An Overview of Second Generation Nanoparticles− Nanostructure Lipid Carrier Drug Delivery System

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 5181-5189
Author(s):  
Prabhat Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Neha S.L ◽  
Arzoo Pannu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Random Structure ◽  
Stability Parameters

Lipids are used as vehicles for the preparation of various formulations prescribed for administrations, including emulsions, ointments, suspension, tablets, and suppositories. The first parental nano-emulsion was discovered from the 1950s when it was added to the intravenous administration of lipid and lipid-soluble substances. Lipid-based drug delivery systems are important nowadays. Solid nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are very proficient due to the ease of production process, scale-up capability, bio-compatibility, the biodegradability of formulation components and other specific features of the proposed route. The administration or nature of the materials must be loaded into these delivery systems. The main objectives of this review are to discuss an overview of second-generation nanoparticles, their limitations, structures, and route of administration, with emphasis on the effectiveness of such formulations. NLC is the second generation of lipid nanoparticles having a structure like nanoemulsion. The first generation of nanoparticles was SLN. The difference between both of them is at its core. Both of them are a colloidal carrier in submicron size in the range of 40-1000 nm. NLC is the most promising novel drug delivery system over the SLN due to solving the problem of drug loading and drug crystallinity. Solid and liquid lipids combination in NLC formation, improve its quality as compare to SLN. NLC has three types of structures: random, amorphous, and multiple. The random structure containing solid-liquid lipids and consisting crystal and the liquid lipid irregular in shape; thereby enhance the ability of the lipid layer to pass through the membrane. The second is the amorphous structure. It is less crystalline in nature and can prevent the leakage of the loaded drug. The third type is multiple structures, which have higher liquid lipid concentrations than other types. The excipients used to form the NLC are bio-compatible, biodegradable and non-irritating, most of which can be detected using GRAS. NLC is a promising delivery system to deliver the drug through pulmonary, ocular, CNS, and oral route of administration. Various methods of preparation and composition of NLC influence its stability Parameters. In recent years at the educational level, the potential of NLC as a delivery mechanism targeting various organs has been investigated in detail.

A Review on Formulation and Development of Solid Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 5519-5228
Author(s):  
Sunitha M Reddy ◽  
Sravani Baskarla
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Particle Size Reduction

This article describes current strategies to enhance aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of poor soluble drugs. Most drugs in the market are lipophilic with low or poor water solubility. There are various methods to enhance solubility: co-solvency, particle size reduction, salt formation and Self Nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, SEDDS is a novel approach to enhance solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of drugs. The study involves formulation and evaluation of solid self-Nano emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) to enhance aqueous solubility and dissolution rate. Oral route is the most convenient route for non-invasive administration. S-SNEDDS has more advantages when compared to the liquid self-emulsifying drug delivery system. Excipients were selected depends upon the drug compatibility oils, surfactants and co surfactants were selected to formulate Liquid SNEDDS these formulated liquid self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system converted into solid by the help of porous carriers, Melted binder or with the help of drying process. Conversion process of liquid to solid involves various techniques; they are spray drying; freeze drying and fluid bed coating technique; extrusion, melting granulation technique. Liquid SNEDDS has a high ability to improve dissolution and solubility of drugs but it also has disadvantages like incompatibility, decreased drug loading, shorter shelf life, ease of manufacturing and ability to deliver peptides that are prone to enzymatic hydrolysis.  

scholarly journals Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: A Groundbreaking Approach for Transdermal Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iti Chauhan ◽  
Mohd Yasir ◽  
Madhu Verma ◽  
Alok Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Skin Targeting

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are novel pharmaceutical formulations which are composed of physiological and biocompatible lipids, surfactants and co-surfactants. Over time, as a second generation lipid nanocarrier NLC has emerged as an alternative to first generation nanoparticles. This review article highlights the structure, composition, various formulation methodologies, and characterization of NLCs which are prerequisites in formulating a stable drug delivery system. NLCs hold an eminent potential in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics market because of extensive beneficial effects like skin hydration, occlusion, enhanced bioavailability, and skin targeting. This article aims to evoke an interest in the current state of art NLC by discussing their promising assistance in topical drug delivery system. The key attributes of NLC that make them a promising drug delivery system are ease of preparation, biocompatibility, the feasibility of scale up, non-toxicity, improved drug loading, and stability.

scholarly journals MICROSPONGES AS A NEOTERIC CORNUCOPIA FOR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
SARIPILLI RAJESWARI ◽  
VANAPALLI SWAPNA
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Porous Microspheres ◽  
Oral Dosage Forms

Microsponges (MSPs) are at the forefront of the rapidly developing field of novel drug delivery systems which are gaining popularity due to their use for controlled release and targeted drug delivery. The microsponge delivery system (MDS) is a patented polymeric system consisting of porous microspheres typically 10-25 microns in diameter, loaded with an active agent. They are tiny sponge-like spherical particles that consist of a myriad of interconnecting voids within a non-collapsible structure with a large porous surface through which active ingredient is released in a controlled manner. Microsponge also hold a certification as one of the potential approaches for gastric retention where many oral dosage forms face several physiological restrictions due to non-uniform absorption pattern, inadequate medication release and shorter residence time in the stomach. This type of drug delivery system which is non-irritating, non-allergic, non-toxic, can suspend or entrap a wide variety of substances, and can then be incorporated into a formulated product such as gel, cream, liquid or powder that is why it is called as a “versatile drug delivery system”. It overcomes the drawbacks of other formulations such as frequency of dosing, drug reaction, incompatibility with environmental condition. These porous microspheres were exclusively designed for chronotherapeutic topical drug delivery but attempt to utilize them for oral, pulmonary and parenteral drug delivery were also made. The present review elaborates about the multifunctional microsponge technology including its preparation, characterization, evaluation methods along with recent research and future potential.

scholarly journals Environment Responsive Metal–Organic Frameworks as Drug Delivery System for Tumor Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yan ◽  
Yue Jin ◽  
Chuanxiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Uptake ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metal Organic

AbstractNanoparticles as drug delivery systems can alter the drugs' hydrophilicity to affect drug uptake and efflux in tissues. They prevent drugs from non-specifically binding with bio-macromolecules and enhance drug accumulation at the lesion sites, improving therapy effects and reducing unnecessary side effects. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), the typical nanoparticles, a class of crystalline porous materials via self-assembled organic linkers and metal ions, exhibit excellent biodegradability, pore shape and sizes, and finely tunable chemical composition. MOFs have a rigid molecular structure, and tunable pore size can improve the encapsulation drug's stability under harsh conditions. Besides, the surface of MOFs can be modified with small-molecule ligands and biomolecule, and binding with the biomarkers which is overexpressed on the surface of cancer cells. MOFs formulations for therapeutic have been developed to effectively respond to the unique tumor microenvironment (TEM), such as high H2O2 levels, hypoxia, and high concentration glutathione (GSH). Thus, MOFs as a drug delivery system should avoid drugs leaking during blood circulation and releasing at the lesion sites via a controlling manner. In this article, we will summary environment responsive MOFs as drug delivery systems for tumor therapy under different stimuli.

scholarly journals Nanoparticulate targeted drug delivery systems - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2505-2518
Author(s):  
Sindhuja Devaraj ◽  
Ganesh GNK
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Developing System ◽  
General Method

Nanoparticulate drug delivery system are the rapidly developing system, and nanoparticles are present in the size range of 1-100nm. Nanoparticles composed of various thermal, electrical, and optical property. Nanoparticles offers the potential advantages over the traditional dosage forms it is ascribable to the properties of nanoparticles. Nanoparticulate drug delivery system ensures the site-specific delivery of a drug(Targeting drug delivery) and aids in improving the efficacy of the new as well as old drugs and has the potential in crossing the various physiological barriers and also improves the therapeutic index of the drugs and increases the patient compliance. The objectives of this review is to classify the nanoparticles based on the different groups, surface properties of nanoparticles, describe the strategies of drug targeting, the necessity of nanoparticles their general method of preparation, different methods used in characterization, self- assembly and mechanism of drug release in a systemic manner. The potential advantages and limitations of various nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are also discussed elaborately.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FORMULATION SELF-NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ROMANG PARANG LEAVES (BOEHMERIA VIRGATA)

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
MAGFIRAH ◽  
INDAH KURNIA UTAMI
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Lattice Design

Objective: Parang romang (Boehmeria virgata) is one of the traditional medicines that are used empirically by Makassar tribal healers, South Sulawesi, as an antitumor drug. This traditional medicine contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. However, secondary metabolites of those leaves extract have low solubility in water. Hence, to be formula, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is one of the solutions to increase the extract solubility. Methods: The optimization of two formula optimum SNEDDS parang romang leaves (T80PGMZ and T20PGMZ) was using the simple lattice design (SLD) method which will give 28 SNEDDS formula parang romang leaves each of which the formula is tested for its characteristics as a critical point include emulsification time, % transmittance, drug loading, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and morphology particle. Results: The results of SNEDDS characterization obtained the optimum formula T80PGMZ with emulsification time 12.6 s, % transmittance 92.21%, drug loading 68.21 ppm, particle size 370.26 nm, zeta potential −31.4 mV, polydispersity index of 0.615, and regular particle morphology with spherical chunks at a magnification of 10,000 times with a particle size of 10 μm. Conclusion: SNEDDS of parang romang leaves extracts that used olive oil as oil phase, Tween 80 as a surfactant, and propylene glycol as the cosurfactant provided nanoemulsion with good characteristics.

Short Review on Novel Dosage Form

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-303
Author(s):  
Tushar N. Sonawane ◽  
Pradip D. Dhangar ◽  
Sagar D Patil ◽  
Azam Z. Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Drug Delivery System ◽  
Novel Drug

Novel Drug Delivery Systems are one of the widely use delivery system in the presence scenario. Novel drug delivery system is a novel approach to drug delivery that addresses the limitations of the traditional drug delivery systems. In the form of a Novel Drug Delivery System an existing drug molecule can get a new life. The novel drug delivery system is Increases bioavailability and it Can be used for long-term treatments of chronic illness, Sustained maintenance of plasma drug levels as well as it Decreased adverse drug effects in the total amount of drugs required thus reducing side effects it Improved patient compliance due to reduction in number and frequency of doses required. There is less damage sustained by normal tissue due to targeted drug delivery. In this paper our main focus to give the throughout knowledge of some newer (Novel drug delivery system) to understand the concept of the Novel dossage form.

A Smart Drug Delivery System Based on Thermo-Responsive Polymer Gated Au NRs@SiO2 Nano-Platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1029-1036
Author(s):  
Hongzhu Wang ◽  
Mengxun Chen ◽  
Liping Song ◽  
Youju Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Temperature Sensitive

A key challenge for nanoparticles-based drug delivery system is to achieve manageable drug release in tumour cell. In this study, a versatile system combining photothermal therapy and controllable drug release for tumour cells using temperature-sensitive block copolymer coupled Au NRs@SiO2 is reported. While the Au NRs serve as hyperthermal agent and the mesoporous silica was used to improve the drug loading and decrease biotoxicity. The block copolymer acted as “gatekeeper” to regulate the release of model drug (Doxorubicin hydrochloride, DOX). Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, we achieved the truly controllable drug release and photothermal therapy with the collaborative effect of the three constituents of the nanocomposites. The reported nanocomposites pave the way to high-performance controllable drug release and photothermal therapy system.

scholarly journals In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Antitumor Activity of Dual-Targeting Drug Delivery System Based on Modified Magnetic Carbon by Folate

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jinglei Du ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Shicai Wang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Folate Receptor ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Dual Targeting

A dual-targeting drug delivery system (DTDDS) with magnetic targeting and active targeting was obtained to improve the targeting and drug-loading capacity of magnetic drug nanocarriers. An ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and flow cytometry were used to investigate the drug-loading and release capacity, cytotoxicity, and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, separately. Results show that DTDDS has obvious magnetic characteristics, on which the modification amount of folic acid is 64.82 mg g-1. Doxorubicin was taken as a template drug to evaluate its drug-loading capacity, which was as high as 577.12 mg g-1. Good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity of DTDDS were further confirmed. Moreover, DTDDS can target the folate receptor on the surface of HeLa cells and deliver doxorubicin into HeLa cells, thereby increasing the proliferation inhibition for cancer cells. Therefore, this new dual-targeting drug delivery system shows potential in significantly reducing the toxic side effects of chemotherapy and improving chemotherapy efficiency.

Preparation and anti-cancer activity of transferrin/folic acid double-targeted graphene oxide drug delivery system

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taicheng Lu ◽  
Zhenzhen Nong ◽  
Liying Wei ◽  
Mei Wei ◽  
Guo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Target Drug Delivery ◽  
Target Drug ◽  
Target Drug Delivery System

In this study, a transferrin/folic acid double-targeting graphene oxide drug delivery system loaded with doxorubicin was designed. Graphene oxide was prepared by ultrasound improved Hummers method and was modified with Pluronic F68, folic acid, and transferrin to decrease its toxicity and to allow dual-targeting. The results show that the double target drug delivery system (TFGP*DOX) has good and controllable drug delivery performance with no toxicity. Moreover, TFGP*DOX has a better inhibitory effect on SMMC-7721 cells than does a single target drug delivery system (FGP*DOX). The results of drug release analysis and cell inhibition studies showed that TFGP*DOX has a good sustained release function that can reduce the drug release rate in blood circulation over time and improve the local drug concentration in or near a targeted tumor. Therefore, the drug loading system (TFGP*DOX) has potential application value in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

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