Seroconversion rates following 2 doses of measles- mumps- rubella vaccination given at the ages 12 and 18 months: data for possible additional dose at older age

Abstract Background Despite high rate of vaccination coverage with 2-doses of measles containing vaccine among Iranian children, outbreaks of measles occurred among different age groups and fully vaccinated subjects. Although the main reason for these outbreaks is unknown, however, vaccine failure was supposed to be an important cause. This study was designed to determine the seroconversion rates to measles- mumps- rubella (MMR) vaccine currently in use among Iranian children. Methods This prospective study was conducted among healthy children older than 12 months who were candidates of scheduled MMR vaccination. Blood samples were obtained from each mother- infant pair just before vaccination, and from infants 4–6 weeks after MMR1 and MMR2 immunization. Collected sera were tested for specific lgG antibodies against MMR agents using ELISA method. The proportion of seroprotected subjects among mother- infant pairs before vaccination as well as the prevalence rates of seroconversion after MMR1 and MMR2 vaccination were calculated. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results During 22-months study period, 92 mother- infant pairs were participated. Seroimmunity rates against MMR viruses were 85.8%, 84.7% and 86.9% for mothers, and 3.2%, 2.1% and 1.0% for children, respectively. After MMR1 vaccination from 52 seronegative children, 80.7%, 78.8% and 75% were seroconverted. These rates increased to 94.8%, 89.7% and 94.8% after the MMR2 vaccination. Also, the specific immunity was enhanced among seropositive children. Conclusion Majority of the mothers and few infants were immune to MMR viruses prior to MMR1 vaccination. Immune responses detected after MMR1 injection, and overall seroconversion rates achieved after 2-doses of MMR vaccination were less than expected and inadequate to preserve long-term protection against MMR agents.

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Seroconversion rates following 2 doses of Measles- Mumps- Rubella Vaccination Given at the Ages 12 and 18 Months: Data for possible additional dose at older age

10.21203/rs.3.rs-460947/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hana Saffar ◽

Sayed Jaber Mousavi ◽

Hiva Saffar ◽

Mohammad-Reza Parsaei ◽

Gholam-Reza Ghorbani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

High Rate ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Elisa Method ◽

Mmr Vaccine ◽

Vaccine Failure ◽

Iranian Children ◽

Rubella Vaccination ◽

Infant Pair

Abstract Background. Despite high rate of vaccination coverage with 2-doses of measles vaccine among Iranian children, outbreaks of measles occurred among different age groups and fully vaccinated subjects. Although the main reason for these outbreaks is unknown, however, vaccine failure was supposed to be an important cause. This study was designed to determine the immunogenicity of measles- mumps- rubella (MMR) vaccine currently in use among Iranian children.Methods. This prospective study was conducted among ³ 12 month- old healthy children who were candidates of scheduled MMR vaccination. Blood samples were obtained from each mother- infant pair just before vaccination, and from infants 4- 6 weeks after MMR1 and MMR2 immunization. Collected sera were tested for specific lgG antibodies against MMR agents using ELISA method. The proportion of seroprotected subjects among mother- infant pairs before vaccination as well as the prevalence rates of seroconversion after MMR1 and MMR2 vaccination were calculated. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.Results. During 22-months study period, 92 mother- infant pairs were participated. Seroimmunity rates against MMR viruses were 85.8%, 84.7% and 86.9% for mothers, and 3.2%, 2.1% and 1.0% for children, respectively. After MMR1 vaccination of 52 seronegative children, 80.7%, 78.8% and 75% were seroconverted. These rates increased to 94.8%, 89.7% and 92.3% after the MMR2 vaccination. Also, the specific immunity was enhanced among seropositive children.Conclusion. Majority of the mothers and few infants were immune to MMR viruses, prior to MMR1 vaccination. Seroconversion rates detected after MMR1 injection, and overall seroprotection rates achieved after 2-doses of MMR vaccination were less than expected and inadequate to preserve long-term protection against MMR agents.

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Reevaluating Immunization Delays Post Red Blood Cell Transfusion

Paediatrics & Child Health ◽

10.1093/pch/pxy054.147 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. e58-e58

Author(s):

Alexandra Zabeida ◽

Nancy Robitaille ◽

Marc Lebel ◽

Christian Renaud

Keyword(s):

Thalassemia Major ◽

High Rate ◽

Red Blood Cell Transfusion ◽

Varicella Vaccination ◽

Control Group ◽

Mmr Vaccine ◽

Diamond Blackfan Anemia ◽

Lower Blood ◽

Antibody Levels

Abstract BACKGROUND Current Canadian guidelines recommend to delay the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and varicella live attenuated vaccines by 6 months following transfusion of unwashed red blood cells (RBC) due to potential interference by serum antibodies. Thus, patients chronically transfused with RBC commonly suffer from a delay or absence of MMR and varicella vaccination. Over the last decades, not only has RBC handling changed, but also fewer blood donors have had natural mumps, measles and rubella infections, resulting in lower blood antibody levels. The recommendations may thus be unfounded and outdated, and prevent valuable vaccination opportunities for children with frequent blood transfusions. OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this project was to determine MMR vaccination immunogenicity in patients chronically transfused with RBC. DESIGN/METHODS Medical charts were reviewed for vaccination and transfusion histories. MMR-specific antibodies were quantified in 25 paediatric patients who received both doses of the MMR vaccine at 12 and 18 months of age while they were on a chronic RBC transfusion program for sickle cell disease, B-thalassemia major, Diamond-Blackfan anemia or pyruvate kinase deficiency. There was no formal control group; long-term immunity rates in the literature are ≥90% for all MMR components. RESULTS Table 1 shows immunogenicity to MMR vaccine components. Delays between vaccination and serology testing averaged 5.9 years (0.3 to 15.8 years). CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study designed to measure the effect of RBC transfusions on MMR vaccine immunogenicity. Although lower than the rates reported in the literature, the results suggest a high rate of immunogenicity to each component of the MMR vaccine in chronically transfused patients. Weighing the risks and benefits of disease prevention in a highly vulnerable population, a reevaluation of immunization delays post RBC transfusions is called for.

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Serum lipids in hypothyroid children: effect of disease and levothyroxine replacement therapy

Jugoslovenska medicinska biohemija ◽

10.2298/jmh0204331r ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 331-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vesna Radonjic ◽

Zorana Jelic-ivanovic ◽

Slavica Spasic ◽

Natasa Bogavac-Stanojevic ◽

Vesna Spasojevic-Kalimanovska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Replacement Therapy ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

Age Groups ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Levothyroxine Replacement

Hypothyroidism is associated with dislipidaemia and an increased risk of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of disease and long-term levothyroxine replacement therapy on serum lipids in hypothyroid children. We measured concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and thyroid-stimulating hormone in serum samples of 58 children with hypothyroidism (before and after therapy) and in 100 healthy controls. LDL-C and TC values were most markedly affected by the hypothyroid state. The values in the patients were on the average of 100% (LDL-C) and 54% (TC) higher than in the healthy controls. This finding is accordance with the known fact that LDL clearance is slower in hypothyroidism. TG concentrations were slightly higher (p<0.05) and HDL-C lower (p<0.02), but only in some age groups of patients. The effect of long-term L-T4 replacement on LDL-C and TC was quantitatively most pronounced. The values obtained in patients after therapy were markedly lower than before therapy and did not differ significantly from the values found in the corresponding age groups of healthy children. Significantly lower concentrations of HDL-C and TG after L-T4 administration were found only in children aged from 10 to 15 years. When we compared the lipid-lowering effect of L-T4 replacement therapy in normometabolic versus hypometabolic patients, we obtained a significantly greater effect on TC and LDL-C values in the normometabolic than in hypometabolic group (p<0.01). TC and LDL-C concentrations obtained in the L-T4 treated patients correlated well with the corresponding TSH levels (r = 0.770 and 0.725, respectively).

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Measles and Rubella Serosusceptibity among Population Vaccinated with Different Schedule: The potential impact on Measles-Rubella elimination in Iran.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40094/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hana Saffar ◽

Maryam Khalifeloo ◽

mohammed-Jafar Saffar ◽

Ali-Reza Abdollahi ◽

Mohammad-Reza Parsaei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Relative Distribution ◽

Mmr Vaccine ◽

High Coverage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Entrance ◽

History Of ◽

Measles Vaccination ◽

Iranian Children

Abstract Background: Iranian children have been vaccinated with the scheduled two doses of monovalent measles vaccine (mMV) since 1984. In December 2003, a nationwide campaign of measles-rubella (MR) immunization targeted 5-25 years population was established. In 2004, the mMV was replaced with measles- mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Despite the high vaccination coverage, the outbreaks of measles still occurs in the country. In this Study, the measles-rubella immunity status of various age groups, vaccinated with different schedules was investigated, and the immunologic response of seronegative subjects to revaccination was examined. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 7- 33-year-old healthy individuals with a documented history of measles vaccination from November 2017-to June 2018. The subjects were categorized as fallow: groupA: including 20-33 years-old; vaccinated with 1-2 dose of mMV, and revaccinated with MR, groupB, including 15-19-year-old individuals, vaccinated with two doses of mMV at nine and 15 months of age, and in addition to one dose MMR upon school entrance, groupC, including 11-14 year-old individuals vaccinated, with two-doses of MMR at the ages of 15 months and six years, and groupD, including 7-10 year individuals vaccinated with two-doses of MMR vaccine at the ages 12 and 18 months, respectively. Nest the consecrations of antimeasles-antirubella IgG antibodies in the collected sera were measured. Among seronegative subjects, the antimeasles-antirubella IgM and IgG were reexamined at 4-6 weeks after MMR revaccination. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.Results: A total of 635 individuals, including 322 females were investigated in this study. The relative distribution of subjects in each group was as falows: groupA, 98; groupB, 295; groupC, 139; and groupD, 103 persons. Overall, 12.3% and 18.4% of the population were seronegative for measles and rubella antibodies. This rate varied greatly between the 4 groups: groupA, 2%-0/0%; groupB,15.2%- 25.0%; groupC,11.5%- 17.2%; and groupD,14.6%- 18.4%. After revaccination, 92% and 94.9% of seronegative individuals only showed IgG response to measles and rubella vaccines, respectively.Conclusion: Despite the high coverage rate of M-R containing vaccines, a significant numbers of vaccinated subjects were seronegative for measles and rubella, possibly because of secondary vaccine failure; this may negatively affect measles-rubella elimination targets in the country. If these findings are confirmed in similar future studies, a more robust regional/national supplementary immunization activity should be considered.

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Measles and Rubella Serosusceptibity Among Population Vaccinated with Different Schedule of Vaccination: The Potential Impact on Measles Elimination in Iran.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40094/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hana Saffar ◽

Maryam Khalifeloo ◽

Mohammed-Jafar Saffar ◽

Ali-Reza Abdollahi ◽

Mohammad-Reza Parsaei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Relative Distribution ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Mmr Vaccine ◽

High Coverage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Iranian Children

Abstract Background: In addition to schedule 2-doses monovalent measles vaccine (mMV) immunization of Iranian children since 1984, a nationwide campaign of measles-rubella (MR) immunization among 5- 25 years-old population in December 2003 was conducted. From 2004 mMV was replaced with measles- mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Despite a high vaccination coverage, outbreaks of measles occurred in the country. Study was designed to investigate seroimmunity against measles and rubella among various age groups of population who were vaccinated with different schedule since 1984. Also, immunologic response to revaccination in seronegative subjects was evaluated. Methods: From 1 November 2017 to 30 June 2018 a cross- sectional study among 7- 33 year old healthy population with documented history of measles vaccination was conducted. Based on their age and history of vaccination categorized as GA: 20-23 years old; vaccinated with 1-2 dose of mMV, and also MR revaccinated. GB: 15-19 years, vaccinated only with 2- doses of mMV at the ages of 9 and 15 months. GC: 12-14 years and GD: 7-11 years; vaccinated with 2- dose of MMR vaccine at the ages 15 months - 6 years, and 12-18 month respectively. Collected sera were assessed to measure antimeasles and antirubella IgG antibodies concentration. Four to 6 weeks after revaccination of seronegative subjects, antimeasles-antirubella IgM and IgG antibodies were rechecked. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.Results: Totally 635 individuals, 312 female were included. Relative distribution of subjects in each group was as: GA: 98, GB: 295, GC: 139, and GD: 103 persons. Overall, 12.28% and 18.4% of population were soronegative, and varied greatly between groups: 2%-0/0%, 15.2%- 25.0%, 11.5%- 17.2%; and 14.6%-18.4% to measles and rubella, respectively. After revaccination, 92% and 94.9% showed 1gG response to measles and rubella vaccine respectively.Conclusion: Despite high coverage rate with measles containing vaccine, a significant numbers of vaccinated subjects lost their seroprotection, possibly because of secondary vaccine failure. This may affect measles-rubella elimination goal in the country. If these data were confirmed by further studies, more strengthen regional/ national supplementary immunization activity should be considered.

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Immunity to rubella: an Italian retrospective cohort study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-7829-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francesco Paolo Bianchi ◽

Sara De Nitto ◽

Pasquale Stefanizzi ◽

Angela Maria Vittoria Larocca ◽

Cinzia Annatea Germinario ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Booster Dose ◽

Seroconversion Rate ◽

University Hospital ◽

Medical Residents ◽

Mmr Vaccine ◽

Serious Adverse Events ◽

Rubella Vaccination

Abstract Background International guidelines recommend that healthcare workers (HCWs) have presumptive evidence of immunity to rubella and that susceptible HCWs and doubt cases receive two doses of the MMR vaccine. However, a small percentage of the fully immunized will remain unprotected against wild viruses. Moreover, protective levels of antibodies induced by the vaccine have been shown to decline over time, but a formal recommendation regarding the testing of immunized HCWs for the persistence of IgG against rubella is lacking. Methods The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term immunogenicity conferred by rubella vaccination and the effectiveness of a strategy for the management of immunized individuals in whom IgG against rubella could not be demonstrated (non-responders). The study enrolled students and medical residents who attended the Hygiene Department of Bari Policlinico University Hospital for biological risk assessment (April 2014 to June 2018). Results Two thousand students and residents with documented immunization (≥2 doses of rubella or MMR vaccine) were tested. In 181 (9%), IgG against rubella was not detectable. The seronegative rate was higher among participants vaccinated at age < 2 years (89.6%) and lower among those immunized at age ≥ 2 years (93.6%; p < 0.0001). The administration of a single MMR booster dose resulted in a seroconversion rate of 98% in the seronegative group. The seroconversion rate after a second booster dose was 100%. No serious adverse events in the re-immunized were recorded. Conclusions An important proportion of individuals immunized for rubella or MMR do not have a protective titer for the disease(s). Our management strategy (booster followed by re-test and, for those who are still negative, a second booster and re-test) is consistent with the goal of achieving immunological memory.

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Efficacy of a dengue vaccine candidate (TAK-003) in healthy children and adolescents two years after vaccination

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiaa761 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eduardo López-Medina ◽

Shibadas Biswal ◽

Xavier Saez-Llorens ◽

Charissa Borja-Tabora ◽

Lulu Bravo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Dengue Vaccine ◽

Phase 3 ◽

Serious Adverse Events ◽

Second Year ◽

To Receive ◽

Ongoing Phase

Abstract Background Takeda’s dengue vaccine is under evaluation in an ongoing Phase 3 efficacy study; we present an update after 2 years. Methods 20,099 children (4–16 years old) were randomized to receive two doses of TAK-003 or placebo three months apart and are under long-term febrile surveillance to detect dengue by serotype-specific RT-PCR. (NCT02747927). Results Cumulative efficacy against dengue over ~27 months since first dose was 72.7% (95% CI: 67.1 – 77.3), which included efficacy of 67.0% (95% CI: 53.6 – 76.5) in dengue-naïve and 89.2% (82.4 – 93.3) against hospitalized dengue. In the second year after vaccination, a decline in efficacy was observed [56.2% (42.3 – 66.8)] with the largest decline in 4 – 5 year-old children [24.5% (-34.2 – 57.5)]; efficacy was 60.6% (43.8 – 72.4) in 6 – 11 year and 71.2% (41.0 – 85.9) in 12 – 16 year age groups. As TAK-003 efficacy varies by serotype, changes in serotype dominance partially contributed to the efficacy differences in year by year analysis. No related serious adverse events occurred during the second year. Conclusion TAK-003 demonstrated continued benefit independent of baseline serostatus in reducing dengue with some decline in efficacy during the second year. Three-year data will be important to see if efficacy stabilizes or declines further.

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Measles and Rubella Serosusceptibity among Population Vaccinated with Different Schedule of Vaccination: the potential impact on measles elimination in Iran.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40094/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hana Saffar ◽

Maryam Khalifeloo ◽

mohammed-Jafar Saffar ◽

Ali-Reza Abdollahi ◽

Mohammad-Reza Parsaei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Relative Distribution ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Mmr Vaccine ◽

High Coverage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Iranian Children

Abstract Background: In addition to scheduled 2-doses monovalent measles vaccine (mMV) immunization of Iranian children since 1984, a nationwide campaign of measles-rubella (MR) immunization among 5- 25 years-old population in December 2003 was conducted. From 2004 mMV was replaced with measles- mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Despite a high vaccination coverage, outbreaks of measles occurred in the country. Study was designed to investigate seroimmunity status against measles and rubella among various age groups of population who were vaccinated with different schedule since 1984. Also, immunologic response to revaccination in seronegative subjects was evaluated. Methods: From 1 November 2017 to 30 June 2018 a cross- sectional study among 7- 33 year old (born 1984-2011) healthy population with documented history of measles vaccination was conducted. Based on their age and history of vaccination status categorized as GA: 20-2333 years old; vaccinated with 1-2 dose of mMV, and also MR revaccinated. GB: 15-19 years, vaccinated only with 2- doses of mMV at the ages of 9 and 15 months and MMR 2-5 years later. GC: 12-14 years and GD: 7-11 years; vaccinated with 2- dose of MMR vaccine at the ages 15 months - 6 years, and 12-18 months respectively. Collected sera were assessed to measure antimeasles and antirubella IgG antibodies concentration. Four to 6 weeks after revaccination of seronegative subjects, antimeasles-antirubella IgM and IgG antibodies were rechecked. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.Results: Totally 635 individuals, 312 female were included. Relative distribution of subjects in each group was as: GA: 98, GB: 295, GC: 139, and GD: 103 persons. Overall, 12.28% and 18.4% of population were soronegative, and varied greatly between groups: 2%-0/0%, 15.2%- 25.0%, 11.5%- 17.2%; and 14.6%-18.4%, to measles and rubella, respectively. After revaccination, 92% and 94.9% showed 1gG response to measles and rubella vaccine respectively.Conclusion: Despite high coverage rate with measles and rubella containing vaccine, a significant numbers of vaccinated subjects lost their seroprotection were seronegative, possibly because of secondary vaccine failure. This may affect measles-rubella elimination goal in the country. If these data were confirmed by further studies, more strengthen regional/ national supplementary immunization activity should be considered.

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High prevalence of nasal carriage of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistantHaemophilus influenzaein healthy children in Korea

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268812001082 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 141 (3) ◽

pp. 481-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. M. BAE ◽

J. H. LEE ◽

S. K. LEE ◽

J. Y. YU ◽

S. H. LEE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

High Rate ◽

Healthy Children ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽

Colonization Patterns ◽

Resistant Strains

SUMMARYThis study investigated the carriage of antimicrobial resistantHaemophilus influenzaein 582 healthy children attending kindergarten or elementary school at four intervals over a 9-month period in Seoul, Korea. Diverse colonization patterns and a lower level of long-term persistent carriage byH. influenzaestatus were evident in this study. ColonizingH. influenzaeisolates showed a high rate of resistance to β-lactams including ampicillin (51·9%), cefaclor (52·1%), and amoxicillin/clavulanate (16·3%). Based on the ampicillin resistance mechanism,H. influenzaeisolates were categorized as β-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-susceptible (BLNAS) (48·1%), β-lactamase-positive, ampicillin-resistant (BLPAR) (22·6%), β-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) (22·8%), and β-lactamase-positive, amoxicillin/clavulanate-resistant (BLPACR) strains (6·5%). This study provides the first evidence of a high prevalence (22·8%) of BLNAR strains ofH. influenzaenasal carriage in healthy children attending kindergarten or the first 2 years of elementary school in Korea. The high carriage of these resistant strains in overcrowded urban settings may create reservoirs for development ofH. influenzae-resistant strains.

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IGG SPECIFIC LEVELS FOR DIPHTHERIA, TETANUS AND PERTUSSIS IN RURAL AND URBAN SAMPLES IN ALBANIA

CBU International Conference Proceedings ◽

10.12955/cbup.v4.827 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 652-657

Author(s):

Eftiola Pojani ◽

Erida Nelaj ◽

Alban Ylli

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Total Sample ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Mmr Vaccine ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Two Samples ◽

Central Regions ◽

Year 2000

INTRODUCTION: During the years 1970s and 1980s, IPH (Institute of Public Health) in Albania, achieved remarkable improvements in the biotechnology of the components production of D (diphtheria), T (tetanus) and P (pertussis) for the trivalent vaccine DTP, vaccine DT and the Td one, which together with vaccine TT, consequently led to the increasing of their effectiveness and efficiency. In the year 2000, Rubella component was added to Measles vaccine, and in the year 2005, Mumps component was added too (now MMR vaccine).OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to identify protective immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels for each antigen (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) according to different age groups and residence (rural and urban).METHODS: Two samples, each involving 120 healthy children were selected from urban and rural populations of three central regions of Albania. The children were aged between 1 and 15 years. IgG specific levels for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests (ELISA). Levels of IgG were classified into the following categories: unprotected, insufficient, and fair/good or full/sure protection, using specific thresholds for each, diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.RESULTS: Of the same population, 75.7% was found to have IgG protective levels for diphtheria. For tetanus, 81.4% of the total sample had protective levels of IgG, and for pertussis this proportion was 69.0%.Levels of protection for diphtheria and tetanus increased up until 3 years of age (diphtheria: 25.0% at 1 year and then 95.0% at 3 years of age; tetanus: 65.0% at 1 year and 90.0% at 3 years of age). From then on the trend stabilized. The same trend was not observed for pertussis, which presented protective IgG levels of 73.0% from the first year of life. When IgG protective levels were compared between rural and urban samples, differences were only found with diphtheria specific IgG, which was significantly higher in the rural population. Furthermore, a correlation in IgG levels was found among diphtheria and tetanus.CONCLUSIONS: IgG specific levels for diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis referring to our sample are are considered acceptable for providing protection in the general population. Nevertheless, these levels seem to have been achieved only after booster doses until the third year of life, especially for diphtheria.

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