to its intriguing characteristics. In this work, a positively charged CS-based nanogel was designed and synthesized to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines. The model drug of 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) was entrapped into the core via a facile diffusion to form CS/HCPT. The characteristics of CS/HCPT were evaluated by assessing particle size, drug loading content, and drug loading efficiency. Furthermore, cell internalization, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis of CS/HCPT were also investigated in vitro. The present investigation indicated that the positively charged CS-based nanogel could be potentially used as a promising drug delivery system.

scholarly journals Overview of nanogel and its applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 040-061
Author(s):  
Shailesh D Ghaywat ◽  
Pooja S Mate ◽  
Yogesh M Parsutkar ◽  
Ashwini D Chandimeshram ◽  
Milind J Umekar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Carrier System

Nanogel have emerged as a versatile drug delivery system for encapsulation of guest molecules. A nanoparticle which is composed of hydrophilic polymer network known as Nanogel having range from 100-200nm. Nanogel have swellable and degradation properties with high drug loading capacity, high stability, sustained and targetable manner, large surface area. Therefore, nanogel are more productive than conventional and micro-sized delivery. In recent year in the field of biotechnology nanogel were prominently used to deal with genetics, enzyme immobilization and protein synthesis. Moreover, it has productive asset for the development of novel therapeutic system in medicine. These are soft materials capable of holding small molecular biomacromolecules, therapeutics, and inorganic nanoparticles within their crosslinked networks, which allows them to find applications for therapy as well as imaging of a variety of disease conditions. These properties not only enhance the functionality of the carrier system but also help in overcoming many challenges associated with the delivery of cargo molecules. This review aims to highlight the distinct and unique capabilities of nanogels as carrier system, Synthesis of nanogels, Types of Physical and chemical crosslinked nanogels, Stimuli responsive behavior, In vivo behavior, Therapeutic drug carrier, marketed formulation of Nanogels and the last part of review summarizes the applications of nanogels in various diseases. Transdermal drug delivery, diabetes, anti-inflammatory, vaginal drug delivery, neurodegenerative diseases, ocular dieses, autoimmune disease, and anticancer treatment for specially targeting the cancer cells, thereby reducing uptake into healthy cells. This nanogel drug delivery is a phenomenal system, and further depth study is required to explore their interaction at cellular and molecular levels and minimize the challenges.

scholarly journals A Computational Method Involving Surface Area to Volume Ratio to Estimate Inorganic Nanoparticle Efficacy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley A. Williams ◽  
Ashley J. Denslow ◽  
Peter W. Radulovic ◽  
Daniel J. Denmark ◽  
Shyam S. Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Simultaneous Sensing

Inorganic nanoparticles are utilized for therapeutic, diagnostic, or in combination, theranostic purposes. The latter involves simultaneous sensing, imaging, or tracking of drug delivery. Furthermore, these nanoparticles can differ in their morphologies, which affect outcomes such as the effectiveness of hyperthermia, induction, drug loading, circulation time by escaping the body's immune system, imaging modality clarity, and biosensing. However, design of these theranostics is limited by the lack of a method to predict their therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we report a simple and novel computational approach via algebraic and geometric calculations of surface area (SA) to volume (V) ratios (SA:V) which can help predict the efficacy of the inorganic nanoparticles of the investigated morphologies. The approach comprises a coding platform for the program and uses Python 3 on a Windows 10 operating system. Analyses of 29 polyhedral morphologies that inorganic nanoparticles could assume ex silico showed that only particular concave and convex morphologies in this size regime are more productive over the standard sizes as well as a few noted in literature for baseline comparison. Our results provide a method that can aid in predicting the efficacy of inorganic nanoparticles with certain morphology giving rise to their fundamental basis and eventual implementation ex silico.

Molecular Dynamic Simulation Study on Soy Protein As Drug Delivery Vehicle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoyuan Zheng ◽  
Akash Singh ◽  
Yumeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Van Der Waals Interactions ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Polar Residues

Abstract Protein-based drug carriers are promising candidates for efficient drug delivery among the available potential colloidal carrier systems, due to their low cytotoxicity, abundance, renewability, diverse functional groups and interactions, and high drug loading capacity, etc. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to study the mechanisms of 11S molecule of soy protein as drug delivery vehicle to attach allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and doxorubicin (DOX) drugs. The intermolecular interactions between protein and drugs are investigated; and the loading capacities of the protein molecules are calculated and compared with experiments. It is found that, for the AITC system, both nonpolar and polar residues of protein have the ability to adsorb AITCs; particularly, the polar residues serve as the primary active sites for the stable attachment of the drug molecules through the electrostatic (dipole-dipole) interactions. For the DOX system, however, the main driving force become the π-π stacking (the van der Waals interactions) among the aromatic rings of DOX and protein. In addition to pristine protein, different denaturation processes are found to be able to increase the exposure of active sites, therefore, enhance the loading efficiency of the protein carriers.

An Overview of Second Generation Nanoparticles− Nanostructure Lipid Carrier Drug Delivery System

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 5181-5189
Author(s):  
Prabhat Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Neha S.L ◽  
Arzoo Pannu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Random Structure ◽  
Stability Parameters

Lipids are used as vehicles for the preparation of various formulations prescribed for administrations, including emulsions, ointments, suspension, tablets, and suppositories. The first parental nano-emulsion was discovered from the 1950s when it was added to the intravenous administration of lipid and lipid-soluble substances. Lipid-based drug delivery systems are important nowadays. Solid nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are very proficient due to the ease of production process, scale-up capability, bio-compatibility, the biodegradability of formulation components and other specific features of the proposed route. The administration or nature of the materials must be loaded into these delivery systems. The main objectives of this review are to discuss an overview of second-generation nanoparticles, their limitations, structures, and route of administration, with emphasis on the effectiveness of such formulations. NLC is the second generation of lipid nanoparticles having a structure like nanoemulsion. The first generation of nanoparticles was SLN. The difference between both of them is at its core. Both of them are a colloidal carrier in submicron size in the range of 40-1000 nm. NLC is the most promising novel drug delivery system over the SLN due to solving the problem of drug loading and drug crystallinity. Solid and liquid lipids combination in NLC formation, improve its quality as compare to SLN. NLC has three types of structures: random, amorphous, and multiple. The random structure containing solid-liquid lipids and consisting crystal and the liquid lipid irregular in shape; thereby enhance the ability of the lipid layer to pass through the membrane. The second is the amorphous structure. It is less crystalline in nature and can prevent the leakage of the loaded drug. The third type is multiple structures, which have higher liquid lipid concentrations than other types. The excipients used to form the NLC are bio-compatible, biodegradable and non-irritating, most of which can be detected using GRAS. NLC is a promising delivery system to deliver the drug through pulmonary, ocular, CNS, and oral route of administration. Various methods of preparation and composition of NLC influence its stability Parameters. In recent years at the educational level, the potential of NLC as a delivery mechanism targeting various organs has been investigated in detail.

Chitosan-based Polymer Matrix for Pharmaceutical Excipients and Drug Delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 2502-2513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Iqbal Hassan Khan ◽  
Xingye An ◽  
Lei Dai ◽  
Hailong Li ◽  
Avik Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Innovative Drug ◽  
Pharmaceutical Excipients ◽  
Weight Variation

The development of innovative drug delivery systems, versatile to different drug characteristics with better effectiveness and safety, has always been in high demand. Chitosan, an aminopolysaccharide, derived from natural chitin biomass, has received much attention as one of the emerging pharmaceutical excipients and drug delivery entities. Chitosan and its derivatives can be used for direct compression tablets, as disintegrant for controlled release or for improving dissolution. Chitosan has been reported for use in drug delivery system to produce drugs with enhanced muco-adhesiveness, permeation, absorption and bioavailability. Due to filmogenic and ionic properties of chitosan and its derivative(s), drug release mechanism using microsphere technology in hydrogel formulation is particularly relevant to pharmaceutical product development. This review highlights the suitability and future of chitosan in drug delivery with special attention to drug loading and release from chitosan based hydrogels. Extensive studies on the favorable non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, solubility and molecular weight variation have made this polymer an attractive candidate for developing novel drug delivery systems including various advanced therapeutic applications such as gene delivery, DNA based drugs, organ specific drug carrier, cancer drug carrier, etc.

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