scholarly journals Measles and Rubella Serosusceptibity among Population Vaccinated with Different Schedule: The potential impact on Measles-Rubella elimination in Iran.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Saffar ◽  
Maryam Khalifeloo ◽  
mohammed-Jafar Saffar ◽  
Ali-Reza Abdollahi ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Parsaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Entrance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Iranian Children

Abstract Background: Iranian children have been vaccinated with the scheduled two doses of monovalent measles vaccine (mMV) since 1984. In December 2003, a nationwide campaign of measles-rubella (MR) immunization targeted 5-25 years population was established. In 2004, the mMV was replaced with measles- mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Despite the high vaccination coverage, the outbreaks of measles still occurs in the country. In this Study, the measles-rubella immunity status of various age groups, vaccinated with different schedules was investigated, and the immunologic response of seronegative subjects to revaccination was examined. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 7- 33-year-old healthy individuals with a documented history of measles vaccination from November 2017-to June 2018. The subjects were categorized as fallow: groupA: including 20-33 years-old; vaccinated with 1-2 dose of mMV, and revaccinated with MR, groupB, including 15-19-year-old individuals, vaccinated with two doses of mMV at nine and 15 months of age, and in addition to one dose MMR upon school entrance, groupC, including 11-14 year-old individuals vaccinated, with two-doses of MMR at the ages of 15 months and six years, and groupD, including 7-10 year individuals vaccinated with two-doses of MMR vaccine at the ages 12 and 18 months, respectively. Nest the consecrations of antimeasles-antirubella IgG antibodies in the collected sera were measured. Among seronegative subjects, the antimeasles-antirubella IgM and IgG were reexamined at 4-6 weeks after MMR revaccination. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.Results: A total of 635 individuals, including 322 females were investigated in this study. The relative distribution of subjects in each group was as falows: groupA, 98; groupB, 295; groupC, 139; and groupD, 103 persons. Overall, 12.3% and 18.4% of the population were seronegative for measles and rubella antibodies. This rate varied greatly between the 4 groups: groupA, 2%-0/0%; groupB,15.2%- 25.0%; groupC,11.5%- 17.2%; and groupD,14.6%- 18.4%. After revaccination, 92% and 94.9% of seronegative individuals only showed IgG response to measles and rubella vaccines, respectively.Conclusion: Despite the high coverage rate of M-R containing vaccines, a significant numbers of vaccinated subjects were seronegative for measles and rubella, possibly because of secondary vaccine failure; this may negatively affect measles-rubella elimination targets in the country. If these findings are confirmed in similar future studies, a more robust regional/national supplementary immunization activity should be considered.

scholarly journals Measles and Rubella Serosusceptibity Among Population Vaccinated with Different Schedule of Vaccination: The Potential Impact on Measles Elimination in Iran.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Saffar ◽  
Maryam Khalifeloo ◽  
Mohammed-Jafar Saffar ◽  
Ali-Reza Abdollahi ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Parsaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Iranian Children

Abstract Background: In addition to schedule 2-doses monovalent measles vaccine (mMV) immunization of Iranian children since 1984, a nationwide campaign of measles-rubella (MR) immunization among 5- 25 years-old population in December 2003 was conducted. From 2004 mMV was replaced with measles- mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Despite a high vaccination coverage, outbreaks of measles occurred in the country. Study was designed to investigate seroimmunity against measles and rubella among various age groups of population who were vaccinated with different schedule since 1984. Also, immunologic response to revaccination in seronegative subjects was evaluated. Methods: From 1 November 2017 to 30 June 2018 a cross- sectional study among 7- 33 year old healthy population with documented history of measles vaccination was conducted. Based on their age and history of vaccination categorized as GA: 20-23 years old; vaccinated with 1-2 dose of mMV, and also MR revaccinated. GB: 15-19 years, vaccinated only with 2- doses of mMV at the ages of 9 and 15 months. GC: 12-14 years and GD: 7-11 years; vaccinated with 2- dose of MMR vaccine at the ages 15 months - 6 years, and 12-18 month respectively. Collected sera were assessed to measure antimeasles and antirubella IgG antibodies concentration. Four to 6 weeks after revaccination of seronegative subjects, antimeasles-antirubella IgM and IgG antibodies were rechecked. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.Results: Totally 635 individuals, 312 female were included. Relative distribution of subjects in each group was as: GA: 98, GB: 295, GC: 139, and GD: 103 persons. Overall, 12.28% and 18.4% of population were soronegative, and varied greatly between groups: 2%-0/0%, 15.2%- 25.0%, 11.5%- 17.2%; and 14.6%-18.4% to measles and rubella, respectively. After revaccination, 92% and 94.9% showed 1gG response to measles and rubella vaccine respectively.Conclusion: Despite high coverage rate with measles containing vaccine, a significant numbers of vaccinated subjects lost their seroprotection, possibly because of secondary vaccine failure. This may affect measles-rubella elimination goal in the country. If these data were confirmed by further studies, more strengthen regional/ national supplementary immunization activity should be considered.

scholarly journals Measles and Rubella Serosusceptibity among Population Vaccinated with Different Schedule of Vaccination: the potential impact on measles elimination in Iran.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Saffar ◽  
Maryam Khalifeloo ◽  
mohammed-Jafar Saffar ◽  
Ali-Reza Abdollahi ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Parsaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Iranian Children

Abstract Background: In addition to scheduled 2-doses monovalent measles vaccine (mMV) immunization of Iranian children since 1984, a nationwide campaign of measles-rubella (MR) immunization among 5- 25 years-old population in December 2003 was conducted. From 2004 mMV was replaced with measles- mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Despite a high vaccination coverage, outbreaks of measles occurred in the country. Study was designed to investigate seroimmunity status against measles and rubella among various age groups of population who were vaccinated with different schedule since 1984. Also, immunologic response to revaccination in seronegative subjects was evaluated. Methods: From 1 November 2017 to 30 June 2018 a cross- sectional study among 7- 33 year old (born 1984-2011) healthy population with documented history of measles vaccination was conducted. Based on their age and history of vaccination status categorized as GA: 20-2333 years old; vaccinated with 1-2 dose of mMV, and also MR revaccinated. GB: 15-19 years, vaccinated only with 2- doses of mMV at the ages of 9 and 15 months and MMR 2-5 years later. GC: 12-14 years and GD: 7-11 years; vaccinated with 2- dose of MMR vaccine at the ages 15 months - 6 years, and 12-18 months respectively. Collected sera were assessed to measure antimeasles and antirubella IgG antibodies concentration. Four to 6 weeks after revaccination of seronegative subjects, antimeasles-antirubella IgM and IgG antibodies were rechecked. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.Results: Totally 635 individuals, 312 female were included. Relative distribution of subjects in each group was as: GA: 98, GB: 295, GC: 139, and GD: 103 persons. Overall, 12.28% and 18.4% of population were soronegative, and varied greatly between groups: 2%-0/0%, 15.2%- 25.0%, 11.5%- 17.2%; and 14.6%-18.4%, to measles and rubella, respectively. After revaccination, 92% and 94.9% showed 1gG response to measles and rubella vaccine respectively.Conclusion: Despite high coverage rate with measles and rubella containing vaccine, a significant numbers of vaccinated subjects lost their seroprotection were seronegative, possibly because of secondary vaccine failure. This may affect measles-rubella elimination goal in the country. If these data were confirmed by further studies, more strengthen regional/ national supplementary immunization activity should be considered.

scholarly journals Measles and rubella serosusceptibity among population vaccinated with different schedules: the potential impact on measles-rubella elimination in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Saffar ◽  
Maryam Khalifeloo ◽  
Mohammad-Jafar Saffar ◽  
Alireza Abdollahi ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Parsaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Entrance ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Iranian Children ◽  
Group D

Abstract Background Iranian children were vaccinated with the scheduled two doses of monovalent measles vaccine (mMV) from 1984. In December 2003, a nationwide campaign of measles-rubella (MR) immunization was established to vaccinate 5–25 year- old individuals. In 2004, the mMV was replaced with measles- mumps- rubella (MMR) vaccine. Despite the high vaccination coverage, the outbreaks of measles still occur in the country. In this Study, the MR immunity status of various age groups, vaccinated with different schedules was investigated, and the immunologic response of seronegative subjects to revaccination was examined. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 7–33-year-old healthy individuals with a documented history of measles vaccination from November 2017 to June 2018. The subjects were categorized as follows: group A, including 20–33 year-old individuals; vaccinated with 1–2 doses of mMV at ages 9 and 15 months, and revaccinated with MR, group B, including 15–19-year-old individuals, vaccinated with two doses of mMV at 9 and 15 months of age, and received additional dose of MMR upon school entrance, group C, including 11–14 year-old individuals, vaccinated with two-doses of MMR at the ages of 15 months and 6 years, and group D, including 7–10 year-old individuals vaccinated with two-doses of MMR vaccine at the ages 12 and 18 months, respectively. Levels of antimeasles- antirubella IgG antibodies in the collected sera were measured. Also antimeasles- antirubella IgM and IgG of seronegative individuals were reexamined at 4–6 weeks after MMR revaccination. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results A total of 635 individuals were investigated in this study. Group A, 98; group B, 295; group C, 139; and group D, 103 persons. Overall, 12.3 and 18.4% of the population were seronegative for measles and rubella antibodies. This rate varied greatly between the 4 groups: group A, 0/0–2%; group B,15.2–25.0%; group C,11.5–17.2%; and groupD,14.6–18.4%. After revaccination, 92 and 94.9% of seronegative individuals showed IgG response to measles and rubella vaccines, respectively. Conclusion Despite the high coverage rate of M-R containing vaccines, a significant number of vaccinated subjects were seronegative for measles and rubella, possibly because of secondary vaccine failure; this may negatively affect measles-rubella elimination targets in the country. If these findings are confirmed in similar future studies, a more robust regional/national supplementary immunization activity will be considered.

scholarly journals Immunological Protection of Individuals Aged 3 to 25 Years Against Pertussis: Regional Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Diana V. Sutovskaya ◽  
Alla V. Burlutskaya ◽  
Larisa V. Dubova ◽  
Daria R. Krylova
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immunological Protection ◽  
Study Participants

Background. Recently, there has been an increase in the incidence of pertussis in unvaccinated, as well as vaccinated children and adults. The major risk group for pertussis are infants and children over 4 years of age due to gradual decrease in basic immunity.Objective. The aim of the study was to analyze postvaccinal immunity against pertussis in individuals aged 3 to 25 years in Krasnodar.Methods. The study was carried out in the period between July 2018 and October 2019 and included patients aged 3 to 25 years with completed (according to National Immunization Schedule) immunization against pertussis with no history of pertussis in the past. Postvaccinal immunity against pertussis in this sample was determined by the ratio of study participants with minimum protective antibodies titer to Bordetella pertussis ( 1:160).Results. The minimum protective antibody titer was revealed in 24 out of 76 participants. Distribution to age groups was the following: children aged 3 to 7 years — 2/28 (7%), 8 to 17 years — 13/22 (59%; p < 0.001, compared with the younger age group),  18 years — 9/26 (35%; p = 0.017). There was no postvaccinal immunity (no antibodies detected) in 6 (21%), 1 (5%) and 4 (15%) participants, respectively.Conclusion. Insufficient postvaccinal (humoral) immunity against pertussis was revealed in majority of children under 7 years. The ratio of such children decreases with age. It suggests the presence of hidden circulation of Bordetella pertussis and, as a result, previous medical condition in erased or abortive form.

scholarly journals Pattern of morbidity among elders attending general practice: health needs assessment of geriatric patients in Oman

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaikh Muhammad Naeem ◽  
Firdous Jahan ◽  
Muhammad Asadullah Siddiqui ◽  
Muhammad Moazzam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Walking Difficulty ◽  
Outpatient Settings

The main purpose of this study was to identify specific problems and pattern of morbidities that is common in the elderly. A cross sectional study surveying the health status and needs of targeted population was conducted in selected primary health care (PHC) outpatient settings. All consenting individuals aged 60 years and above who visited the selected PHC clinics were interviewed. Information was collected using face-to-face interviews based on a structured, pre-tested questionnaire. A total of 185 people were evaluated in this study. About 75% of participants were age 60-70 years. Overall, male predominance was noted with 137 (74.1%) males and among all participant’s 80% were married. The mean BMI was 26.47±4.98 kg/m2 and mean waist circumference was 90.16±12.97 cm. The prevalence of smoking, DM, HTN, dyslipidaemia and history of IHD among participants were 7.6%, 37.8%, 49.7%, 27.6% and 8.1%, respectively and males showed a significantly higher prevalence than females in smoking and HTN (p<0.05). Hypertension was common comorbid ailment with 29.2% of stage I and 19.5% of stage II hypertension among 60-70 age groups. The majority of the participants were taking shower; using toilet, feeding and get dressed independently, 88.6%, 87.6%, 87% and 87.6% respectively. These findings provide important information on high prevalence of overweight, hypertension, diabetes, smoking and dyslipidaemia among elders. The other common morbidities were impaired vision, walking difficulty, and hearing problems. The activity of daily living (bathing dressing toileting feeding) is preserved in most of older people.

Orthodontic Treatment Need in Bangladeshi Young Adults Evaluated Through Dental Aesthetic Index

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kajol Chandra Paul ◽  
Md Zakir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Aim : The objectives of this study were to evaluate the severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in Bangladeshi young adults by using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI).Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Government and private college of Dhaka and Netrokona, Bangladesh. A total of 405 students (from 17 to 25 years old) were selected by convenience sampling. Students wearing orthodontic appliance or reporting a history of orthodontic treatment were excluded from the study. Clinical examinations were conducted using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The chi-square test (x2) was used to compare malocclusion severity. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the changes in DAI scores and the mean DAI scores between various age groups. The t test was used to compare the mean DAI scores between sex groups.Results: 405 college students were examined, 305(75.3%) were boys and 100(24.7%) were girls. Most of the  students 277(68.4%) had DAI scores ? 25 with no or little malocclusion requiring slight  or no  orthodontic  treatment, 76(18.8%) had DAI score of 26-30 with definite malocclusion requiring elective orthodontic  treatment, 34(8.4%) had DAI score of 31-35 with severe type of malocclusion requiring highly desirable orthodontic treatment, 18(4.4%) had DAI score ? 36 with very severe or handicapping malocclusion requiring mandatory orthodontic treatment.Conclusion: The majority of the students in our study (68.4%) required no or little treatment; (12.8%) had definite malocclusion requiring definite orthodontic treatment.Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2013; Vol-3, No.2

PREVALENCE OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN SUB-URBAN POPULATION OF CHENNAI USING QUS (QUANTITATIVE ULTRASOUND) OF CALCANEUM -A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
S. Balameena ◽  
R Agavendra ◽  
Karthikeyan Karthikeyan ◽  
Sujatha Sujatha ◽  
Sabarish Sabarish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Past History ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ultrasound Score

Background:Burden of Osteoporosis and its related fractures are enormous and growing public health concern. Worldwide, an estimated 200 million adults suffer from osteoporosis. Vertebral and non-vertebral fractures are the most clinically relevant osteoporotic fracture because they are expensive to treat and have severe consequences for middle aged and elderly population.(1 ,2) The purpose of our study was to assess calcaneal ultrasound score as a screening test for osteoporosis. Material and Methods: Fifty patients above the age of 40 years who attended a health checkup camp conducted by our institute in a suburban population base of Chennai,Tamilnadu was subjected for noninvasive QUS of calcaneum bone as a screening test for osteoporosis. They were divided into different age groups ,co-morbid conditions noted and BMD scores from QUS was assessed. Statistical method were used with SPSS Version .It was a cross sectional descriptive study. Results: A total of 50 patients underwent QUS of calcaneum bone in our study , all of them above the age of 40 years. 33(66%) of them were females and 17(34%) were males. Eight patients( 16% ) had T score < -2.5 out of which 1 was male. 26 patients(52%) had T scores in the osteopenic range (-1>Tscore>-2.5).16 patients(32%) had T scores in the normal range. 40 % of patients had associated osteoarthritis and four patients had diabetes. 2 patients who underwent screening had past history of nontraumatic fractures. Conclusion: QUS of calcaneum is a good screening tool for assessing bone density in our country since its cost effective and can be used in various screening camps. The machine is portable and can be used with minimal training making it easier for the primary caregiver. It has reasonably good sensitivity and fair specicity when using Tscore of -2.5 as the cut off point. However DEXAis the gold standard for treatment and followup of patients with osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Survey of Measles Cases in the South of Kerman Province during 2014-2015

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Mashayekhi Mazar ◽  
Ali Dehghani ◽  
Masaood Mirzaee ◽  
Mohsen Askarshahi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Sharifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
The South ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Spss Software

Introduction: Due to the global burden of measles, many measures have always been taken to control and eradicate this disease. However, epidemics of this disease still sometimes occur in some parts of the world and Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of measles cases in the south of Kerman Province during 2014-2015. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 326-suspected cases of measles using a checklist and review forms. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16. Results: During the years of 2004 and 2005, out of the total number of suspected cases (n=326), 23% were laboratory confirmed. The highest percentage of measles was in the age group of 1 to 4 years (45.3%) and above 10 years (30.7%) and the highest cases of measles were among males (61.3%). Most cases of definite measles were in people without a history of vaccination (61.3%), in Iranians (81.3%) and in rural areas (73.3%). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, there is a need to pay attention to additional immunization in remote areas and in places of gathering of foreign nationals. The highest prevalence of measles were among people who did not have a history of measles vaccination, it seems that the measles vaccination program has not been very successful in the cities covered by the Jiroft University of Medical Sciences. It is recommended that additional studies be performed to determine the risk factors for measles.

scholarly journals Magnitude of refractive errors in children in tertiary care hospital of western Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Srijana Thapa Godar
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Background: Refractive error is one of the most common causes of the visual impairment and second leading cause of treatable blindness. The objective of the study was to determine the mag­nitude of refractive errors in children. Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted on 254 children attending Ophthalmology OPD of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. The children whose visual acuity was worse than 6/6 but improved with pinhole were included in this study. Vision test, retinoscopy and subjective refraction was done in all subjects and cycloplegic refraction was done when needed. Statistical analysis was carried out using Epi-info version 7. Results: The commonest type of refractive error was astigmatism (46.06%) followed by myopia (42.31%). Majority of children had low grade of refractive errors (46.85%). Among the children, “with the rule astigmatism” was maximum (27.56%). Majority of children were in the age between 11 to 15 years (77.95%). The refractive error was seen more in female (63.78%). Among the chil­dren of refractive errors, 29.13% had family history, 33.46% had given the history of wearing spec­tacles and 10.24% children had amblyopia. There was statistically significant association between refractive errors and age groups, history of wearing spectacles, amblyopia and grading of refractive errors. However, there was no statistically significant association of refractive error with gender, residence and family history. Conclusions: Astigmatism was the common type of refractive error followed by myopia. This study emphasizes the importance of detection of refractive error in children.

Evaluation of Differences in Bone-Mineral Density in 51 Men Age 65–93 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce E. Ballard ◽  
Lorraine S. Wallace ◽  
David B. Holiday ◽  
Cassandra Herron ◽  
Liberty L. Harrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
White Men ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

This study assessed differences in bone-mineral density (BMD) and lean and fat tissues between 5 age groups of White men age 65–93 years. Lean and fat tissues were measured with absorptiometry and anthropometry, and BMD, with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Forearm, spinal, and femoral T scores were used to classify BMD as normal, osteopenic, or osteoporotic. A questionnaire evaluated previous physical activity, calcium intake, and bone fractures. Significantly lower values in body weight, lean tissue, and forearm BMD occurred in the older age groups. Significant, positive relationships were found between total lean tissue and radial, spinal, and hip BMDs. For the total group, osteopenic and osteoporotic T scores, respectively, were femoral neck 70.6% and 9.8%, radius 27.5% and 25.5%, and spine 25.5% and 7.8%. Differences in BMD values were found between levels of lifestyle factors (dietary calcium and history of previous fractures). In conclusion, elderly men should be encouraged to maintain adequate total lean tissue because of its association with BMD.

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