scholarly journals Dual respiratory virus detection in adult patients with acute respiratory illness

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Mi Lee ◽  
Tark Kim ◽  
Ki-Ho Park ◽  
Seong-Ho Choi ◽  
Yee Gyung Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Random Occurrence ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background Nonrandom multiple respiratory virus (RV) detection provides evidence for viral interference among respiratory viruses. However, little is known as to whether it occurs randomly. Methods The prevalence of dual RV detection (DRVD) in patients with acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) at 4 academic medical centers was investigated; data about the prevalence of 8 RVs were collected from the Korean national RV surveillance dataset. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the correlation between observed and estimated prevalence of each type of DRVD. Results In total, 108 patients with ARIs showing DRVD were included in this study between 2011 and 2017. In several types of regression analysis, a strong correlation was observed between the observed and estimated prevalence of each type of DRVD. Excluding three DRVD types (influenza/picornavirus, influenza/human metapneumovirus, and adenovirus/respiratory syncytial virus), the slope of the regression line was higher than that of the line of random occurrence (1.231 > 1.000) and the 95% confidence interval of the regression line was located above the line of random occurrence. Conclusions Contrary to the results of previous epidemiologic studies, most types of DRVD occur more frequently than expected from the prevalence rates of individual RV, except for three underrepresented pairs above.

Correlation between Children Respiratory Virus Infections and Climate Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souhir Saadi ◽  
Ouafa Kallala ◽  
Imene Fodha ◽  
Amira Jerbi ◽  
Meriem BenHamida-Rebai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Objective Respiratory viruses are the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children. Meteorological factors can influence viral outbreaks. The objective of this study was to determine the association between climate variables and respiratory virus detection. Methods Multicenter prospective 1-year surveillance was conducted among children hospitalized for LRTI in Tunisia. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested by direct immunofluorescence assay (DIFA) for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); adenovirus (AdV); influenza virus (IFV) A and B; and parainfluenza virus 1, 2, and 3 (PIV1/2/3). Samples were further analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection of human metapneumovirus (hMPV). Monthly meteorological data were determined by consulting the National Institute of Meteorology and the World Weather Online Meteorological Company websites. Pearson's correlation tests were used to determine the statistical association between the detection of respiratory viruses and climatic characteristics. Results Among 572 patients, 243 (42.5%) were positive for at least one virus. The most frequently detected viruses by DIFA were RSV (30.0%), followed by IFVA (3.8%), IFVB (3.5%), PIV (0.9%), and AdV (0.9%). HMPV was detected in 13 RSV-negative samples (3.3%). Dual infections were detected in seven cases (1.2%). Monthly global respiratory viruses and RSV detections correlated significantly with temperature, rainfall, cloud cover, wind speed, wind temperature, and duration of sunshine. Monthly IFV detection significantly correlated with rainfall, wind speed, wind temperature, and duration of sunshine. HMPV detection significantly correlated with temperature and wind temperature. Conclusion Respiratory viral outbreaks are clearly related to meteorological factors in Tunisia.

scholarly journals Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): a scourge from infancy to old age

Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 986-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Andrew Coultas ◽  
Rosalind Smyth ◽  
Peter J Openshaw
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common single cause of respiratory hospitalisation of infants and is the second largest cause of lower respiratory infection mortality worldwide. In adults, RSV is an under-recognised cause of deterioration in health, particularly in frail elderly persons. Infection rates typically rise in late autumn and early winter causing bronchiolitis in infants, common colds in adults and insidious respiratory illness in the elderly. Virus detection methods optimised for use in children have low detection rate in adults, highlighting the need for better diagnostic tests. There are many vaccines under development, mostly based on the surface glycoprotein F which exists in two conformations (prefusion and postfusion). Much of the neutralising antibody appears to be to the prefusion form. Vaccines being developed include live attenuated, subunit, particle based and live vectored agents. Different vaccine strategies may be appropriate for different target populations: at-risk infants, school-age children, adult caregivers and the elderly. Antiviral drugs are in clinical trial and may find a place in disease management. RSV disease is one of the major remaining common tractable challenges in infectious diseases and the era of vaccines and antivirals for RSV is on the near horizon.

The feasibility and performance of participant-collected mid-turbinate nasal swabs for detection of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and human metapneumovirus infections among pregnant women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyarat Suntarattiwong ◽  
Joshua A Mott ◽  
Sarita Mohanty ◽  
Chalinthorn Sinthuwattanawibool ◽  
Nattinee Srisantiroj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Background We assessed performance of participant-collected mid-turbinate nasal swabs compared to study staff-collected mid-turbinate nasal swabs for the detection of respiratory viruses among pregnant women in Bangkok, Thailand. Methods We enrolled pregnant women aged ≥18 years and followed them throughout the 2018 influenza season. Women with acute respiratory illness (ARI) self-collected mid-turbinate nasal swabs at homes for influenza viruses, RSV, and hMPV real-time RT-PCR testing while the study nurse collected a second mid-turbinate nasal swab during home visits. Paired specimens were processed and tested on the same day. Results The majority (109, 60%) of 182 participants were 20-30 years old. All 200 paired swabs had optimal specimen quality. The median time from symptom onsets to participant-collected swabs was two days and to staff-collected swabs was also two days. The median time difference between the two swabs was two hours. Compared to staff-collected swabs, the participant-collected swabs were 93% sensitive and 99% specific for influenza virus detection, 94% sensitive and 99% specific for RSV detection, and 100% sensitive and 100% specific for hMPV detection. Conclusions Participant-collected mid-turbinate nasal swabs were a valid alternative approach for laboratory confirmation of influenza-, RSV-, and hMPV-associated illnesses among pregnant women in a community setting.

scholarly journals Multicenter comparison of the Cobas 6800 system with the RealStar RT-PCR kit for the detection of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Wirden ◽  
Linda Feghoul ◽  
Mélanie Bertine ◽  
Marie-Laure Nere ◽  
Quentin Le Hingrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Deming Regression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pcr Assays

ABSTRACTBackgroundRT-PCR testing is crucial in the diagnostic of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The use of reliable and comparable PCR assays is a cornerstone to allow use of different PCR assays depending on the local equipment. In this work, we provide a comparison of the Cobas® (Roche) and the RealStar® assay (Altona).MethodsAssessment of the two assays was performed prospectively in three reference Parisians hospitals, using 170 clinical samples. They were tested with the Cobas® assay, selected to obtain a distribution of cycle threshold (Ct) as large as possible, and tested with the RealStar assay with three largely available extraction platforms: QIAsymphony (Qiagen), MagNAPure (Roche) and NucliSENS-easyMag (BioMérieux).ResultsOverall, the agreement (positive for at least one gene) was 76%. This rate differed considerably depending on the Cobas Ct values for gene E: below 35 (n = 91), the concordance was 99%. Regarding the positive Ct values, linear regression analysis showed a determination correlation (R2) of 0.88 and the Deming regression line revealed a strong correlation with a slope of 1.023 and an intercept of -3.9. Bland-Altman analysis showed that the mean difference (Cobas® minus RealStar®) was + 3.3 Ct, with a SD of + 2.3 Ct.ConclusionsIn this comparison, both RealStar® and Cobas® assays provided comparable qualitative results and a high correlation when both tests were positive. Discrepancies exist after 35 Ct and varied depending on the extraction system used for the RealStar® assay, probably due to a low viral load close to the detection limit of both assays.

scholarly journals WORK READINESS REVIEWED FROM LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF COMPUTER ACCOUNTING SUBJECT, CAREER GUIDANCE, AND WORK MOTIVATION OF CLASS XII STUDENTS ACCOUNTING SKILL PROGRAM OF SMK NEGERI 1 SUBOH SITUBONDO

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwin Kusbiyantari ◽  
Hari Sukarno ◽  
Yuniorita Indah Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Work Readiness ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Learning Achievement

The purposes of this study are: 1) To analyze the influence of learning achievement of computer accounting subject, career guidance and work motivation partially to the work readiness. 2) To study the influence of learning achievement computer accounting subject, career guidance and work motivation simultaneously to the work readiness. The samples in this study were the students of class XII Accounting skill program of SMK Negeri 1 Suboh Situbondo which amounted to 55 people. This research includes the type of explanatory research. Independent variables of this study are learning achievement of computer accounting subject (PB), career guidance (BK) and work motivation (MK) while dependent variable is work readiness (KK). Data analysis used is test of validity and reliability, multiple linear regression analysis, classical assumption test and hypothesis test. Regression analysis results obtained equation of regression line. This can be seen from the linear regression equation as follows KK = 20,774 + 0,505 PB + 0,344 BK + 0,283 MK. The equation indicates that readiness of work influenced by learning achievement of computer accounting subject, career guidance and work motivation. The conclusions are: 1) learning achievement of computer accounting subject, career guidance and work motivation partially significant effect on the work readiness of class XII students accounting skill program in SMK Negeri 1 Suboh Situbondo. 2). Learning achievement of computer accounting subject, career guidance and work motivation simultaneously have a significant effect on the work readiness of class XII students accounting skill program at SMK Negeri 1 Suboh Situbondo.

RESPIRATORY DISEASE IN GROUP DAY CARE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Loda ◽  
W Paul Glezen ◽  
Wallace A. Clyde
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Day Care Center ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Type 3

The frequency of occurrence and etiology of respiratory disease during a 40-month period in a day care center is reported. The day care center had a maximum enrollment of 39 children ranging in age from 1 month to 5 years. Sick children were not excluded from the center. During the period of the study there was not an excessive amount of respiratory illness in the children in day care when compared with the reported illness occurrence in children receiving home care. In the total group there were 8.4 respiratory illnesses per child-year with the highest rate in infants under 1 year of age. The agents responsible for the respiratory disease in the day care center were similar to those reported as significant in the community, and the patterns of virus isolation were similar to those in the community in age incidence, seasonal occurrence, and illness association. Respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3 were the agents most often implicated in lower respiratory disease. Adenovirus types 2 and 5 frequently caused febrile upper respiratory illness in infants. The study suggests group day care is safe medically for infants and that exclusion of sick children is unnecessary in a day care program with adequate space and staffing.

scholarly journals Etiology and Clinical Characteristics of Single and Multiple Respiratory Virus Infections Diagnosed in Croatian Children in Two Respiratory Seasons

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunčanica Ljubin-Sternak ◽  
Tatjana Marijan ◽  
Irena Ivković-Jureković ◽  
Jasna Čepin-Bogović ◽  
Alenka Gagro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Multiple Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

The aim of this study was to determine the causative agent of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in hospitalized children, as well as investigate the characteristics of ARIs with single and multiple virus detection in two respiratory seasons. In 2010 and 2015, nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal swabs from a total of 134 children, admitted to the hospital due to ARI, were tested using multiplex PCR. Viral etiology was established in 81.3% of the patients. Coinfection with two viruses was diagnosed in 27.6% of the patients, and concurrent detection of three or more viruses was diagnosed in 12.8% of the patients. The most commonly diagnosed virus in both seasons combined was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (28.6%), followed by parainfluenza viruses (PIVs) types 1–3 (18.4%), rhinovirus (HRV) (14.3%), human metapneumovirus (10.1%), adenovirus (AdV) (7.1%), influenza viruses types A and B (4.8%), and coronaviruses (4.2%). In 2015, additional pathogens were investigated with the following detection rate: enterovirus (13.2%), bocavirus (HBoV) (10.5%), PIV-4 (2.6%), and parechovirus (1.3%). There were no statistical differences between single and multiple virus infection regarding patients age, localization of infection, and severity of disease(P>0.05). AdV, HRV, HBoV, and PIVs were significantly more often detected in multiple virus infections compared to the other respiratory viruses(P<0.001).

scholarly journals Estimating the burden of adult hospital admissions due to RSV and other respiratory pathogens in England

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Sharp ◽  
Mehdi Minaji ◽  
Nikolaos Panagiotopoulos ◽  
Rachel Reeves ◽  
Andre Charlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Adult Hospital

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common seasonal respiratory virus and an important cause of illness among infants, but the burden of RSV disease is not well described among the older population. The objective of this study was to estimate the age-specific incidence of hospital admission among over 65s due to respiratory illnesses attributable to RSV in England to inform optimal vaccine and therapeutic interventions. We used linear multiple regression to examine the effect of changes in weekly counts of respiratory pathogens on the weekly counts of respiratory hospital admissions. The study population was all patients aged 65 years or over admitted to English hospitals between 2nd August 2010 and 30th July 2017. RSV was estimated to account for a seasonal annual average of 71 (95% CI 52-90) respiratory admissions per 100,000 in adults age 65-74 and 251 (95% CI 186-316) admissions per 100,000 adults age 75+. Pneumococcus was the pathogen responsible for highest annual average respiratory admission with 448 (95% CI 310-587) admissions per 100,000 adults age 65-74 and 1010 (95%CI 527-1493) admissions per 100,000 adults aged 75+. This study shows that RSV continues to exert a significant burden of disease among older adults in England. These findings will support development of policy for the use of RSV therapeutics and vaccines in this age group.

scholarly journals Post-pandemic influenza A/H1N1pdm09 is associated with more severe outcomes than A/H3N2 and other respiratory viruses in adult hospitalisations

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Minney-Smith ◽  
L. A. Selvey ◽  
A. Levy ◽  
D. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract This study compares the frequency and severity of influenza A/H1N1pdm09 (A/H1), influenza A/H3N2 (A/H3) and other respiratory virus infections in hospitalised patients. Data from 17 332 adult hospitalised patients admitted to Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, with a respiratory illness between 2012 and 2015 were linked with data containing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results for respiratory viruses including A/H1, A/H3, influenza B, human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza. Of these, 1753 (10.1%) had test results. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to compare the viruses for clinical outcomes including ICU admission, ventilation, pneumonia, length of stay and death. Patients with A/H1 were more likely to experience severe outcomes such as ICU admission (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2–5.5, P = 0.016), pneumonia (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.6–5.7, P < 0.001) and lower risk of discharge from hospital (indicating longer lengths of hospitalisation; HR 0.64 95% CI 0.47–0.88, P = 0.005), than patients with A/H3. Patients with a non-influenza respiratory virus were less likely to experience severe clinical outcomes than patients with A/H1, however, had similar likelihood when compared to patients with A/H3. Patients hospitalised with A/H1 had higher odds of severe outcomes than patients with A/H3 or other respiratory viruses. Knowledge of circulating influenza strains is important for healthcare preparedness.

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