scholarly journals Decreased abundance of Akkermansia after adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy in patients with West syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Xu ◽  
Dandan Chen ◽  
Congying Zhao ◽  
Lihua Jiang ◽  
Shanshan Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathy ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
West Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Blood Cytokines ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acth Therapy

Abstract Background Infants suffer from a severe epileptic encephalopathy known as West syndrome (WS). Treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) indicates the involvement of the gut-brain axis in WS. Several pieces of evidence show the communication of the gut microbiota (GM) with the brain via the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) and blood cytokines. This study aimed at (1) determining the GM diversity in infants having WS and (2) comparing the results of infants having WS with those of the healthy infants and also in the patients with WS before and after the ACTH therapy. Results In this study, 29 infants with WS and 29 healthy infants aged 3–13 months were recruited. Fecal samples were collected, and DNA was extracted and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test was used to analyze the between-group differences in the Chao1 index, Shannon index, and the abundances of GM at different taxonomy levels. R software was used to plot the graphs. The top five dominant GM genera between patients with WS and healthy infants showed no significant differences. However, the relative abundance of genus Akkermansia was observed to be significantly (P = 0.011) higher in the BT group than in the HC group and AT group. After 2 weeks of ACTH therapy, the relative abundance of Akkermansia significantly (P = 0.003) decreased. Conclusion The relative abundance of Akkermansia was observed to be significantly higher in patients with WS than that in healthy infants. However, the relationship between Akkermansia and WS pathogenesis needs to be clarified in further studies.

scholarly journals Decreased abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila after adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy in patients with West syndrome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Xu ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Shanshan Mao ◽  
Lihua Jiang ◽  
Chao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathy ◽  
West Syndrome ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Acth Therapy

Abstract Background West syndrome (WS) is a severe epileptic encephalopathy of infancy. The high degree of effectiveness of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy indicates that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may be involved in WS, and there is substantial evidence that the gut microbiota (GM) communicates with the brain via the HPA axis. The aims of this study were to determine and compare the diversity of the GM in infants with WS and healthy infants, and in patients with WS before and after ACTH therapy. Results A total of 19 infants with WS and 24 healthy infants in the same age range (3–13 months) were enrolled. Fecal samples were collected and DNA was extracted and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq platform. The between-group differences in Chao1 index (α diversity) and the abundances of GM genera were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test; graphs were plotted using R software. There were no significant differences in the top four dominant GM genera between patients with WS and healthy infants; however, the abundance of the species Akkermansia muciniphila was significantly (P = 0.017) higher in the WS group than in healthy infants. After 2 weeks of ACTH therapy, the abundance of this bacteria was significantly (P = 0.022) and dramatically decreased. Conclusion The abundance of A. muciniphila was significantly higher in patients with WS than healthy infants. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between A. muciniphila and WS pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome in a Russian Cohort of Pre- and Post-Cholecystectomy Female Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Irina Grigor’eva ◽  
Tatiana Romanova ◽  
Natalia Naumova ◽  
Tatiana Alikina ◽  
Alexey Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Before And After

The last decade saw extensive studies of the human gut microbiome and its relationship to specific diseases, including gallstone disease (GSD). The information about the gut microbiome in GSD-afflicted Russian patients is scarce, despite the increasing GSD incidence worldwide. Although the gut microbiota was described in some GSD cohorts, little is known regarding the gut microbiome before and after cholecystectomy (CCE). By using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, we inventoried the fecal bacteriobiome composition and structure in GSD-afflicted females, seeking to reveal associations with age, BMI and some blood biochemistry. Overall, 11 bacterial phyla were identified, containing 916 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The fecal bacteriobiome was dominated by Firmicutes (66% relative abundance), followed by Bacteroidetes (19%), Actinobacteria (8%) and Proteobacteria (4%) phyla. Most (97%) of the OTUs were minor or rare species with ≤1% relative abundance. Prevotella and Enterocossus were linked to blood bilirubin. Some taxa had differential pre- and post-CCE abundance, despite the very short time (1–3 days) elapsed after CCE. The detailed description of the bacteriobiome in pre-CCE female patients suggests bacterial foci for further research to elucidate the gut microbiota and GSD relationship and has potentially important biological and medical implications regarding gut bacteria involvement in the increased GSD incidence rate in females.

Single-Epileptic Spasms with or without Hypsarrhythmia: A Study of 16 Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Raffaele Falsaperla ◽  
Robinson Gutierrez ◽  
Gabriela Valenzuela ◽  
Piero Pavone ◽  
Sebastian Fortini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Main Type ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathy ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Epileptic Spasms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Objective We evaluated the electroclinical features, etiology, treatment, and outcome of 16 patients with single-epileptic spasms (ESs) with or without hypsarrhythmia (WoH). Methods Nine boys and seven girls had single-ESs. ESs were considered as single epileptic spasm variants when no other spasm occurred for 1 minute before and after each spasm. Age at the onset of ESs was between 2 and 84 months, with a mean age of 11 months. Results We recognized a group of 15 patients with single-ESs as the main type of seizure; 6 patients with WoH and 9 patients with hypsarrhythmia, respectively. Nine of these 15 patients had other types of seizures before the onset of single-ESs, and 12 patients had other types of seizures during the period in which the ESs occurred. Nine of 15 patients had a structural and seven had an unknown etiology. In 10 cases, the ESs were refractory to antiepileptic drugs, while 4 patients responded well to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 1 to pyridoxine, and 2 to the ketogenic diet (KD). The remaining patient (patient.16) had single-ESs and electroclinical features of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS). Conclusion In this article, we present a series of infants who had daily single-ESs with or WoH. Those with single-ESs with hypsarrhythmia evolved to an epileptic encephalopathy. Video-electroencephalogram (EEG) and polygraphic-EEG recordings are crucial to identify the single-ESs.

scholarly journals Rhizosphere Bacteriobiome of the Husk Tomato Grown in the Open Field in West Siberia

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Natalia B. Naumova ◽  
Oleg A. Savenkov ◽  
Tatiana Y. Alikina ◽  
Marsel R. Kabilov
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Husk Tomato

Abstract The composition and structure of rhizosphere bacteriobiome of the husk tomato (Physalis philadelphica Lam.) plants grown on Phaeozem in the open field in West Siberia, Russia (55°15’ NL, 83°31’ EL) were studied using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA genes. In total 5898 OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) were found in the study, representing 20 phyla and 53 identified and 15 non-identified (below the phylum level) classes. The most OTU-rich phyla were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria, their relative abundance in the total number of sequence reads being 26, 22 and 19%, respectively. Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes and Verrucomicrobia phyla each accounted for 2 ‒ 4%. The rest 14 of the identified phyla were quite negligible, contributing less than 0.5% each. At the OTUs level, the structure was very even and equitable, as only 7 OTUs had relative abundance ranging from 0.5 to 1.1%. The main dominant OTU represented Bradyrhizobiaceae family, implying the importance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria for plant growth and development without any mineral fertilisation. The dominance biodiversity index was very low (0.001), while Shannon index was rather high (7.5). We believe the presented husk tomato rhizosphere bacteriobiome, as the first study using new generation sequencing platform for this species, will help get a better picture of Solanaceae microbiomes in different environments, thus contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of shaping microbial communities by plant roots.

scholarly journals West syndrome - epileptic encephalopathy at early infancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 7492-7494
Author(s):  
Malavika Gopi ◽  
Akshaya Suresh ◽  
Anandu H ◽  
Roshni P R ◽  
Mamatha M R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infantile Spasm ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathy ◽  
Infantile Spasms ◽  
West Syndrome ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
The West ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
New Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Healthy Infants

West syndrome (WS), synonymously infantile spasm or epileptic spasm, is a rare type of epileptic encephalopathy occurring at early infancy that exists with variable life expectancy. It is the most common form of epileptic encephalopathy. WS presents with spasms marked by extensor or mixed movements with distinct electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern of hypsarrhythmia, flexor and psychomotor arrest. Children with west syndrome always depict abnormal EEG, but sometimes the abnormality is seen only during sleep. The incidence of infantile spasms is found closer to 1 in 2,000 children, that typically begins between 2-12 months of age and peaks between 4-8 months of age. It is observed in otherwise healthy infants and also among infants with abnormal cognitive development. If this spasm happens in older subjects, they are preferably called "epileptic spasms" rather than infantile spasms. The goal for treatment of infantile spasms is to have complete control of spasms. Hormonal therapy with ACTH or vigabatrin is the mainstay of treatment. In spite of the development of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), about 35-40% of cases are drug-resistant. Children affected with the west syndrome can be cured, but a successful therapy often depends on the timely diagnosis. This case report is one evidence highlighting the treatment strategy for the west syndrome, and this could be useful for any further study regarding this topic.

scholarly journals Comparison of the serum cytokine levels before and after adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy in patients with infantile spasm

Seizure ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Türe ◽  
Tülay Kamaşak ◽  
Merve Cora ◽  
Sevim Şahin ◽  
Elif Acar Arslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Infantile Spasm ◽  
Serum Cytokine ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acth Therapy

Short-term, low-dose ACTH therapy in West syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Ramantani ◽  
M Tzitiridou ◽  
C Panteliadis
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
West Syndrome ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acth Therapy

High Adrenocorticotropic Hormone before and after bilateral adrenal surgery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Valea ◽  
Roxana Turturea ◽  
Oana Botezan ◽  
Mara Carsote ◽  
Bogdan Mircea Botezan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Adrenal Surgery ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals The Diversity, Composition, and Metabolic Pathways of Archaea in Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2139
Author(s):  
Feilong Deng ◽  
Yushan Li ◽  
Yunjuan Peng ◽  
Xiaoyuan Wei ◽  
Xiaofan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Archaeal Communities

Archaea are an essential class of gut microorganisms in humans and animals. Despite the substantial progress in gut microbiome research in the last decade, most studies have focused on bacteria, and little is known about archaea in mammals. In this study, we investigated the composition, diversity, and functional potential of gut archaeal communities in pigs by re-analyzing a published metagenomic dataset including a total of 276 fecal samples from three countries: China (n = 76), Denmark (n = 100), and France (n = 100). For alpha diversity (Shannon Index) of the archaeal communities, Chinese pigs were less diverse than Danish and French pigs (p < 0.001). Consistently, Chinese pigs also possessed different archaeal community structures from the other two groups based on the Bray–Curtis distance matrix. Methanobrevibacter was the most dominant archaeal genus in Chinese pigs (44.94%) and French pigs (15.41%), while Candidatus methanomethylophilus was the most predominant in Danish pigs (15.71%). At the species level, the relative abundance of Candidatus methanomethylophilus alvus, Natrialbaceae archaeon XQ INN 246, and Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii were greatest in Danish, French, and Chinese pigs with a relative abundance of 14.32, 11.67, and 16.28%, respectively. In terms of metabolic potential, the top three pathways in the archaeal communities included the MetaCyc pathway related to the biosynthesis of L-valine, L-isoleucine, and isobutanol. Interestingly, the pathway related to hydrogen consumption (METHANOGENESIS-PWY) was only observed in archaeal reads, while the pathways participating in hydrogen production (FERMENTATION-PWY and PWY4LZ-257) were only detected in bacterial reads. Archaeal communities also possessed CAZyme gene families, with the top five being AA3, GH43, GT2, AA6, and CE9. In terms of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), the class of multidrug resistance was the most abundant ARG, accounting for 87.41% of archaeal ARG hits. Our study reveals the diverse composition and metabolic functions of archaea in pigs, suggesting that archaea might play important roles in swine nutrition and metabolism.

scholarly journals PSVI-22 Rumen microbiome of beef cattle is modulated by backgrounding systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 220-220
Author(s):  
Bobwealth O Omontese ◽  
Ashok K Sharma ◽  
Jason Langlie ◽  
Joe Armstrong ◽  
Alfredo DiCostanzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Rumen Microbiome

Abstract Backgrounding (BKG) segment in beef production systems is characterized by utilization of different forages which affect growth performance and carcass characteristics. However, it is unclear how BKG systems impact rumen microbiome. We investigated rumen microbiome dynamics of beef calves under different BKG systems. At weaning, Angus and Angus x Simmental beef calves (n = 38) were stratified by age, weight, and sex in a completely randomized design into 1 of 3 BKG treatments for 55 d: 1) perennial pasture (PP; quackgrass, orchardgrass; smooth bromegrass, red clover, and alfalfa); 2) summer annual cover crop (CC; cereal oats, purple top turnips, hunter forage brassica, and graza forage radish); and 3) dry lot (DL; haylage, corn, and DDGS). After BKG, all calves were assigned to a high energy ration in a feedlot. Rumen sample was collected via esophageal tubing at weaning, BKG and feedlot. A total of 190 rumen fluid samples were used to sequence the hypervariable V4 region of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene on an Illumina MiSeq platform. The results showed that BKG systems largely influenced rumen bacterial communities. Specifically, microbiome composition and diversity were not different at weaning, diverged significantly during BKG (Shannon index, Bray Curtis distance metrics; P &lt; 0.001) and homogenized during feedlot. During the BKG segment, the bacterial genera Agrobacterium, Coprococcus, and Ruminococcus were dominant in CC whereas Fibrobacteraceae and Mycoplasmataceae was most dominant in DL. Moreover, rumen microbiome patterns of CC and DL calves showed increased plasticity in early stages of development but not during feedlot with PP showing fewer changes over time. These results indicate that BKG systems significantly modulate the rumen microbiome of beef cattle and, underscore the importance of early developmental stages as potential targets for feeding interventions that can impact the animal microbiome to enhance animal performance.

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