scholarly journals Socio-economic inequality in the prevalence of violence against older adults – findings from India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debashree Sinha ◽  
Prem Shankar Mishra ◽  
Shobhit Srivastava ◽  
Pradeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Related Inequality

Abstract Background Violence against older adults is a well-recognised socio-psychological and public health problem. It is uncared-for, undiagnosed, and an untreated problem that is widespread across both developed and developing countries. The present paper aims to understand the extent of the socio-economic status related inequality in violence against older adults in India. Methods The study uses data from Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India (BKPAI). Violence against older adults is the outcome variable for the study and is defined as older adults who faced any abuse or violence or neglect or disrespect by any person. Bivariate analysis and regression-based decomposition technique is used to understand the relative contribution of various socio-economic factors to violence against older adults (N = 9541). Results The prevalence of violence faced by older adults was 11.2%. Older adults aged 80+ years [OR: 1.49; CI: 1.14–1.93] and working [OR: 1.26; CI: 1.02–1.56] had higher likelihood to face violence than their counterparts. On the other hand, older adults who were currently in union [OR: 0.79; CI: 0.65–0.95], lived with children [OR: 0.53; CI: 0.40–0.72] and who belonged to richer wealth quintile [OR: 0.35; CI:0.24–0.51] had lower likelihood to suffer from violence than their counterparts. The decomposition results revealed that poor older adults were more prone to violence (Concentration index: − 0.20). Household’s wealth status was responsible for explaining 93.7% of the socio-economic status related inequality whereas living arrangement of older adults explained 13.7% of the socio-economic related inequality. Education and working status of older adults made a substantial contribution to the inequalities in reported violence, explaining 3.7% and 3.3% of the total inequality, respectively. Conclusion Though interpretation of the results requires a cautious understanding of the data used, the present study highlights some of the relevant issues faced by the country’s older adults. With no or meagre income of their own, older adults belonging to the poorest wealth quintile have little or no bargaining power to secure a violent free environment for themselves. Therefore, special attention in terms of social and economic support should be given to the economically vulnerable older population.

scholarly journals Socio-economic inequality in the prevalence of violence against older adults – Findings from India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debashree Sinha ◽  
Prem Shankar Mishra ◽  
Shobhit Srivast ◽  
Pradeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Related Inequality

Abstract Background Violence against older adults is a well-recognised socio-psychological and public health problem worldwide. It is uncared-for, undiagnosed, and untreated problem that is widespread across both developed and developing countries. Therefore, this paper aims to understand the extent of socio-economic status related inequality in violence against older adults. Methods Data for this study came from Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India (BKPAI). Violence against older adults was the outcome variable for this study and defined as older adults who faced any abuse or violence or neglect or disrespect by any person. Bivariate analysis and regression-based decomposition technique is used to understand the relative contribution of various socioeconomic factors to violence among (N = 9541) older adults. Results The most dominant form of violence is verbal (10%) followed by disrespect (5.8%) and economic violence (5.2%). Older adults aged 80 + years [OR: 1.49; CI: 1.14–1.93] and working [OR: 1.26; CI: 1.02–1.56] had higher likelihood to suffer from violence than their counterparts. On the other hand older adults who were currently in union [OR: 0.79; CI: 0.65–0.95], living with children [OR: 0.53; CI: 0.40–0.72] and belonging to richer wealth quintile [OR: 0.35; CI: 0.24–0.51] had lower likelihood to suffer from violence than their counterparts. The decomposition results revealed that poor older adults are more prone to violence (Concentration index: -0.20). Household’s wealth status was responsible for 93.7% of the SES-related inequality whereas living arrangement of older adults explained 13.7% SES-related inequality. Education and working status of older adults made a substantial contribution to the inequalities in reported violence, explaining 3.7% and 3.3% of the total inequality, respectively. Conclusion With no or meagre income of their own, older adults belonging to the poorest wealth quintile have little or no bargaining power to secure a violent free environment for themselves. Therefore, special attention in terms of social and economic support should be given to the economically vulnerable older population.

Alignment or struggle? Exploring socio-demographic correlates of individual modernity in Chinese older people

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
XUE BAI
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Individual Modernity ◽  
Chinese Older People ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

ABSTRACTIt is noteworthy that while modernisation, together with population ageing, has happened in Western countries for a rather long period of time, China must confront the challenges of an ageing population before it really becomes an advanced industrial society. Facing rapid societal changes, citizens may react differently to this process. By conducting questionnaire surveys with 445 elders in Wuhan, China, this study examines Chinese older adults' individual modernity modes and reveals its socio-demographic correlates. The results show that facing rapid changes in societal modernisation, participants have reacted differently to this process, with 23.8 per cent of Chinese older participants using an accommodation mode, 27.0 per cent using a resistance mode, 13.3 per cent using a withdrawal mode and 36.2 per cent using a coping mode. In addition, socio-demographic factors such as urban–rural residence, age, gender, socio-economic status, living arrangement and daily activities have been identified as significant correlates of Chinese older participants' individual modernity modes. It is further suggested that governments at all levels should allow for options and opportunities for older people to align themselves in the modernisation process by removing the barriers that may hinder their integration and empowerment efforts. While it is important to respect older adults' different responses in the face of modernisation, their participation in societies should be encouraged and respected by the wider society in the context of modernisation.

scholarly journals Low Socio Economic Status Risk Improving Attention Deficit and Hiperactivity Disorder in Preschoolers

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Setianingsih Setianingsih ◽  
Rachmawati Novi ◽  
Juniarsih Juniarsih
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Relationship Of

Socioeconomic status of person has an important role to child development. Social economy can affect physical health, mental wellbeing and cognitive development. One of the growing disorders of attention disorder and hyperactivity disorder was characterized by hyperactive, impulsive and lack of attention. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship of socioeconomic status of parents at risk of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to preschoolers in Klaten District. This study uses categorical comparative design with cross sectional approach. Respondents of this study were 84, that divided into two places, there were ABA TK Lor Sabrang Trucuk and TKIT Mutiara Hati so that every kindergarten 42 respondents obtained by purposive sampling. Data was collection by filling the instrument. Bivariate  analysis using test Chi Square. The results showed the average age of respondents were 5.25 years. The sex of the respondents is mostly male as many as 47 children or 56.0%. Test results Chi square show there is a relationship of socio-economic status of parents with ADHD (p = 0.036) and there is a different between low socioeconomic status and high that lower socioeconomic status is a risk of ADHD (25,6%) compared with high socioeconomic status (6,7%). There is a negative relationship between socioeconomic status and the risk of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in pre-school age children. 

Suicide among refugees

2021 ◽  
pp. 543-552
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Vijayakumar ◽  
Sujit John ◽  
A.T. Jotheeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Exposure To Trauma ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Suicide is a global public health problem, with the majority of suicides occurring in low- and middle-income countries. The UNHCR reported that in 2017 there were 25.4 million refugees, with the majority (85%) being hosted by developing countries, which have limited infrastructure, healthcare systems, and are often politically and economically unstable. A review of suicidal behaviour among refugees reveals a prevalence of 3.4–40%. Female sex, higher education and socio-economic status, exposure to trauma, presence of psychological disorders, long stay in detention centres, and rejection of asylum status are associated with increased suicidal risk. Globally, data for rates of suicide among refugee groups are not available and any interventions to reduce suicide among refugees have received scant attention. A theoretical model for understanding suicide risk in refugees is proposed in this chapter and the possible interventions discussed.

Abortion care seeking in India: patterns and predictors

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-365
Author(s):  
Palak Sharma ◽  
Manas Ranjan Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Abortion Care ◽  
Facility Type

AbstractUnsafe abortions remain a considerable public health problem and continue to be a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality throughout the world. This study assessed whether women’s choice of type of health care facility for abortion in India varied by their socio-demographic and economic characteristics, and aimed to determine the significant predictors of choice of health care facility. Data were taken from the 2015–16 Indian National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-4). The study sample included women aged 15–49 years, irrespective of their marital status, who had terminated their last pregnancy by induced abortion in the five years before the survey (N = 6876). A bivariate analysis was carried out to assess the pattern in the choice of health care facility type for an abortion, and a multinomial logistic regression model was fitted to assess the predictors affecting the choice of health care facility type for an abortion. The results showed that, at the time of the 2015–16 survey, women in India went to private facilities more than public facilities for abortion care, irrespective of their age, distance to facility and financial constraints. The probability of visiting a private facility increased with women’s age, gestational age and the wealth quintile. A wide variation in choice of health facility for abortion care by socioeconomic characteristics was observed.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasites in Meche community in relation to their socio-economic status

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
N. Dhakal ◽  
Janak Raj Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
P Value ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Village Development Committee

Background and Objectives: Intestinal parasites still establishes one of the important causes of public health problem in world, especially in developing countries like Nepal. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in Meche community of Jalthal Village Development Committee of Jhapa district in relation to their socio-economic status. Material and Methods: Study was carried out during June to July 2017 in Meche community of Jalthal Village Development Committee of Jhapa district. A total of 150 human stool samples were randomly collected and examined using direct smear and concentration methods (sedimentation and flotation technique). Results: Among total samples the prevalence of intestinal parasites in Meche community was 27.33%. Prevalence rate in females were higher 32.47% than in males 21.91%. There was no significant difference in the distribution of parasites between male and female (χ2=1.6022, df=1, p value=0.2056). The prevalence of the parasites was maximum in the age group 21- 40 years (47.22%). Altogether 5 species of the intestinal parasites were detected. Among them Ascaris lumbricoides (19.33%) topped the list followed by Taenia solium (2.67%), Hookworm (2.67%), Entamoeba coli (2.67%) and Trichuris trichiura (2%). Conclusion: The high prevalence of infection in community seems directly related to un-hygienic living condition, unsafe drinking water, unhygienic food, lack of health education, poor sanitary condition and low socio-economic status help to increase the burden of the infection in the community.

scholarly journals Polypharmacy Is Associated with Lower Memory Function in African American Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Cheryl Wisseh ◽  
Mohammed Saqib ◽  
Mohsen Bazargan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
African American ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Future Research

Although previous research has linked polypharmacy to lower cognitive function in the general population, we know little about this association among economically challenged African American (AA) older adults. This study explored the link between polypharmacy and memory function among AA older adults. This community-based study recruited 399 AA older adults who were 65+ years old and living in economically disadvantaged areas of South Los Angeles. Polypharmacy (taking 5+ medications) was the independent variable, memory function was the outcome variable (continuous variable), and gender, age, living arrangement, socioeconomic status (educational attainment and financial strain), health behaviors (current smoking and any binge drinking), and multimorbidity (number of chronic diseases) were the covariates. Linear regression was used for data analyses. Polypharmacy was associated with lower scores on memory function, above and beyond covariates. Among AA older adults, polypharmacy may be linked to worse cognitive function. Future research should test the mechanisms by which polypharmacy is associated with lower levels of cognitive decline. There is a need for screening for memory problems in AA older adults who are exposed to polypharmacy.

scholarly journals The role of perceived barriers in explaining socio-economic status differences in adherence to the fruit, vegetable and fish guidelines in older adults: a mediation study

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 797-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Coosje Dijkstra ◽  
Judith E Neter ◽  
Maartje M van Stralen ◽  
Dirk L Knol ◽  
Ingeborg A Brouwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
High Price ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Socio Economic Status

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to identify barriers for meeting the fruit, vegetable and fish guidelines in older Dutch adults and to investigate socio-economic status (SES) differences in these barriers. Furthermore, we examined the mediating role of these barriers in the association between SES and adherence to these guidelines.DesignCross-sectional.SettingLongitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), the Netherlands.SubjectsWe used data from 1057 community-dwelling adults, aged 55–85 years. SES was measured by level of education and household income. An FFQ was used to assess dietary intake and barriers were measured with a self-reported lifestyle questionnaire.ResultsOverall, 48·9 % of the respondents perceived a barrier to adhere to the fruit guideline, 40·0 % for the vegetable and 51·1 % for the fish guideline. The most frequently perceived barriers to meet the guidelines were the high price of fruit and fish and a poor appetite for vegetables. Lower-SES groups met the guidelines less often and perceived more barriers. The association between income and adherence to the fruit guideline was mediated by ‘perceiving any barrier to meet the fruit guideline’ and the barrier ‘dislike fruit’. The association between income and adherence to the fish guideline was mediated by ‘perceiving any barrier to meet the fish guideline’ and the barrier ‘fish is expensive’.ConclusionsPerceived barriers for meeting the dietary guidelines are common in older adults, especially in lower-SES groups. These barriers and in particular disliking and cost concerns explained the lower adherence to the guidelines for fruit and fish in lower-income groups in older adults.

scholarly journals Comparative validation of standard, picture-sort and meal-based food-frequency questionnaires adapted for an elderly population of low socio-economic status

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara A Quandt ◽  
Mara Z Vitolins ◽  
Shannon L Smith ◽  
Janet A Tooze ◽  
Ronny A Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Native American ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Highly Correlated

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the validity of a modified Block food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), a picture-sort administration of the FFQ (PSFFQ) and a meal pattern-based questionnaire (MPQ) in a multi-ethnic population of low socio-economic status (SES).DesignParticipants completed six 24-hour dietary recalls (24HR) over six months; the FFQ, PSFFQ and MPQ were completed in random order in the subsequent month. Instruments were interviewer-administered. The PSFFQ and MPQ were developed in formative research concerning difficulties for older adults in responding to standard food-frequency instruments.SettingRural North Carolina, USA.SubjectsOne hundred and twenty-two African American, Native American and white adults aged ≥ 65 years, with approximately one-third in each ethnic group. Inclusion criteria included education ≤ 12 years and income ≤ 150% of national poverty level or Medicaid recipient.ResultsComparing median intakes from the average of the 24HR with the three diet assessment instruments, the MPQ tended to overestimate intakes compared with the FFQ and PSFFQ. Correlations among nutrients obtained by the 24HR and the other three instruments were generally statistically significant and positive. Across nutrients, the PSFFQ was most highly correlated with the 24HR for women, while the FFQ was most highly correlated with the 24HR for men.ConclusionsDietary assessments using 24HR and FFQ were similar to results reported elsewhere, although correlations between 24HR and FFQ were somewhat lower. Interviewer-administered dietary assessments should be used with caution to evaluate dietary intake among older adults with low SES. Gender differences and the lower correlations should be investigated more thoroughly to assist in choosing dietary assessment instruments for this population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document