The relationship between lifestyle risk factors and depression in Korean older adults: a moderating effect of gender

Abstract Background Little is known regarding the role of gender as a possible modulator in determining the associations between lifestyle risk factors and depression in older adults. Objectives This study examined whether gender modulates the relationship between depression and lifestyle risk factors in Korean adults aged 65 years and older (n = 3700). Methods Data were obtained from the 2016 and 2018 Korea National Health and Examination Survey. The primary outcome was depression, assessed with the patient health questionnaire-9. As exposures, smoking habits, at-risk alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. In addition, mean adequacy ratio (MAR) as an indicator of overall nutritional inadequacy was assessed with dietary intakes of macro- and micronutrients. Results In men only, either two or three and more risk factors were significantly associated with higher depression risk (OR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 2.886 (1.003–8.299) and OR (95% CI) = 3.109 (1.064–9.097), respectively). In women only, either two or three and more risk factors were also significantly associated with higher depression risk (OR (95% CI) = 1.505 (1.067–2.124) and OR (95% CI) = 2.828 (1.527–5.239), respectively). In particular, the presence of smoking habits and MAR were the major determinants of depression (OR (95% CI) = 1.835 (1.09–3.10) and OR (95% CI) = 1.585 (1.125–2.233), respectively) in women only. Finally, a moderation analysis with the Hayes PROCESS Macro showed a significant moderating effect of gender (β (95% CI) = 0.633 (0.206 ~ 1.060)) on the relationship between risk factors and depression. In addition, the slope of the relationship was much steeper in women than in men. Conclusion Current findings suggest that lifestyle risk factors are more closely associated with depression risk in women than in men.

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The Relationship of Lifestyle Risk Factors and Depression in Korean Adults: A Moderating Effect of Overall Nutritional Adequacy

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082626 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2626

Author(s):

Minjeong Kang ◽

Mingyu Joo ◽

Haeryun Hong ◽

Hyunsik Kang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Moderating Effect ◽

Nutritional Adequacy ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Korean Adults ◽

Lifestyle Risk ◽

Mean Adequacy Ratio ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Background: Little is known regarding the role of nutrition in determining the associations between lifestyle risk factors and depression. Objectives: This study examined whether or not nutritional adequacy modulates the relationship between depression and lifestyle risk factors in Korean adults aged 18-65 years (n = 7446). Methods: Data were obtained from the 2016 and 2018 Korea National Health and Examination Survey. Depression, smoking, at-risk alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, sleep deprivation, and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were assessed. Results: Individuals with two (OR = 1.960, p < 0.001), three (OR = 4.237, p < 0.001), or four (OR = 5.312, p < 0.001) risk factors had a significantly higher risk of depression compared to individuals with one or zero risk factor. In contrast, individuals with moderate MAR (OR = 0.607, p < 0.001) and high (OR = 0.698, p < 0.001) MAR had a lower depression risk compared to individuals with low MAR. Moderation analysis showed a moderating effect of MAR (coefficient = −0.220, p = 0.007) on the relationship between risk factors and depression. Conclusions: The current findings suggest that overall nutritional adequacy plays a modulating role in determining the relationship between depression and lifestyle risk factors in Korean adults.

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Factors Associated With Multimorbidity Patterns in Older Adults in England: Findings From the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA)

Journal of Aging and Health ◽

10.1177/0898264319891026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (9) ◽

pp. 1120-1132 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hai Nguyen ◽

Kia-Chong Chua ◽

Alexandru Dregan ◽

Silia Vitoratou ◽

Ivet Bayes-Marin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Latent Class ◽

Future Research ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Class B ◽

Lifestyle Risk ◽

English Longitudinal Study

Objective: We aimed to identify the patterns of multimorbidity in older adults and explored their association with sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors. Method: The sample included 9,171 people aged 50+ from Wave 2 of the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA). Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was performed on 26 chronic diseases to determine clusters of common diseases within individuals and their association with sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors. Result: Three latent classes were identified: (a) a cardiorespiratory/arthritis/cataracts class, (b) a metabolic class, and (c) a relatively healthy class. People aged 70 to 79 were 9.91 times (95% Confidence Interval [CI] = [5.13, 19.13]) more likely to be assigned to the cardiorespiratory/arthritis/cataracts class, while regular drinkers and physically inactive people were 0.33 times (95% CI = [0.24, 0.47]) less likely to be assigned to this class. Conclusion: Future research should investigate these patterns further to gain more insights into the needs of people with multimorbidity.

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The Relationship between Depression and Lifestyle Risk Factors in Office Workers

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000485681.11819.1e ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 227

Author(s):

YoungYun Jin ◽

Sunghun Yang ◽

Haeryon Hong ◽

Changduk Ha ◽

Jiyoung Kong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Office Workers ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk ◽

The Relationship

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The Prevalence and Clustering of Four Major Lifestyle Risk Factors in Hong Kong Chinese Older Adults

Journal of Aging and Health ◽

10.1177/0898264308321082 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 788-803 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Kee-Lee Chou

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Hong Kong Chinese ◽

Chinese Older Adults ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk

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Lifestyle Risk Factors and New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults

Archives of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1001/archinternmed.2009.21 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 169 (8) ◽

pp. 798 ◽

Cited By ~ 196

Author(s):

Dariush Mozaffarian ◽

Aruna Kamineni ◽

Mercedes Carnethon ◽

Luc Djoussé ◽

Kenneth J. Mukamal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Onset Diabetes ◽

Lifestyle Risk ◽

New Onset Diabetes Mellitus ◽

New Onset

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Lifestyle Risk Factors and the Population Attributable Fractions for Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Students of Zhejiang Province

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.734013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Fang Gu ◽

Siliang Zhou ◽

Ke Lou ◽

Rui Deng ◽

Xingxiu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chinese Students ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Zhejiang Province ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Population Attributable Fractions ◽

Attributable Fractions ◽

Lifestyle Risk ◽

The Relationship

Objectives: To assess the relationship between modifiable lifestyle factors and risk of overweight/obesity in Chinese students, and to evaluate the predicting prevalence of overweight if the lifestyle risk factors were removed.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 40,141 students in grade three and above (8–24yrs) in 2019 in Zhejiang Province, China. Physical examination was performed, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect lifestyle information, including dietary behavior, physical activity, TV watching, sleeping, smoking, drinking, and tooth-brushing habits. Logistic regression models were performed to assess the relationship between overweight/obesity and a series of lifestyle factors. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were used to calculate the predicting prevalence of overweight/obesity if lifestyle risk factors were removed.Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity of participants was 25.5% (male 32.3%, female 18.1%). Overweight/obesity were associated with adverse lifestyle factors, such as watch TV ≥1 h/day (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.11–1.22), insufficient sleep (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.11–1.22), and irregular toothbrushing habits (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01–1.39). Based on the calculated PAFs, the predicted prevalence of overweight/obesity would decline moderately if lifestyle factors were modified, with the magnitudes of decrease vary by sex, age and residence. Generally, a larger reduction was estimated if the sleeping time was increased and TV time was reduced, with the prevalence of overweight/obesity decreased by 1.1% (95% CI: 0.7, 1.5%) and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.6, 1.2%), respectively.Conclusions: Predicted prevalence of overweight/ obesity in Chinese students may decrease if modifiable lifestyle risk factors were removed. The attributable risk for obesity of lifestyle behaviors varied in age, sex and residence groups. The findings of this study may provide insights for planning and optimizing future obesity intervention endeavors.

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Diet and Cancer

Psycho-Oncology ◽

10.1093/med/9780190097653.003.0003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 13-20

Author(s):

Marian L. Fitzgibbon ◽

Lisa Tussing-Humphreys ◽

Angela Kong ◽

Alexis Bains

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cancer Research ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

Cancer Society ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Dietary Components ◽

Lifestyle Risk ◽

Obesity And Cancer ◽

The Relationship

Diet contributes to the development of 30% to 35% of cancers. Shifts in the food landscape have contributed to changes in dietary intake, energy balance, and the development of obesity. Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30 kg/m², is associated with several cancers. The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR), the American Cancer Society (ACS), and several large U.S.-based randomized trials are studying the relationship between diet, dietary patterns, lifestyle risk factors, obesity, and cancer. Prior research reported an association between individual nutrients and cancer risk. This research, however, did not fully investigate the complexity of diet and interactions between specific dietary components. Overall, according to data reported by the WCRF and the AICR, primary prevention of many cancers is possible through modifiable lifestyle changes. Identifying and intervening on barriers to lifestyle modifications remains a challenge, but it is increasingly apparent that there is a relationship between diet, lifestyle risk factors, and cancer development and that many cancers can be prevented.

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