scholarly journals Altered metabolomic states elicited by Flg22 and FlgII-28 in Solanum lycopersicum: intracellular perturbations and metabolite defenses

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan R. Zeiss ◽  
Paul A. Steenkamp ◽  
Lizelle A. Piater ◽  
Ian A. Dubery
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Elicitor Treatments ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract Background Surveillance of potential pathogens is a key feature of plant innate immunity. For non-self-recognition plants rely on the perception of pathogen-derived molecules. Early post-perception events activate signaling cascades, leading to the synthesis of defense-related proteins and specialized metabolites, thereby providing a broad-spectrum antimicrobial coverage. This study was concerned with tracking changes in the tomato plant metabolome following perception of the flagellum-derived elicitors (Flg22 and FlgII-28). Results Following an untargeted metabolomics workflow, the metabolic profiles of a Solanum lycopersicum cultivar were monitored over a time range of 16–32 h post-treatment. Liquid chromatography was used to resolve the complex mixture of metabolites and mass spectrometry for the detection of differences associated with the elicitor treatments. Stringent data processing and multivariate statistical tools were applied to the complex dataset to extract relevant metabolite features associated with the elicitor treatments. Following perception of Flg22 and FlgII-28, both elicitors triggered an oxidative burst, albeit with different kinetic responses. Signatory biomarkers were annotated from diverse metabolite classes which included amino acid derivatives, lipid species, steroidal glycoalkaloids, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives, as well as flavonoids. Conclusions An untargeted metabolomics approach adequately captured the subtle and nuanced perturbations associated with elicitor-linked plant defense responses. The shared and unique features characterizing the metabolite profiles suggest a divergence of signal transduction events following perception of Flg22 vs. FlgII-28, leading to a differential reorganization of downstream metabolic pathways.

Exogenous hexanoic acid induced primary defense responses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants infected with Alternaria solani

2022 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 110841
Author(s):  
Zahra Rabiei ◽  
Siavosh Hosseini ◽  
Ali Dehestani ◽  
Hemmatollah Pirdashti ◽  
Farid Beiki
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Hexanoic Acid ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L

scholarly journals A Faster and a Stronger Defense Response: One of the Key Elements in Grapevine Explaining Its Lower Level of Susceptibility to Esca?

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 1028-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Lambert ◽  
Ian Li Kim Khiook ◽  
Sylvia Lucas ◽  
Nadège Télef-Micouleau ◽  
Jean-Michel Mérillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Response ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Stilbene Compounds

Wood diseases like Esca are among the most damaging afflictions in grapevine. The defense mechanisms in this plant–pathogen interaction are not well understood. As some grapevine cultivars have been observed to be less susceptible to Esca than others, understanding the factors involved in this potentially stronger defense response can be of great interest. To lift part of this veil, we elicited Vitis vinifera plants of two cultivars less susceptible to Esca (‘Merlot’ and ‘Carignan’) and of one susceptible cultivar (‘Cabernet Sauvignon’), and monitored their defense responses at the leaf level. Our model of elicitation consisted in grapevine cuttings absorbing a culture filtrate of one causal agent of Esca, Phaemoniella chlamydospora. This model might reflect the early events occurring in Esca-affected grapevines. The two least susceptible cultivars showed an earlier and stronger defense response than the susceptible one, particularly with regard to induction of the PAL and STS genes, and a higher accumulation of stilbene compounds and some pathogenesis-related proteins.

scholarly journals Functional analyses of phosphatidylserine/PI(4)P exchangers with diverse lipid species and membrane contexts set unanticipated rules on lipid transfer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souade Ikhlef ◽  
Nicolas-Frédéric Lipp ◽  
Vanessa Delfosse ◽  
Nicolas Fuggetta ◽  
William Bourguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Oxysterol Binding Protein ◽  
Lipid Exchange ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Acyl Chains ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 4 ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Related Proteins

Several members of the oxysterol-binding protein-related proteins (ORPs)/oxysterol-binding homology (Osh) family exchange phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P) at the endoplasmic reticulum/plasma membrane (PM) interface. It is unclear whether they preferentially exchange PS and PI(4)P with specific acyl chains to tune the features of the PM, whether they use phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) instead of PI(4)P for exchange processes and whether their activity is influenced by the association of PS with sterol in the PM. Here, we measured in vitro how the yeast Osh6p and human ORP8 transported diverse PS and PI(4)P subspecies, including major cellular species, between membranes. We established how their activity is impacted by the length and unsaturation degree of these lipids. Surprisingly, the speed at which they individually transfer these ligands inversely depends on their affinity for them. To be fast, the transfer of high-affinity ligands requires an exchange with a counterligand of equivalent affinity. Besides, we determined that Osh6p and ORP8 cannot use PI(4,5)P2 for intracellular lipid exchange, as they have a low affinity for this lipid compared to PI(4)P, and do not transfer more PS into sterol-rich membranes. This study provides insights into PS/PI(4)P exchangers and sets unanticipated rules on how the activity of lipid transfer proteins relates to their affinity for ligands.

scholarly journals Molecular Insights into Defense Responses of Vietnamese Maize Varieties to Fusarium verticillioides Isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 724
Author(s):  
Trang Minh Tran ◽  
Maarten Ameye ◽  
Sofie Landschoot ◽  
Frank Devlieghere ◽  
Sarah De Saeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Related Proteins

Fusarium ear rot (FER) caused by Fusarium verticillioides is one of the main fungal diseases in maize worldwide. To develop a pathogen-tailored FER resistant maize line for local implementation, insights into the virulence variability of a residing F. verticillioides population are crucial for developing customized maize varieties, but remain unexplored. Moreover, little information is currently available on the involvement of the archetypal defense pathways in the F. verticillioides–maize interaction using local isolates and germplasm, respectively. Therefore, this study aims to fill these knowledge gaps. We used a collection of 12 F. verticillioides isolates randomly gathered from diseased maize fields in the Vietnamese central highlands. To assess the plant’s defense responses against the pathogens, two of the most important maize hybrid genotypes grown in this agro-ecological zone, lines CP888 and Bt/GT NK7328, were used. Based on two assays, a germination and an in-planta assay, we found that line CP888 was more susceptible to the F. verticillioides isolates when compared to line Bt/GT NK7328. Using the most aggressive isolate, we monitored disease severity and gene expression profiles related to biosynthesis pathways of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), benzoxazinoids (BXs), and pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs). As a result, a stronger induction of SA, JA, ABA, BXs, and PRs synthesizing genes might be linked to the higher resistance of line Bt/GT NK7328 compared to the susceptible line CP888. All these findings could supply valuable knowledge in the selection of suitable FER resistant lines against the local F. verticllioides population and in the development of new FER resistant germplasms.

scholarly journals NMR Metabolomics Applied on the Discrimination of Variables Influencing Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3738
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Abreu ◽  
Ignacio Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Metabolic Networks ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
Aroma Components

Tomato composition and nutritional value are attracting increasing attention and interest from both consumers and producers. The interest in enhancing fruits’ quality with respect to beneficious nutrients and flavor/aroma components is based not only in their economic added value but also in their implications involving organoleptic and healthy properties and has generated considerable research interest among nutraceutical and horticultural industries. The present article reviews up to March 2020 some of the most relevant studies based on the application of NMR coupled to multivariate statistical analysis that have addressed the investigation on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Specifically, the NMR untargeted technique in the agri-food sector can generate comprehensive data on metabolic networks and is paving the way towards the understanding of variables affecting tomato crops and composition such as origin, variety, salt-water irrigation, cultivation techniques, stage of development, among many others. Such knowledge is helpful to improve fruit quality through cultural practices that divert the metabolism towards the desired pathways and, probably more importantly, drives further efforts towards the differentiation of those crops developed under controlled and desired agronomical conditions.

scholarly journals The Role of Pathogenesis-Related Proteins in the Tomato-Rhizoctonia solani Interaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parissa Taheri ◽  
Saeed Tarighi
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Potential Pathogen ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Infected Tomato ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Related Proteins

Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most destructive pathogens causing foot rot disease on tomato. In this study, the molecular and cellular changes of a partially resistant (Sunny 6066) and a susceptible (Rio Grande) tomato cultivar after infection with necrotrophic soil-borne fungus R. solani were compared. The expression of defense-related genes such as chitinase (LOC544149) and peroxidase (CEVI-1) in infected tomato cultivars was investigated using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This method revealed elevated levels of expression for both genes in the partially resistant cultivar compared to the susceptible cultivar. One of the most prominent facets of basal plant defense responses is the formation of physical barriers at sites of attempted fungal penetration. These structures are produced around the sites of potential pathogen ingress to prevent pathogen progress in plant tissues. We investigated formation of lignin, as one of the most important structural barriers affecting plant resistance, using thioglycolic acid assay. A correlation was found between lignification and higher level of resistance in Sunny 6066 compared to Rio Grande cultivar. These findings suggest the involvement of chitinase, peroxidase, and lignin formation in defense responses of tomato plants against R. solani as a destructive pathogen.

Defense responses in tomato landrace and wild genotypes to early blight pathogenAlternaria solaniinfection and accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1147-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abida Puthenpeedikal Salim ◽  
Krishnaveni Saminaidu ◽  
Murugan Marimuthu ◽  
Yasodha Perumal ◽  
Velazhahan Rethinasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Blight ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Proteins ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Tomato Landrace

scholarly journals Insights into the Role of Streptomyces hydrogenans as the Plant Growth Promoter, Photosynthetic Pigment Enhancer and Biocontrol Agent against Meloidogyne incognita in Solanum lycopersicum Seedlings

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1109
Author(s):  
Nandni Sharma ◽  
Kanika Khanna ◽  
Rajesh Kumari Manhas ◽  
Renu Bhardwaj ◽  
Puja Ohri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Meloidogyne Sp

Root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne sp. hinders functioning of crops and causes global losses in terms of productivity and yield. Meloidogyne sp. are microscopic, obligatory endoparasites with ubiquitous distribution in different parts of the world. Taking into consideration these aspects, the present study was conducted to explore nematicidal activity of the Streptomyces hydrogenans strain DH-16 against M. incognita to regulate its pathogenicity in plants. In-vitro experimentation revealed that pretreated seeds with solvent and culture supernatant lowered root galls in infested plants and promoted growth of Solanum lycopersicum seedlings, revealed through the morphological analysis. Additionally, antioxidative defense responses were induced with microbes. However, oxidative stress markers were considerably reduced after microbial inoculations. Apart from this, secondary metabolites were assessed and modulated in RKN infested plants on microbial supplementations. Confocal studies evaluated glutathione accumulation within root apices and its enhancement was directly proportional to defense responses. Therefore, the current study concluded the role of S. hydrogenans in stimulating antioxidant potential against RKN along with growth promoting aids. Thus, the outcome of the current study endorses that metabolites produced by S. hydrogenans can be used as safe biocontrol agents against M. incognita and also as plant growth promoting agents.

Variational Bayesian Independent Component Analysis for InSAR displacement time series with application to California

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Gualandi ◽  
Zhen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Independent Component Analysis ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Independent Component ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Tectonic Deformation ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Variational Bayesian

<p>The exploitation of ever increasing Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) datasets to monitor the Earth surface deformation is an important goal of today’s geodesy. Surface geodetic deformation observations are often the result of the combination of a multitude of sources (either volcano-tectonic deformation associated with seismic events, post-seismic relaxation, aseismic transients, long-term creep loading, magma intrusions or non-tectonic deformation associated with hydrological loads, poroelastic rebound, anthropic activity and various sources of noise). In this regard, we are facing a so-called Blind Source Separation (BSS) problem. Natural approaches to tackle BSS problems are those multivariate statistical techniques which attempt to decompose the dataset into a limited number of statistically independent sources, under the assumption that the different physical mechanisms underlying the observations have independent footprints either in space or time. Multiple algorithms have been proposed to separate the various independent sources, and here we show the capabilities of a variational Bayesian Independent Component Analysis (vbICA) algorithm. In particular, we show through synthetic test cases its superiority with respect to other commonly used multivariate statistical techniques like the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the FastICA algorithm. Application of vbICA to InSAR time series from European Space Agency (ESA) Sentinel-1 satellite in the Central Valley and on the Central San Andreas Fault segment, California, spanning the time range 2015-2019, shows that the algorithm provides a viable way to separate elastic and inelastic deformation in response to the aquifer charge/discharge as well as creeping signal from seasonal loading.</p>

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