Correction to: A cross-sectional study on the correlation between cytokines in a pelvic environment and tubal factor infertility

Abstract Background This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-ɑ), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in patients with primary and secondary tubal factor infertility (TFI) compared with fertile subjects, and to compare immune indexes in the serum and peritoneal fluid samples obtained from patients with TFI. Methods The pelvic fluid and peripheral blood of patients with TFI diagnosed by hysteroscopy and laparoscopy were taken as the study objects. The pelvic fluid and peripheral blood of patients who underwent hysteromyomectomy at the same time were taken as the control group. The contents of TNF-ɑ, IL-8, IL-6, and TGF-β1 in serum and peritoneal fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the levels of these cytokines in serum and pelvic fluid were compared between the two groups. Results Patients with secondary TFI showed significantly higher levels of TNF-ɑ, IL-8, IL-6 and TGF-β1 in the serum (26.15 ± 3.51 vs. 19.61 ± 0.157, 32.18 ± 15.13 vs. 5.73 ± 1.99, 38.84 ± 3.46 vs. 30.48 ± 0.61, and 38.37 ± 3.14 vs. 32.25 ± 1.69, respectively) and peritoneal fluid samples (129.73 ± 183.4 vs. 34.63 ± 0.56, 111.44 ± 207.42 vs. 15.34 ± 0.41, 80.01 ± 109.91 vs. 15.67 ± 0.52, and 82.54 ± 115.99 vs. 45.34 ± 0.41, respectively) compared with the control group. Patients with primary TFI exhibited significantly elevated concentration of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6 and TGF-β1 in the peritoneal fluid samples (36.88 ± 2.67 vs. 34.63 ± 0.56, 19.47 ± 3.51 vs. 15.34 ± 0.41, 80.01 ± 109.91 vs. 15.67 ± 0.52, and 82.54 ± 115.99 vs. 45.34 ± 0.41, respectively) when compared to the controls. In patients with secondary infertility, the levels of TNF-α (26.15 ± 3.51 vs. 129.73 ± 183.4), IL-8 (32.18 ± 15.13 vs. 111.44 ± 207.42), IL-6 (38.84 ± 3.46 vs. 80.01 ± 109.91) and TGF-β1 (38.37 ± 3.14 vs. 82.54 ± 115.99) in the serum were significantly lower than those in the peritoneal fluid, whereas no significant difference was observed in the primary TFI group between the serum and peritoneal fluid cytokines levels. Conclusion The expression of cytokines in the pelvic environment of patients with TFI is upregulated compared to patients who do not have infertility issues. The detection of cytokines TNF-ɑ, IL-6, IL-8, and TGF-β1 in the pelvic fluid of tubal infertility patients can allow for further understanding of the etiology of TFI.

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Outcome of Laparoscopy in Infertile Couples attending a Teaching Hospital in Eastern Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.5542 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (231) ◽

Author(s):

Shanti Sunuwar Subedi ◽

Rakina Bhansakarya ◽

Prajmi Shrestha ◽

Sajjan Kumar Sharma

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Social Psychological ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Global Health Issue ◽

Tubal Factor ◽

Tubal Disease ◽

Pouch Of Douglas ◽

Infertile Patients

Introduction: Infertility is a global health issue and a socially destabilizing condition for couples with several stigmas including medical, social, psychological burdens and a marital disharmony. The aim was to study the outcome of laparoscopy in infertile females attending Nobel Medical College as laparoscopy is considered as a gold standard in investigation and treatment of infertility. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology over a period of May 2018-April 2020, where the outcomes of laparoscopy in infertile females were studied. All the patients with abnormal HSG, unexplained infertility and adnexal mass in the background of infertility were enrolled. Results: Of the 100 infertile patients who underwent laparoscopy, 62 (62%) had evidence of tubal disease as documented by unilateral or bilateral block, 63 (63%) had peritubal adhesions and hydrosalpinx in 15 (15%). Associated pelvic pathology like endometriosis in 50 (50%) in the form of cyst, adhesions and complete and partial obliteration of Pouch of Douglas. Conclusion: Laparoscopy is definitely an effective diagnostic tool of tubal and pelvic pathology. Laparoscopy is recommended for all infertile females with suspected tubal factor and moreover it provides opportunity to correct the condition in possible cases.

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Patients' understanding of words used to describe lumps: a cross-sectional study

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215105006481 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Neil K Chadha ◽

Costa Repanos

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders ◽

10.1044/ffd20.1.10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 10-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Evelyn R. Klein ◽

Barbara J. Amster

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Graduate Programs ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Graduate Course ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fluency Disorders ◽

Introductory Course ◽

Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

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Confidence toward vaccination as reported by parents of children admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study

Vacunas ◽

10.1016/j.vacun.2020.04.004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 95-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y.M. AlGoraini ◽

N.N. AlDujayn ◽

M.A. AlRasheed ◽

Y.E. Bashawri ◽

S.S. Alsubaie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Abstract #862211: Muscle Mass and Muscle Function Determinants in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)39867-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 158-159

Author(s):

Bagher Larijani

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Conflict Avoidance in Old Age

GeroPsych ◽

10.1024/1662-9647/a000168 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 61-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lia Oberhauser ◽

Andreas B. Neubauer ◽

Eva-Marie Kessler

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Conflict Avoidance ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult Lifespan ◽

Set Up

Abstract. Conflict avoidance increases across the adult lifespan. This cross-sectional study looks at conflict avoidance as part of a mechanism to regulate belongingness needs ( Sheldon, 2011 ). We assumed that older adults perceive more threats to their belongingness when they contemplate their future, and that they preventively react with avoidance coping. We set up a model predicting conflict avoidance that included perceptions of future nonbelonging, termed anticipated loneliness, and other predictors including sociodemographics, indicators of subjective well-being and perceived social support (N = 331, aged 40–87). Anticipated loneliness predicted conflict avoidance above all other predictors and partially mediated the age-association of conflict avoidance. Results suggest that belongingness regulation accounts may deepen our understanding of conflict avoidance in the second half of life.

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Internalizing Behavior During the Transition from Childhood to Adolescence

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000025 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 187-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marc Vierhaus ◽

Arnold Lohaus ◽

Indra Shah

Keyword(s):

Research Design ◽

Internalizing Symptoms ◽

Fourth Graders ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Second Graders ◽

Internalizing Behavior ◽

Longitudinal Assessment ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The One

This investigation focuses on the question whether assessments of the development of internalizing behavior from childhood to adolescence are affected by the kind of research design (longitudinal versus cross-sectional). Two longitudinal samples of 432 second-graders and 366 fourth graders participated in a longitudinal study with subsequent measurements taken 1, 2, and 3 years later. A third sample consisting of 849 children covering the same range of grades participated in a cross-sectional study. The results show that the development of internalizing symptoms in girls – but not in boys – varies systematically with the research design. In girls, there is a decrease of internalizing symptoms (especially between the first two timepoints) in the longitudinal assessment, which may reflect, for example, the influence of strain during the first testing situation. Both longitudinal trajectories converge to a common trajectory from grade 2 to grade 7 when controlling for this “novelty-distress effect.” Moreover, when we control this effect, the slight but significant decrease characterizing the common trajectory becomes similar to the one obtained in the cross-sectional study. Therefore, trajectories based on longitudinal assessments may suggest more changes with regard to internalizing symptoms over time than actually take place, while trajectories based on cross-sectional data may be characterized by an increased level of internalizing symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

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