scholarly journals Molecular Insights into Defense Responses of Vietnamese Maize Varieties to Fusarium verticillioides Isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 724
Author(s):  
Trang Minh Tran ◽  
Maarten Ameye ◽  
Sofie Landschoot ◽  
Frank Devlieghere ◽  
Sarah De Saeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Related Proteins

Fusarium ear rot (FER) caused by Fusarium verticillioides is one of the main fungal diseases in maize worldwide. To develop a pathogen-tailored FER resistant maize line for local implementation, insights into the virulence variability of a residing F. verticillioides population are crucial for developing customized maize varieties, but remain unexplored. Moreover, little information is currently available on the involvement of the archetypal defense pathways in the F. verticillioides–maize interaction using local isolates and germplasm, respectively. Therefore, this study aims to fill these knowledge gaps. We used a collection of 12 F. verticillioides isolates randomly gathered from diseased maize fields in the Vietnamese central highlands. To assess the plant’s defense responses against the pathogens, two of the most important maize hybrid genotypes grown in this agro-ecological zone, lines CP888 and Bt/GT NK7328, were used. Based on two assays, a germination and an in-planta assay, we found that line CP888 was more susceptible to the F. verticillioides isolates when compared to line Bt/GT NK7328. Using the most aggressive isolate, we monitored disease severity and gene expression profiles related to biosynthesis pathways of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), benzoxazinoids (BXs), and pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs). As a result, a stronger induction of SA, JA, ABA, BXs, and PRs synthesizing genes might be linked to the higher resistance of line Bt/GT NK7328 compared to the susceptible line CP888. All these findings could supply valuable knowledge in the selection of suitable FER resistant lines against the local F. verticllioides population and in the development of new FER resistant germplasms.

scholarly journals The Effect of Fusarium verticillioides Fumonisins on Fatty Acids, Sphingolipids, and Oxylipins in Maize Germlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2435
Author(s):  
Marzia Beccaccioli ◽  
Manuel Salustri ◽  
Valeria Scala ◽  
Matteo Ludovici ◽  
Andrea Cacciotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Ceramide Synthase ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

Fusarium verticillioides causes multiple diseases of Zea mays (maize) including ear and seedling rots, contaminates seeds and seed products worldwide with toxic chemicals called fumonisins. The role of fumonisins in disease is unclear because, although they are not required for ear rot, they are required for seedling diseases. Disease symptoms may be due to the ability of fumonisins to inhibit ceramide synthase activity, the expected cause of lipids (fatty acids, oxylipins, and sphingolipids) alteration in infected plants. In this study, we explored the impact of fumonisins on fatty acid, oxylipin, and sphingolipid levels in planta and how these changes affect F. verticillioides growth in maize. The identity and levels of principal fatty acids, oxylipins, and over 50 sphingolipids were evaluated by chromatography followed by mass spectrometry in maize infected with an F. verticillioides fumonisin-producing wild-type strain and a fumonisin-deficient mutant, after different periods of growth. Plant hormones associated with defense responses, i.e., salicylic and jasmonic acid, were also evaluated. We suggest that fumonisins produced by F. verticillioides alter maize lipid metabolism, which help switch fungal growth from a relatively harmless endophyte to a destructive necrotroph.

scholarly journals Global Gene Expression Profiles Suggest an Important Role for Nutrient Acquisition in Early Pathogenesis in a Plant Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (18) ◽  
pp. 5784-5791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany L. Weir ◽  
Valerie J. Stull ◽  
Dayakar Badri ◽  
Lily A. Trunck ◽  
Herbert P. Schweizer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
In Planta

ABSTRACT Although Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that does not often naturally infect alternate hosts, such as plants, the plant-P. aeruginosa model has become a widely recognized system for identifying new virulence determinants and studying the pathogenesis of the organism. Here, we examine how both host factors and P. aeruginosa PAO1 gene expression are affected in planta after infiltration into incompatible and compatible cultivars of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). N. tabacum has a resistance gene (N) against tobacco mosaic virus, and although resistance to PAO1 infection is correlated with the presence of a dominant N gene, our data suggest that it is not a factor in resistance against PAO1. We did observe that the resistant tobacco cultivar had higher basal levels of salicylic acid and a stronger salicylic acid response upon infiltration of PAO1. Salicylic acid acts as a signal to activate defense responses in plants, limiting the spread of the pathogen and preventing access to nutrients. It has also been shown to have direct virulence-modulating effects on P. aeruginosa. We also examined host effects on the pathogen by analyzing global gene expression profiles of bacteria removed from the intracellular fluid of the two plant hosts. We discovered that the availability of micronutrients, particularly sulfate and phosphates, is important for in planta pathogenesis and that the amounts of these nutrients made available to the bacteria may in turn have an effect on virulence gene expression. Indeed, there are several reports suggesting that P. aeruginosa virulence is influenced in mammalian hosts by the availability of micronutrients, such as iron and nitrogen, and by levels of O2.

scholarly journals A Faster and a Stronger Defense Response: One of the Key Elements in Grapevine Explaining Its Lower Level of Susceptibility to Esca?

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 1028-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Lambert ◽  
Ian Li Kim Khiook ◽  
Sylvia Lucas ◽  
Nadège Télef-Micouleau ◽  
Jean-Michel Mérillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Response ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Stilbene Compounds

Wood diseases like Esca are among the most damaging afflictions in grapevine. The defense mechanisms in this plant–pathogen interaction are not well understood. As some grapevine cultivars have been observed to be less susceptible to Esca than others, understanding the factors involved in this potentially stronger defense response can be of great interest. To lift part of this veil, we elicited Vitis vinifera plants of two cultivars less susceptible to Esca (‘Merlot’ and ‘Carignan’) and of one susceptible cultivar (‘Cabernet Sauvignon’), and monitored their defense responses at the leaf level. Our model of elicitation consisted in grapevine cuttings absorbing a culture filtrate of one causal agent of Esca, Phaemoniella chlamydospora. This model might reflect the early events occurring in Esca-affected grapevines. The two least susceptible cultivars showed an earlier and stronger defense response than the susceptible one, particularly with regard to induction of the PAL and STS genes, and a higher accumulation of stilbene compounds and some pathogenesis-related proteins.

scholarly journals Fusarium verticillioides FvPex8 is a key component of peroxisomal docking/translocation module that serves important roles in fumonisin biosynthesis but not in virulence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenying Yu ◽  
Mei Lin ◽  
Minghui Peng ◽  
Huijuan Yan ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
The Core ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Peroxisome Membrane

AbstractPeroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles in eukaryotic cells that fulfill various important metabolic functions. In this study, we investigated the role of Docking/Translocation Module (DTM) peroxins, mainly FvPex8, FvPex13, FvPex14, and FvPex33, in Fusarium verticillioides virulence and fumonisin B1 (FB1) biosynthesis. Protein interaction experiments suggested that FvPex13 serves as the core subunit of F. verticillioides DTM. When we generated gene deletion mutants (ΔFvpex8, ΔFvpex13, ΔFvpex14, ΔFvpex33, ΔFvpex33/14) and examined whether the expression of other peroxin genes were affected in the DTM mutants, ΔFvpex8 strain showed most drastic changes to PEX gene expression profiles. Deletion mutants exhibited disparity in carbon source utilization and defect in cell wall integrity when stress agents were applied. Under nutrient starvation, mutants also showed higher levels of lipid droplet accumulation. Notably, ΔFvpex8 mutant showed significant FB1 reduction and altered expression of FUM1 and FUM19 genes. However, FvPex13 was primarily responsible for virulence, while ΔFvpex33/14 double mutant also showed virulence defect. In summary, our study suggests that FvPex13 is the core component of DTM, regulating peroxisome membrane biogenesis as well as PTS1- and PTS2-mediated transmembrane cargo transportation. Importantly, we predict FvPex8 as a key component in DTM that affects peroxisome function in FB1 biosynthesis in F. verticillioides.

scholarly journals Major Latex Protein MdMLP423 Negatively Regulates Defense against Fungal Infections in Apple

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan He ◽  
Gaopeng Yuan ◽  
Shuxun Bian ◽  
Xiaolei Han ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Gene ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Related Proteins

Major latex proteins (MLPs) play critical roles in plants defense and stress responses. However, the roles of MLPs from apple (Malus × domestica) have not been clearly identified. In this study, we focused on the biological role of MdMLP423, which had been previously characterized as a potential pathogenesis-related gene. Phylogenetic analysis and conserved domain analysis indicated that MdMLP423 is a protein with a ‘Gly-rich loop’ (GXGGXG) domain belonging to the Bet v_1 subfamily. Gene expression profiles showed that MdMLP423 is mainly expressed in flowers. In addition, the expression of MdMLP423 was significantly inhibited by Botryosphaeria berengeriana f. sp. piricola (BB) and Alternaria alternata apple pathotype (AAAP) infections. Apple calli overexpressing MdMLP423 had lower expression of resistance-related genes, and were more sensitive to infection with BB and AAAP compared with non-transgenic calli. RNA-seq analysis of MdMLP423-overexpressing calli and non-transgenic calli indicated that MdMLP423 regulated the expression of a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and transcription factors, including genes involved in phytohormone signaling pathways, cell wall reinforcement, and genes encoding the defense-related proteins, AP2-EREBP, WRKY, MYB, NAC, Zinc finger protein, and ABI3. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MdMLP423 negatively regulates apple resistance to BB and AAAP infections by inhibiting the expression of defense- and stress-related genes and transcription factors.

Defense responses in tomato landrace and wild genotypes to early blight pathogenAlternaria solaniinfection and accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1147-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abida Puthenpeedikal Salim ◽  
Krishnaveni Saminaidu ◽  
Murugan Marimuthu ◽  
Yasodha Perumal ◽  
Velazhahan Rethinasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Blight ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Proteins ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Tomato Landrace

scholarly journals A New Assessment of Thioester-Containing Proteins Diversity of the Freshwater Snail Biomphalaria glabrata

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Duval ◽  
Remi Pichon ◽  
Damien Lassalle ◽  
Maud Laffitte ◽  
Benjamin Gourbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Animal Phyla ◽  
Related Proteins

Thioester-containing proteins (TEPs) superfamily is known to play important innate immune functions in a wide range of animal phyla. TEPs are involved in recognition, and in the direct or mediated killing of several invading organisms or pathogens. While several TEPs have been identified in many invertebrates, only one TEP (named BgTEP) has been previously characterized in the freshwater snail, Biomphalaria glabrata. As the presence of a single member of that family is particularly intriguing, transcriptomic data and the recently published genome were used to explore the presence of other BgTEP related genes in B. glabrata. Ten other TEP members have been reported and classified into different subfamilies: Three complement-like factors (BgC3-1 to BgC3-3), one α-2-macroblobulin (BgA2M), two macroglobulin complement-related proteins (BgMCR1, BgMCR2), one CD109 (BgCD109), and three insect TEP (BgTEP2 to BgTEP4) in addition to the previously characterized BgTEP that we renamed BgTEP1. This is the first report on such a level of TEP diversity and of the presence of macroglobulin complement-related proteins (MCR) in mollusks. Gene structure analysis revealed alternative splicing in the highly variable region of three members (BgA2M, BgCD109, and BgTEP2) with a particularly unexpected diversity for BgTEP2. Finally, different gene expression profiles tend to indicate specific functions for such novel family members.

A deep learning model based on sparse auto-encoder for prioritizing cancer-related genes and drug target combinations

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-632
Author(s):  
Ji-Wei Chang ◽  
Yuduan Ding ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar ◽  
Yin Shen ◽  
Junxiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Deep Learning Model

Abstract Prioritization of cancer-related genes from gene expression profiles and proteomic data is vital to improve the targeted therapies research. Although computational approaches have been complementing high-throughput biological experiments on the understanding of human diseases, it still remains a big challenge to accurately discover cancer-related proteins/genes via automatic learning from large-scale protein/gene expression data and protein–protein interaction data. Most of the existing methods are based on network construction combined with gene expression profiles, which ignore the diversity between normal samples and disease cell lines. In this study, we introduced a deep learning model based on a sparse auto-encoder to learn the specific characteristics of protein interactions in cancer cell lines integrated with protein expression data. The model showed learning ability to identify cancer-related proteins/genes from the input of different protein expression profiles by extracting the characteristics of protein interaction information, which could also predict cancer-related protein combinations. Comparing with other reported methods including differential expression and network-based methods, our model got the highest area under the curve value (>0.8) in predicting cancer-related genes. Our study prioritized ~500 high-confidence cancer-related genes; among these genes, 211 already known cancer drug targets were found, which supported the accuracy of our method. The above results indicated that the proposed auto-encoder model could computationally prioritize candidate proteins/genes involved in cancer and improve the targeted therapies research.

scholarly journals The Fusarium graminearum t-SNARE Sso2 Is Involved in Growth, Defense, and DON Accumulation and Virulence

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 888-901
Author(s):  
Sean P. O’Mara ◽  
Karen Broz ◽  
Marike Boenisch ◽  
Zixuan Zhong ◽  
Yanhong Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Double Deletion

The plant-pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum, causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease on small grain cereals, produces toxic trichothecenes that require facilitated export for full virulence. Two potential modes of mycotoxin transport are membrane-bound transporters, which move toxins across cellular membranes, and N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment receptor (SNARE)-mediated vesicular transport, by which toxins may be packaged as cargo in vesicles bound for organelles or the plasma membrane. In this study, we show that deletion of a gene (Sso2) for a subapically localized t-SNARE protein results in growth alteration, increased sensitivity to xenobiotics, altered gene expression profiles, and reduced deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation in vitro and in planta as well as reduced FHB symptoms on wheat. A double deletion mutant generated by crossing the ∆sso2 deletion mutant with an ATP-binding cassette transporter deletion mutant (∆abc1) resulted in an additive reduction in DON accumulation and almost complete loss of FHB symptoms in planta. These results suggest an important role of Sso2-mediated subapical exocytosis in FHB progression and xenobiotic defense and are the first report of an additive reduction in F. graminearum DON accumulation upon deletion of two distinct modes of cellular export. This research provides useful information which may aid in formulating novel management plans of FHB or other destructive plant diseases.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas fluorescens MZ05 Enhances Resistance against Setosphaeria turcica by Mediating Benzoxazinoid Metabolism in the Maize Inbred Line Anke35

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhou ◽  
Zhongyou Ma ◽  
Xiaoming Lu ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Congsheng Yan
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Setosphaeria Turcica ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Induced Disease Resistance ◽  
Foliar Pathogen ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Leaf Pathogen

Beneficial rhizobacteria can inhibit foliar pathogen infection by activation of defense responses, yet it the mechanisms of rhizobacteria-induced disease resistance remain largely unknown. Here, inoculation of susceptible maize plants with Pseudomonas fluorescens MZ05 significantly reduced disease occurrence caused by the leaf pathogen Setosphaeria turcica. Gene expression profiles of MZ05-inoculated plants were investigated by RNA-sequencing analyses, showing that several differentially expressed genes were positively associated with the metabolic processes of benzoxazinoids. Accordantly, the inoculation with P. fluorescens MZ05 resulted in a significant increase in the levels of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA) in the maize leaves. Furthermore, pre-inoculation with P. fluorescens MZ05 enhanced the transcription of two defense-related marked genes PAL and PR2a, as well as BX2 and GLU2, which are involved in DIMBOA biosynthesis, in pathogen-infected leaves. Defense responses in the inoculated plants were also greatly stronger and quicker than that in non-inoculated plants after pathogen attacks. However, virus-mediated silencing of BX2 or GLU2 remarkably attenuated the MZ05-induced effects, as evidenced by more disease occurrence and lower transcription of PAL and PR2a. Collectively, these findings indicated that the MZ05-induced increases of DIMBOA levels participated in the mediation of priming, which was the key mechanism in the rhizobacteria-induced host resistance.

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