Depression and anxiety among people living with and beyond cancer: a growing clinical and research priority

Abstract Background A cancer diagnosis can have a substantial impact on mental health and wellbeing. Depression and anxiety may hinder cancer treatment and recovery, as well as quality of life and survival. We argue that more research is needed to prevent and treat co-morbid depression and anxiety among people with cancer and that it requires greater clinical priority. For background and to support our argument, we synthesise existing systematic reviews relating to cancer and common mental disorders, focusing on depression and anxiety. We searched several electronic databases for relevant reviews on cancer, depression and anxiety from 2012 to 2019. Several areas are covered: factors that may contribute to the development of common mental disorders among people with cancer; the prevalence of depression and anxiety; and potential care and treatment options. We also make several recommendations for future research. Numerous individual, psychological, social and contextual factors potentially contribute to the development of depression and anxiety among people with cancer, as well as characteristics related to the cancer and treatment received. Compared to the general population, the prevalence of depression and anxiety is often found to be higher among people with cancer, but estimates vary due to several factors, such as the treatment setting, type of cancer and time since diagnosis. Overall, there are a lack of high-quality studies into the mental health of people with cancer following treatment and among long-term survivors, particularly for the less prevalent cancer types and younger people. Studies that focus on prevention are minimal and research covering low- and middle-income populations is limited. Conclusion Research is urgently needed into the possible impacts of long-term and late effects of cancer treatment on mental health and how these may be prevented, as increasing numbers of people live with and beyond cancer.

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Preconception prediction of expectant fathers' mental health: 20-year cohort study from adolescence

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2017.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 58-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Elizabeth Spry ◽

Rebecca Giallo ◽

Margarita Moreno-Betancur ◽

Jacqui Macdonald ◽

Denise Becker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Health Problems ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

Future Research ◽

Expectant Fathers

We examined prospective associations between men's common mental disorders in the decades prior to offspring conception and subsequent paternal antenatal mental health problems. Data came from a prospective intergenerational cohort study which assessed common mental disorder nine times from age 14 to 29 years, and in the third trimester of subsequent pregnancies to age 35 years (N = 295 pregnancies to 214 men). Men with histories of adolescent and young adult common mental disorders were over four times more likely to experience antenatal mental health problems. Future research identifying modifiable perinatal factors that counteract preconception risk would provide further targets for intervention.Declaration of interestNone.

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The Use of Antidepressants, Anxiolytics, Sedatives and Hypnotics in Europe: Focusing on Mental Health Care in Portugal and Prescribing in Older Patients

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17228612 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (22) ◽

pp. 8612

Author(s):

Marta Estrela ◽

Maria Teresa Herdeiro ◽

Pedro Lopes Ferreira ◽

Fátima Roque

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Health Care ◽

Older Patients ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Health Policies ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Treatment Gap ◽

Mental Health Policies

(1) Background: Mental disorders are a growing concern in the 21st century. The most prevalent common mental disorders include depression and anxiety. It is predicted that half of the population will at some point in their lives experience one or more mental disorders. Although common mental disorders are highly prevalent, some of the most significant related problems are the wide treatment gap and the excessive use of antidepressants, anxiolytics and sedatives/hypnotics, especially among older patients. (2) Methods: This study aimed to analyze mental health care in Portugal, with a focus on the consumption of antidepressants, anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics among older patients. (3) Results: The use of antidepressants, anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics has increased overall across Europe. In Portugal, a downward trend of sedatives and hypnotics consumption can be observed. Anxiolytics and antidepressants, on the other hand, have been increasing. Patients aged ≥60 years old consume more than half of the aforementioned drugs. (4) Conclusions: Mental health policies should be designed to improve the conscientious use of antidepressants, anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics, particularly among older adults.

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CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH: DOES GENDER MATTER?

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.3401 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S935-S935

Author(s):

Patricia M Morton ◽

Blakelee Kemp ◽

Frass Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Child Abuse ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

The United States ◽

Future Research ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Adult Mental Health ◽

Maternal Abuse ◽

Parental Abuse

Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated that child abuse is associated with poor adult mental health, but few have investigated the extent to which the frequency of different types of abuse increase mental health conditions, especially at the nexus of gender. The present study examines whether parental abuse frequency and abuse perpetrator have distinct effects for men and women on three mental health outcomes—depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, and global self-reported mental health. Data came from three waves of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), comprising a baseline sample of 3,032 adults aged 25-74. Estimating a series of mixed effects models revealed that maternal abuse and frequent abuse during childhood were associated with poorer adult mental health during our 20-year observation period, net of childhood and adult risk factors. Specifically, maternal emotional abuse raised the risk of depression, anxiety, and lower self-rated mental health, and was more strongly associated with depression and anxiety for women than men. Compared to adults who did not experience parental abuse during childhood, adults who experienced frequent emotional and physical abuse by either parent were more likely to experience depression and anxiety and report lower ratings of mental health in adulthood. Frequent child abuse was more strongly associated with anxiety for women than men. These results demonstrate that gender differences in adult mental health have early-life antecedents. Future research investigating the long-term mental health consequences of child abuse should consider the type and magnitude of abuse as well as the perpetrator.

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The association of household food insecurity and HIV infection with common mental disorders among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients in Botswana

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020004139 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Qiao Wang ◽

Mbatshi Dima ◽

Ari Ho-Foster ◽

Keneilwe Molebatsi ◽

Chawangwa Modongo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Household Food ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Abstract Objective: To determine the association between food insecurity and HIV infection with depression and anxiety among new tuberculosis (TB) patients. Design: Our cross-sectional study assessed depression, anxiety and food insecurity with Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale (ZUNG) and Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, respectively. Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to examine correlates of depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) and anxiety (ZUNG ≥ 36). Setting: Gaborone, Botswana. Participants: Patients who were newly diagnosed with TB. Results: Between January and December 2019, we enrolled 180 TB patients from primary health clinics in Botswana. Overall, 99 (55·0 %) were HIV positive, 47 (26·1 %), 85 (47·2 %) and 69 (38·5 %) indicated depression, anxiety and moderate to severe food insecurity, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, food insecurity was associated with a higher prevalence of depression (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 2·30; 95 % CI 1·40, 3·78) and anxiety (aPR = 1·41; 95 % CI 1·05, 1·91). Prevalence of depression and anxiety was similar between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected participants. Estimates remained comparable when restricted to HIV-infected participants. Conclusions: Mental disorders may be affected by food insecurity among new TB patients, regardless of HIV status.

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CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH: DOES GENDER MATTER?

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.3399 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S934-S934

Author(s):

Patricia M Morton ◽

Blakelee Kemp ◽

Frass Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Child Abuse ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

The United States ◽

Future Research ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Adult Mental Health ◽

Maternal Abuse ◽

Parental Abuse

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Mental health literacy among adolescents: Evidence from a community-based study in Delhi

International Journal of Social Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/00207640211006155 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002076402110061

Author(s):

Aftab Ahmad ◽

Harshal Ramesh Salve ◽

Baridalyne Nongkynrih ◽

Rajesh Sagar ◽

Anand Krishnan

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Mental Health Literacy ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

P Value ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Help Seeking Behavior ◽

Seeking Behavior

Background: Mental Health Literacy (MHL) is the ability to recognize mental disorders, along with knowledge of professional help available, effective self-help strategies, skills to give support to others, and knowledge of how to prevent mental disorders. Adequate MHL is linked to better health-seeking behavior and management of mental illness. Aim: To assess the MHL related to depression and anxiety among adolescents of age 15 to 19 years residing in Delhi Methods: A survey was conducted among adolescents in southeast Delhi. MHL was assessed using sex-matched vignettes of Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) like depression and anxiety. MHL was assessed under domains of identifications of disorders, help-seeking behavior, knowledge about prevention, and stigmatizing attitude toward the respective illness. Statistical analysis was done in STATA and percentage of participants with adequate MHL in various domains was calculated, and difference between various groups was examined using chi-square test. Results: A total of 491 adolescents participated (response rate of 87.2%) of whom a 50.3% were girls and 57.8% were 15 to 17 years of age. Only 50 (10.2%) participants identified depression vignette as that of depression and 51 (10.4%) identified vignette of anxiety disorder as the same. No statistically significant gender differential in MHL was seen ( p value = .8). The stigmatizing attitude, assessed by asking a series of questions suggesting stigma toward the particular illness, was observed among almost all participants (depression -99.4%, and anxiety disorders -96.1%). 18.3% and 18.7% of participants reported correct knowledge about the prevention of depression and anxiety respectively. Four hundred and twenty-two (86%) identified the need to seek help for symptoms reported in vignettes. Of these, 234 (55%) preferred parents, and 62 (14.7%) look after friends for any help. Conclusion: Adolescents residing in Delhi reported poor MHL for Common Mental Disorders. High stigma and poor help-seeking behavior was also observed among the participants toward CMDs

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The association of household food insecurity and HIV infection with common mental disorders among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients in Botswana

10.1101/2020.08.15.20175315 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Qiao Wang ◽

Mbatshi Dima ◽

Ari Ho-Foster ◽

Keneilwe Molebatsi ◽

Chawangwa Modongo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Household Food ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Objective: To determine the association between food insecurity and HIV-infection with depression and anxiety among new tuberculosis patients. Design: Our cross-sectional study assessed depression, anxiety, and food insecurity with Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9), Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale (ZUNG), and Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, respectively. Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to examine correlates of depression (PHQ9 ≥ 10) and anxiety (ZUNG ≥ 36). Setting: Gaborone, Botswana. Participants: Patients who were newly diagnosed with tuberculosis. Results: Between January and December 2019, we enrolled 180 TB patients from primary health clinics in Botswana. Overall, 99 (55.0%) were HIV-positive, 47 (26.1%), 85 (47.2%), and 69 (38.5%) indicated depression, anxiety, and moderate to severe food insecurity, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, food insecurity was associated with a higher prevalence of depression (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.40, 3.78) and anxiety (aPR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.91). Prevalence of depression and anxiety were similar between HIV-infected and -uninfected participants. Estimates remained comparable when restricted to HIV-infected participants. Conclusions: Mental disorders may be affected by food insecurity among new tuberculosis patients, regardless of HIV status.

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The epidemiology of common mental disorders from age 20 to 50: results from the prospective Zurich cohort Study

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s204579601500027x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 24-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

J. Angst ◽

D. Paksarian ◽

L. Cui ◽

K. R. Merikangas ◽

M. P. Hengartner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Cumulative Incidence ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Future Research ◽

Cumulative Probability

Background:There are only a small number of prospective studies that have systematically evaluated standardised diagnostic criteria for mental disorder for more than a decade. The aim of this study is to present the approximated overall and sex-specific cumulative incidence of mental disorder in the Zurich cohort study, a prospective cohort study of 18–19 years olds from the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, who were followed through age 50.Method:A stratified sample of 591 participants were interviewed with the Structured Psychopathological Interview and Rating of the Social Consequences of Psychological Disturbances for Epidemiology, a semi-structured interview that uses a bottom-up approach to assess the past-year presence of 15 psychiatric syndromes. Seven interview waves took place between 1979 and 2008. Approximated cumulative incidence was estimated using Kaplan–Meier methods.Results:Rates of mental disorder were considerably higher than those generally reported in cross-sectional surveys. We found rates ranging from 32.5% for major depressive disorder to 1.2% for Bipolar I disorder. The cumulative probability of experiencing any of the mental disorders assessed by age 50 was 73.9%, the highest reported to date. We also found that rates differed by sex for most disorders, with females generally reporting higher rates of mood, anxiety and phobic disorder, and males reporting higher rates of substance- and alcohol-related disorders.Conclusions:These findings confirm those of other long-term prospective studies that indicate the nearly universal nature of disturbances of emotion and behaviour across the life span. Greater community awareness of the normative nature of these experiences is warranted. An important area of future research is study long-term course and stability to determine who among those with such disturbances suffer from chronic disabling mental disorders. Such longitudinal studies may aid in directing services and intervention efforts where they are most needed.

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Prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among school going adolescents in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0247898 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0247898

Author(s):

Md. Saiful Islam ◽

Md. Estiar Rahman ◽

Mst. Sabrina Moonajilin ◽

Jim van Os

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Multivariable Analyses ◽

Perceived Relationships

Background Common mental disorders in early life represent a major concern as they become more complex and intense with transition into adolescence. Despite global recognition of the significance of adolescent mental health, it remains a neglected area in research and health policy in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among school going adolescents in Bangladesh. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 563 students aged 13–18 years at selected schools (secondary and higher secondary) in Dhaka City. After providing written informed consent, participants completed a survey examining socio-demographic variables, along with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between variables under examination. Results The prevalence rates of moderate to severe levels of depression and anxiety were 26.5% and 18.1%, respectively. Based on multivariable analyses, unsatisfactory sleep (AOR = 3.17; 95% CI = 1.81–5.53, p < .001), cigarette smoking (AOR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.01–3.97, p = .048), and anxiety (AOR = 10.47; 95% CI = 6.11–17.95, p < .001) were associated with depression. Anxiety was associated with being 15–16 years (AOR = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.18–6.00, p = .018), not having good perceived relationships with friends (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.24–3.56, p = .006) and depression (AOR = 10.22; 95% CI = 6.01–17.38, p < .001). Conclusions Depression and anxiety were prevalent among school going adolescents in Bangladesh. The findings suggest epidemiological data can direct policy-level decisions regarding evaluation, prevention, and intervention of mental health conditions among school going adolescents in Bangladesh.

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Meta-analysis of Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among University Students

RADS Journal of Biological Research & Applied Sciences ◽

10.37962/jbas.v11i1.308 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Shifa Shaffique ◽

Sehar Shahzad Farooq ◽

Haseeb Anwar ◽

Hafiz Muhammad Asif ◽

Muhammad Akram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

University Students ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Population Pyramid ◽

Analysis Study ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Anxiety Depression

Background: The global burden on mental disorders have become too advanced with serious consequences on health and society. Over the years, depression, stress, and anxiety have become more common symptoms which affect all over population pyramid irrespective of the gender. Mental disorders are second most health indicator that causes morbidity. Objectives: The mental disorders affect the entire population and both genders equally. Present study was conducted to carry out meta-analysis study to highlight the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among university students. Methodology: Various search engines i.e. Google scholar, Duckduckgo, AOL, Baidu, Yahoo as well as books and newsletter were used to collect the data. Results: Despite tremendous development in the era of health and education, there is significant prevalence (79.5%) of anxiety, depression, and stress in medical students that leads to morbidity and poor mental health disorders among these students. Conclusion: It is concluded from meta-analysis study that prevalence of depression and anxiety is alarmingly high. There is a need of the hour to develop and design the mental health prevention programs and health education programs to overcome this issue.

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