Readmission rates following heart failure: a scoping review of sex and gender based considerations

Purpose: To date, research studies in most disciplines have not made sex-based analysis a priority despite increasing evidence of its importance. We now understand that both sex and gender impact medication prescribing, use, and effect. This is particularly true for older adults with dementia who have alterations in drug metabolism, drug response, and the permeability of the blood–brain barrier. To better understand the influence of sex and gender on drug use in older adults with dementia, we conducted a scoping review. Methods: This scoping review systematically searched the Medline, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and ProQuest databases to find published reports on polypharmacy in populations of older adults with dementia that included a sex- or gender-based analysis. Results: A total of 12 published reports were identified. Findings were cohort studies and case-control trials that commented on sex-related differences in medication use as a secondary analysis to the studies’ primary objective. These studies showed that community-dwelling women received more potentially inappropriate medications and more psychotropic medications, while nursing home dwelling men received more potentially inappropriate medications, cholinesterase inhibitors, and antipsychotics. None of the identified studies explicitly examined gender-related differences in medication use. Conclusion: This scoping review supports that there is inadequate understanding of both sex and gender differences in drug use in older men and women with dementia. To tailor medication-specific interventions to improve drug therapy for older adults with dementia, it is important that future work includes sex- or gender-based analysis of drug use.

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Intersectionality and sex and gender-based analyses as promising approaches in addressing intimate partner violence treatment programs among LGBT couples: A scoping review

Cogent Social Sciences ◽

10.1080/23311886.2019.1644982 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1644982 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Montse Subirana-Malaret ◽

Jacqueline Gahagan ◽

Robin Parker

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Treatment Programs ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender

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Misuse of Prescription Opioid Medication among Women: A Scoping Review

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2016/1754195 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Natalie Hemsing ◽

Lorraine Greaves ◽

Nancy Poole ◽

Rose Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

The United States ◽

Prescription Opioid ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Chronic Noncancer Pain ◽

Opioid Medication ◽

Treatment Considerations ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender ◽

Noncancer Pain

Background. National data from Canada and the United States identify women to be at greater risk than men for the misuse of prescription opioid medications. Various sex- and gender-based factors and patient and physician practices may affect women’s use and misuse of prescription opioid drugs.Objectives. To explore the particular risks, issues, and treatment considerations for prescription opioid misuse among women who experience chronic noncancer pain and trauma.Methods. A scoping review for articles published between January 1990 and May 2014 was conducted on sex- and gender-based risks and treatment considerations among women who experience chronic noncancer pain and trauma.Results. A total of 57 articles were identified. The present narrative review summarizes the specific risks for the misuse of prescription opioid medication among women who have experienced violence and trauma, Aboriginal women, adolescents and young women, older women, pregnant women, women of a sexual minority, and transwomen.Discussion. The majority of the literature is descriptive, with few studies that evaluate approaches and interventions to respond to the issue of chronic pain, trauma, and misuse of prescription opioids among women, particularly vulnerable subgroups of women.Conclusions. Trauma-informed and women-centred approaches that address women’s vulnerabilities and complex needs require further attention.

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Sexual health (excluding reproductive health, intimate partner violence and gender-based violence) and COVID-19: a scoping review

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sextrans-2020-054896 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. sextrans-2020-054896

Author(s):

Navin Kumar ◽

Kamila Janmohamed ◽

Kate Nyhan ◽

Laura Forastiere ◽

Wei-Hong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Health Disparities ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Sexual Health ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health disparities, including disparities in sexual health and well-being. While there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and population health disparities generally—including some with attention to HIV—none has focused on sexual health (ie, STI care, female sexual health, sexual behaviour). We have conducted a scoping review focused on sexual health (excluding reproductive health (RH), intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender-based violence (GBV)) in the COVID-19 era, examining sexual behaviours and sexual health outcomes.MethodsA scoping review, compiling both peer-reviewed and grey literature, focused on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and COVID-19 was conducted on 15 September 2020. Multiple bibliographical databases were searched. Study selection conformed to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. We only included English-language original studies.ResultsWe found that men who have sex with men may be moving back toward pre-pandemic levels of sexual activity, and that STI and HIV testing rates seem to have decreased. There was minimal focus on outcomes such as the economic impact on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and STI care, especially STI care of marginalised populations. In terms of population groups, there was limited focus on sex workers or on women, especially women’s sexual behaviour and mental health. We noticed limited use of qualitative techniques. Very few studies were in low/middle-income countries (LMICs).ConclusionsSexual health research is critical during a global infectious disease pandemic and our review of studies suggested notable research gaps. Researchers can focus efforts on LMICs and under-researched topics within sexual health and explore the use of qualitative techniques and interventions where appropriate.

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“I am an atypical mother”: Motherhood and maternal language in Giovanna Cristina Vivinetto’s poetry

Forum Italicum A Journal of Italian Studies ◽

10.1177/0014585821991848 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 001458582199184

Author(s):

Danila Cannamela

Keyword(s):

Symbolic Order ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

New Words ◽

Poetic Discourse ◽

Maternal Language ◽

Queer Representation ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Male To Female

In her debut book Dolore minimo, Giovanna Cristina Vivinetto engages in a reflection on motherhood to recount an autobiographical story of gender self-determination and male to female transition. This article explores Vivinetto’s poetry as the retelling of transformative moments in two mother–daughter relationships, which generate a reshaping of life and language. In the book, these two storylines intersect, blur, and even overlap, creating a poetic discourse in which the maternal acts simultaneously as powerful catalyzer and producer of meanings. In discussing how, in Dolore minimo, the relationship of two atypical mothers becomes the creative site of a new possible symbolic order, my analysis engages an atypical approach: it reads Vivinetto’s queer representation of motherhood via the theorization developed by the women of Diotima—including, in particular, Luisa Muraro, Chiara Zamboni, Diana Sartori, and Ida Dominijanni. These feminist thinkers have been generally criticized for reinforcing binary understandings of sex and gender, based on an essentialist view of the category of woman. Yet, what if the feminism forwarded by Diotima, by positioning the feminine as a creative producer and first-person narrator of change, could still offer a productive avenue for dialogue? The article begins with a discussion of Diotima’s key theorizations, which lays the groundwork for interpreting the maternal poetics of Dolore minimo. The subsequent sections examine in more depth how Vivinetto’s poetry has reinvented the figure of the mother as a teacher and learner of new words, and how, through this reinvention, she has crafted a maternal language that knits together new relations of contiguity and change. Ultimately, by redeploying the figure of the mother beyond cisgender norms, Vivinetto’s poetry is revealing the inexhaustible vitality of this character.

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Sex and gender: More than just demographic variables

Journal of Military Veteran and Family Health ◽

10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0027 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. e20210027

Author(s):

Callaghan Walter

Keyword(s):

Armed Forces ◽

Well Being ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Canadian Armed Forces ◽

Starting Point ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender ◽

Published Research ◽

Health And Well Being

LAY SUMMARY Taking as a starting point that sex and gender are not the same thing, a principal understanding of Gender-Based Analysis Plus (GBA+), this article reviews research published in 2020 on the health and well-being of Veterans and currently serving members of the Canadian Armed Forces. The purpose of this review was to see how sex and gender were referred to in this published literature. The published research tended not to differentiate between sex and gender, often using the two terms as though they referred to the same thing. Possible reasons for why this has happened are explored, as is the importance of treating sex and gender as fundamentally different things.

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Abstract 9759: Race and Gender Differences in Survival Among Hospitalized Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Surveillance Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.9759 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Kavita Sharma ◽

Sunil K Agarwal ◽

Lisa M Wrick ◽

Kunihiro Matsushita ◽

Patricia P Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽

Washington County ◽

Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender ◽

Forsyth County

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for about half of HF hospitalizations, and has been reported to be more common amongst Caucasians and women in outpatient population studies. There are limited data, however, on the influence of race and gender on survival in HFpEF. We evaluated whether clinical characteristics and outcomes differ amongst HFpEF patients by race and gender. Methods: HFpEF (EF≥ 50%) hospitalization cases from 2005-2009 adjudicated by a physician panel were analyzed from the community-based surveillance component of the ARIC study, comprising 4 US communities (Jackson, MS; Washington County, MD; Minneapolis, MN; and Forsyth County, NC; combined population in 2009 = 214,000). The association of race and gender with mortality at 28-days and 1-year was evaluated. Results: Of 3,786 (weighted n = 18,265) adjudicated acute decompensated HF cases, 1,726 (weighted n = 8114) were categorized as HFpEF. Patient characteristics included: female (44%), African American (AA, 32%), hypertension (83%), diabetes (46%), and mean BMI of 28. Compared to Caucasians, AA’s were younger (70 vs. 77 years, p<0.001), more frequently women (47% vs. 42%, p<0.001), with higher systolic blood pressure (SBP, 145 vs. 135 mmHg, p<0.001), and more prior HF hospitalizations (50% vs. 37%, p<0.001). Compared to men, women were older (76 vs. 73 years, p<0.001), with higher SBP (141 vs. 138 mmHg, p=0.03), and better renal function (eGFR 42 vs. 38 mL/min/1.73m 2 , p<0.001). Overall 28-day and 1-year mortality was 13.1% and 32.8%, respectively, with no differences in un-adjusted or adjusted estimates by race or gender (Table 1). Conclusions: In hospitalized HFpEF patients, overall 28-day and 1-year mortality were high without apparent race- or gender-based differences in mortality. These data may help inform the development of future interventions and resource allocation.

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