scholarly journals Institutionalized elderly are able to detect small viscosity variations in thickened water with gum-based thickeners: should texture classifications be reviewed?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Calmarza-Chueca ◽  
Ana Cristina-Sánchez-Gimeno ◽  
Javier Perez-Nogueras ◽  
Alberto Caverni-Muñoz ◽  
Alejandro Sanz-Arque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Scientific Societies ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Rheological Behaviors ◽  
Small Viscosity ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background The prevalence of dysphagia is very high in institutionalized elderly. Knowledge of the rheological and sensory characteristics of the various thickeners in elderly is limited, although it has been seen that there are differences between the rheological behaviors of gum-based thickeners with different composition. Moreover, we have not found sensory studies of viscosity in institutionalized elderly. Our hypothesis was that viscosity ranges established by the scientific societies, such as the National Dysphagia Diet Task Force (NDD), seem to be very wide and individuals might be able to detect small differences within the same texture range. The objectives of our study were 1) comparing the rheological characteristics of two commercial gum-based thickeners with different composition, dissolved in water under standard conditions, and 2) perform a sensory analysis (with both adults and institutionalized elderly) to detect different viscosities within the same texture (nectar and honey). Methods Two commercial thickeners based on gums (NC and RC) were studied analyzing their viscosity in water with different concentrations (shear rate: 50 s− 1; temperature: 22–25 °C). A sensory analysis involving 26 elderly and 29 adult controls was carried out to evaluate whether differences within nectar and honey textures among gum-based thickeners could be distinguished. Results As the shear rate increases, viscosity decreases (non-Newtonian and pseudoplastic behavior). At the same concentration, each thickener produces a different viscosity (p < 0.05). Institutionalized elderly detected viscosity differences in nectar range of 49.9 (2.5) mPa·s (p < 0.05) and 102.2 (4.7) mPa·s (p < 0.0001). They also detected viscosity differences in honey texture range of 134.6 (9.7) mPa·s (p < 0.05) y 199.3 (9.2) mPa·s (p < 0.0001). Their caregivers also detected viscosity differences in both viscosity ranges (p < 0.0001) and with greater intensity than the elderly in honey texture (p: 0.016). Conclusions Our results suggest that the accepted viscosity ranges by NDD for the different textures might be too wide because institutionalized elderly and their caregivers are able to discern small differences in viscosity in nectar and honey textures. Gum-based thickeners with different composition showed differences in viscosity capacity, so they are not interchangeable.

scholarly journals Institutionalized Elderly are able to Detect Small Viscosity Variations in Thickened Water with Gum-based Thickeners. Should Texture Classifications be Reviewed?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Calmarza-Chueca ◽  
Ana-Cristina Sánchez-Gimeno ◽  
Javier Perez-Nogueras ◽  
Alberto Caverni-Muñoz ◽  
Alejandro Sanz-Arque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Scientific Societies ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Rheological Behaviors ◽  
Small Viscosity ◽  
Very High ◽  
Sensory Studies

Abstract Background: The prevalence of dysphagia is very high in institutionalized elderly. Knowledge of the rheological and sensory characteristics of the various thickeners is limited, although it has been seen that there are differences between the rheological behaviors of different gum-based thickeners with different composition. We have not found sensory studies of viscosity in institutionalized elderly. Our hypothesis was that viscosity ranges established by the scientific societies seem to be very wide and individuals might be able to detect small differences within the same texture range. The objectives of our study were comparing the rheological characteristics of two commercial gum-based thickeners with different composition, dissolved in water under standard conditions, and checking whether it could be possible to detect different viscosities within the same texture (nectar and honey) with the use of sensory analysis (both with adults and elderly). Methods: Two commercial thickeners based on gums (NC and RC) were studied analyzing their viscosity in water with different concentrations (shear rate: 50 s-1; temperature: 22-25°C). A sensory analysis involving 26 elderly and 29 adult controls was carried out to evaluate whether differences within nectar and honey textures among gum-based thickeners could be distinguished. Results: As the shear rate increases, viscosity decreases (non-Newtonian and pseudoplastic behavior). At the same concentration, each thickener produces a different viscosity (p<0.05). Institutionalized elderly detected viscosity differences in nectar range of 49.9 (2.5) mPa·s (p<0.05) y 102.2 (4.7) mPa·s (p<0.0001). They also detected viscosity differences in honey texture range of 134.6 (9.7) mPa·s (p<0.05) y 199,3 (9,2) mPa·s (p<0.0001). Their caregivers also detected viscosity differences in both viscosity ranges (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the accepted viscosity ranges for the different textures might be too wide because institutionalized elderly and their caregivers are able to discern small differences in viscosity in nectar and honey textures. Gum-based thickeners with different composition showed differences in viscosity capacity, so they are not interchangeable.

The end of the laboratory developed test as we know it? Recommendations from a national multidisciplinary taskforce of laboratory specialists on the interpretation of the IVDR and its complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. D. Bank ◽  
Leo H. J. Jacobs ◽  
Sjoerd A. A. van den Berg ◽  
Hanneke W. M. van Deutekom ◽  
Dörte Hamann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Large Impact ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Scientific Societies ◽  
Clinical Laboratories ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe in vitro diagnostic medical devices regulation (IVDR) will take effect in May 2022. This regulation has a large impact on both the manufacturers of in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVD) and clinical laboratories. For clinical laboratories, the IVDR poses restrictions on the use of laboratory developed tests (LDTs). To provide a uniform interpretation of the IVDR for colleagues in clinical practice, the IVDR Task Force was created by the scientific societies of laboratory specialties in the Netherlands. A guidance document with explanations and interpretations of relevant passages of the IVDR was drafted to help laboratories prepare for the impact of this new legislation. Feedback from interested parties and stakeholders was collected and used to further improve the document. Here we would like to present our approach to our European colleagues and inform them about the impact of the IVDR and, importantly we would like to present potentially useful approaches to fulfill the requirements of the IVDR for LDTs.

Flow Behaviors of High Acyl Gellan Aqueous Solutions as Affected by Temperature, and Calcium and Gellan Concentrations

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqun Huang ◽  
Pawan Singh Takhar ◽  
Juming Tang ◽  
Barry G Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Rheological Behaviors ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

Rheological behaviors of high acyl (HA) gellan are not well understood partially because of its relatively late commercialization compared to low acyl gellan. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature (5-30 °C), calcium (0, 1 and 10 mM) and gellan concentrations (0.0044-0.1000% w/v) on the flow behaviors of high acyl gellan aqueous solutions using rheological tests. Gellan solutions with 0 or 1 mM added Ca++ exhibited shear thinning behavior at gellan concentrations above 0.0125%. The influence of temperature on apparent viscosity (shear rate, 100 s-1) of gellan solutions can be described with an Arrhenius relationship. The apparent viscosity of gellan solution at low concentrations was more sensitive to temperature changes. The addition of Ca++ led to a decrease in flow resistance for a dilute gellan solution (<0.0125%), but an increased resistance for a relatively concentrated gellan solution (>0.0125%).

GpIbα-VWF blockade restores vessel patency by dissolving platelet aggregates formed under very high shear rate in mice

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 123 (21) ◽  
pp. 3354-3363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Le Behot ◽  
Maxime Gauberti ◽  
Sara Martinez De Lizarrondo ◽  
Axel Montagne ◽  
Eloïse Lemarchand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
High Shear ◽  
External Layer ◽  
Vessel Lumen ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Vessel Patency ◽  
Platelet Aggregates ◽  
Very High

Key Points Following endothelial damage, platelet cross-linking during closure of the vessel lumen is mediated by GpIbα-VWF interactions. Disruption of GpIbα-VWF interactions restores vessel patency by specifically disaggregating the external layer of occlusive thrombi.

Modeling of Shear Rheological Behavior of Uncured Rubber Melt

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Hengxiao Yang ◽  
Qimian Mo ◽  
Hengyu Lu ◽  
Shixun Zhang ◽  
Wei Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Incompressible Fluid ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Ptt Model ◽  
Rate Region ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Rheological Experiments

AbstractTo describe uncured rubber melt flow, a modified Phan–Thien–Tanner (PTT) model was proposed to characterize the rheological behavior and a viscoelastic one-dimensional flow theory was established in terms of incompressible fluid. The corresponding numerical method was constructed to determine the solution. Rotational rheological experiments were conducted to validate the proposed model. The influence of the parameters in the constitutive model was investigated by comparing the calculated and experimental viscosity to determine the most suitable parameters. The uncured rubber viscosity was 3–4 orders larger than that of plastic and did not have a visible Newtonian region. Compared with the Cross-Williams-Landel-Ferry (Cross-WLF) and original PTT models, the modified PTT model can describe the rheological characteristics in the entire shear-rate region if the parameters are set correctly.

Multidisciplinary consensus of experts in pain and geriatrics: Use of analgesics in the management of pain in the elderly (excluding anesthesia)

Ból ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Françoise Capriz ◽  
Sylvie Chapiro ◽  
Laurence David ◽  
Marie Floccia ◽  
Cyril Guillaumé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Treatment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
French Society ◽  
Scientific Societies ◽  
Pain In The Elderly

The aim of this study is to publish recommendations on the use of painkillers in the elderly, in sensitive, isolated or highly dependent patients. These recommendations have been prepared by a group of experts in the field of pain and geriatrics from several scientific societies: French Society for Research and Pain Treatment (SFETD), French Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology (SFGG), French Society for Palliative Support and Care (SFAP), French Society for Assistive Oncology (AFSOS).

Rheological Characteristics of Viscoelastic Surfactant Fluid Mixed With Silica Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqiong Wu ◽  
Zhongyang Luo ◽  
Hong Yin ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
High Shear ◽  
Fracturing Process ◽  
Viscoelastic Surfactant ◽  
Rheological Performance

Since the surfactant can form rod-like micelles or even cross-link structures, viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fluid has unique rheological characteristics. The demerits of VES fluids have been proven after being applied as the fracturing fluid for several years. However, the fluid has high fluid loss and a low viscosity at high temperature, which limits the application to hydraulic fracturing. This paper focuses on the VES fluid mixed with nanoparticles which should be an effective way to maintain the viscosity at high temperature and high shear rate. The experiments were based on preparation of uniform and stable nanocolloids, which utilize Microfluidizer high shear fluid processor. Dynamic light scattering and microscopic methods are employed to investigate the stability and micro-structure of the VES fluid. The effects of temperature, shear rate and volume fraction of the nanoparticles on rheology of VES were studied. The SiO2 nanoparticles could significantly improve the rheological performance of VES fluid, although the rheological performance at the temperature over 90 °C needs to be enhanced. The mechanisms of interactions between nanoparticles and micelles are also discussed later in the paper. At the end, the potential of VES fluid mixed with nanoparticles during application in fracturing process was discussed.

scholarly journals MONITORING OF THE ELDERLY CHOLESTEROL LEVELS OF SUMBERSONO VILLAGE, MOJOKERTO REGENCY, EAST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Endah Prayekti ◽  
Ary Andini
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Health Complaints ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
District Government ◽  
Very High

Parties who become partners in community service activities are the village community of Sumbersono, Mojokerto Regency. Based on the 2017 health profile in Mojokerto District, there are 117,309 elderly people. The Mojokerto district government has a health program for the elderly, namely the Elderly Health Service (Usila). Usila is a health service according to the standards in the elderly guidelines in a health facility in one work area and time period. Examination of the elderly programmed by the Mojokerto district government has been carried out at the Puskesmas that serves the elderly, but the elderly need more routine checks to monitor cholesterol levels. Another thing that is a problem is the relatively expensive cholesterol examination so that there are limitations in the self-examination by the community. Cholesterol examination methods for community service were using POCT and interviews related to health complaints from community service participants. There were 44 community service participants, not only from the elderly but from middle age. Of the 27 elderly, 10 elderly have normal cholesterol levels while 17 elderly have high and very high of cholesterol levels. Of the 17 middle age participants, 7 of them had normal cholesterol levels and 10 people had high and very high cholesterol levels. The interviews showed that almost all participants had health complaints that resembled complaints due to high cholesterol level. It is recommended to perform other health examination and not be limited to the elderly.

A Short Mental Status Questionnaire

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Robertson ◽  
Kenneth Rockwood ◽  
Paul Stolee
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
False Positives ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Severe Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Impairment

ABSTRACTA mental status questionnaire (MSQ) developed tor use in surveys of the non-institutionalized elderly has been validated against clinical assessment. The MSQ identities moderate and severe cognitive impairment in the elderly. However, using the suggested scoring subjects with mild impairment cannot be separated from normals.The test is short, acceptable and reproducible and rate for false-positives and false-negatives fall well within acceptable limits for use in estimating the prevalence of dementia in the non-institutionalized elderly population.

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