Meta-analysis of Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among University Students

Background: The global burden on mental disorders have become too advanced with serious consequences on health and society. Over the years, depression, stress, and anxiety have become more common symptoms which affect all over population pyramid irrespective of the gender. Mental disorders are second most health indicator that causes morbidity. Objectives: The mental disorders affect the entire population and both genders equally. Present study was conducted to carry out meta-analysis study to highlight the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among university students. Methodology: Various search engines i.e. Google scholar, Duckduckgo, AOL, Baidu, Yahoo as well as books and newsletter were used to collect the data. Results: Despite tremendous development in the era of health and education, there is significant prevalence (79.5%) of anxiety, depression, and stress in medical students that leads to morbidity and poor mental health disorders among these students. Conclusion: It is concluded from meta-analysis study that prevalence of depression and anxiety is alarmingly high. There is a need of the hour to develop and design the mental health prevention programs and health education programs to overcome this issue.

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Mental health in relation to changes in sleep, exercise, alcohol and diet during the COVID-19 pandemic: examination of four UK cohort studies

10.1101/2021.03.26.21254424 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aase Villadsen ◽

Praveetha Patalay ◽

David Bann

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Health Behaviours ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Adverse Health ◽

Anxiety Depression

AbstractBackgroundResponses to the COVID-19 pandemic have included lockdowns and social distancing with considerable disruptions to people’s lives. These changes may have particularly impacted on those with mental health problems, leading to a worsening of inequalities in the behaviours which influence health.MethodsWe used data from four national longitudinal British cohort studies (N=10,666). Respondents reported mental health (psychological distress and anxiety/depression symptoms) and health behaviours (alcohol, diet, physical activity, and sleep) before and during the pandemic. Associations between pre-pandemic mental ill-health and pandemic mental ill-health and health behaviours were examined using logistic regression; pooled effects were estimated using meta-analysis.ResultsWorse mental health was related to adverse health behaviours; effect sizes were largest for sleep, exercise and diet, and weaker for alcohol. The associations between poor mental health and adverse health behaviours were larger during the May lockdown than pre-pandemic. In September, when restrictions had eased, inequalities had largely reverted to pre-pandemic levels. A notable exception was for sleep, where differences by mental health status remained high. Risk differences for adverse sleep for those with the highest level of prior mental ill-health compared to those with the lowest, were 21.2% (95% CI: 16.2, 26.2) before lockdown, 25.5% (20.0, 30.3) in May, and 28.2% (21.2, 35.2) in September.ConclusionsTaken together, our findings suggest that mental health is an increasingly important factor in health behaviour inequality in the COVID era. The promotion of mental health may thus be an important component of improving post-COVID population health.

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Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in china during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review with meta-analysis

The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine ◽

10.1177/0091217420978005 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 009121742097800

Author(s):

Syeda Beenish Bareeqa ◽

Syed Ijlal Ahmed ◽

Syeda Sana Samar ◽

Waqas Yasin ◽

Sani Zehra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Early Period ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Health Issues ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Care Workers ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Novel Coronavirus

Background The novel coronavirus disease which is believed to have initially originated in Wuhan city of China at the end of 2019 was declared as pandemic by March 2020 by WHO. This pandemic significantly impacted the mental health of communities around the globe. This project draws data from available research to quantify COVID-19 mental health issues and its prevalence in China during the early period of the COVID-19 crisis. It is believed that this pooling of data will give fair estimate of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Methods We conducted this study in accordance with PRISMA guidelines 2009. The protocol for this review is registered and published in PROSPERO (CRD42020182893). The databases used were Pubmed, Medline, Google scholar and Scopus. The studies were extracted according to pre-defined eligibility criteria and risk of bias assessment was conducted. The Meta-analysis was done using OpenMeta [analyst]. Results Total of 62382 participants in nineteen studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Stress was the most prevalent (48.1%) mental health consequence of Covid-19 pandemic, followed by depression (26.9%) and anxiety (21.8%). After performing subgroup analysis, prevalence of depression and anxiety in both females and frontline health care workers were high as compared to the prevalence in general Chinese population. Conclusion The prevalence of depression and anxiety is moderately high whereas pooled prevalence of stress was found to be very high in Chinese people during this Covid-19 crisis.

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Prevalence of common mental health issues among migrant workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0260221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. e0260221

Author(s):

Siti Idayu Hasan ◽

Anne Yee ◽

Ariyani Rinaldi ◽

Adlina Aisya Azham ◽

Farizah Mohd Hairi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Support ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Migrant Workers ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Well Being ◽

Qualitative Assessment ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Previous literature has shown that migrant workers manifested higher common mental issues (especially depressive symptom) compared to local workers due to stressors such as financial constraint and lack of access to healthcare. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the current body of evidence for the prevalence of depression and anxiety among migrant workers as well as exploring the risk factors and the availability of social support for migrant workers. Seven electronic databases, grey literature and Google Scholar were searched for studies from 2015 to 2021 related to mental health, social support and migrant workers. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-QARI). Study heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistics. Random effects meta-analysis results were presented given heterogeneity among studies. The search returned 27 articles and only seven studies were included in meta-analysis, involving 44 365 migrant workers in 17 different countries. The overall prevalence of depression and anxiety among migrant workers was 38.99% (95% CI = 0.27, 0.51) and 27.31% (95% CI = 0.06, 0.58), respectively. Factors such as age, biological (health issue, family history of psychiatric disorder), individual (poor coping skills), occupational (workplace psychosocial stressors, poor working condition, salary and benefits issue, abuse), environmental (limited access towards healthcare, duration of residence, living condition) and social factor (limited social support) were associated with a mental health outcome in migrant workers. The availability of social support for migrant workers was mainly concentrated in emotional type of support. A high prevalence of depression and anxiety was found among migrant workers across the globe. This finding warrants a collective effort by different parties in providing assistance for migrant workers to promote their mental well-being.

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Experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional analysis of risk perceptions and mental health in a student cohort

10.1101/2020.12.21.20248467 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ru Jia ◽

Holly Knight ◽

Holly Blake ◽

Dame Jessica Corner ◽

Chris Denning ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

University Students ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Risk Perceptions ◽

Online Survey ◽

Well Being ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sectional Analysis

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the COVID-19 risk perceptions and mental health of university students on returning to campus in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAn online survey was completed during the first four weeks of the academic year (October 2020) by 897 university students. The survey included demographics and measures of experiences of COVID-19 testing, self-isolation, shielding, perceived risk, mental health and indices capturing related psychological responses to the pandemic.ResultsWe observed higher levels of depression and anxiety, but not stress, in students compared with pre- pandemic normative data, but lower than levels reported earlier in the pandemic in other similar cohorts. Depression, anxiety and stress were independently associated with greater loneliness and reduced positive mood. Greater worry about COVID-19 was also independently associated with anxiety and stress. Female students and those with pre-existing mental health disorders were at greatest risk of poor mental health outcomes.ConclusionAlthough students perceived themselves at only moderate risk of COVID-19, the prevalence of depression and anxiety among university students should remain a concern. Universities should provide adequate support for students’ mental health during term-time. Interventions to reduced loneliness and worry, and improve mood, may benefit students’ overall mental well-being.

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Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among University Students After the COVID-19 First Wave in Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences ◽

10.52131/pjhss.2021.0903.0145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Wizra Saeed ◽

Saira Irfan ◽

Neelam Zafar ◽

Faiqa Cheema

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

University Students ◽

Female Students ◽

Academic Disciplines ◽

Male Students ◽

Psychological Interventions ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Secondary Damage ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Anxiety Levels

COVID-19, the worst public health emergency in a decade, has had a profound impact on people's mental health. Universities in Pakistan have reopened, although it is uncertain how to prevent secondary damage to students as a result of the reopening. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among students following the reopening of universities after the COVID-19 first wave. Furthermore, gender differences in depression, anxiety, and stress were also investigated, as well as the predictive value of CGPA in depression, anxiety, and stress. The sample was (N=360) university students. Data was collected from the two cites of Pakistan. The DASS-21 was used to assess levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among students (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the data. Results indicated that the level of psychological distress has increased among university students due to the reopening of universities. Findings revealed significant differences in depression and anxiety levels based on the three academic disciplines. In addition, male students showed significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress than female students and CGPA significantly and negatively predicted depression and stress. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that thorough and targeted psychological interventions for students' mental health should be established, particularly in high-risk cities and during the COVID-19 pandemic late phases.

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Prospective examination of mental health in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic

10.1101/2021.07.29.21261196 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ru Jia ◽

Holly Knight ◽

Kieran Ayling ◽

Carol Coupland ◽

Jessia Corner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

University Students ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Positive Mood ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Female Students ◽

Mental Health Outcomes ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Mental Health Difficulties ◽

The Impact

Background: The impact of changing social restrictions on the mental health of students during the COVID-19 pandemic warrants exploration. Aims: To prospectively examine changes to university students mental health during the pandemic. Methods: Students completed repeated online surveys at three time points (October 2020 (baseline), February 2021, March 2021) to explore relationships between demographic and psychological factors (loneliness and positive mood) and mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, and stress). Results: A total of 893 students participated. Depression and anxiety levels were higher at all timepoints than pre-pandemic normative data (p<.001). Scores on all mental health measures were highest in February, with depression and anxiety remaining significantly higher in March than baseline. Female students and those with previous mental health disorders were at greatest risk of poor mental health outcomes. Lower positive mood and greater loneliness at baseline were associated with greater depression and anxiety at follow-ups. Baseline positive mood predicted improvement of depression and anxiety at follow-ups. Conclusion: Depression and anxiety were significantly higher than pre-pandemic norms, with female students and those with previous mental health difficulties being at greatest risk. Given these elevated rates, universities should ensure adequate support is available to meet potentially increased demand for services.

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Prevalence and risk factors associated with mental health disorders among medical students

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20220018 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Alberto S. Navarro ◽

María F. Macías ◽

Eduardo Sánchez ◽

José M. Zepeda ◽

Felix Osuna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Medical Students ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Medical Training ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Complex Process ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

As Stress ◽

Anxiety Depression

The mental health care of medical students is a complex process influenced by various innate or personal characteristics of the student, stressors related to medical training, social, economic, demographic and many other factors. Therefore, it is important to identify both the prevalence and the main risk factors that can trigger mental disorders in medical students, such as stress, burnout, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, suicide, among others. Specifically in these students, the prevalence of depression ranges between 2.9% and 38.2% respectively; likewise, exhaustion ("burnout") prevails in 28-45% of them. Most students do not seek the necessary support to solve such problems, which leads to serious consequences, such as the abuse of substances harmful to health, in addition to environments, situations or actions that lead to mental destabilization. The following paper is a review that emphasizes the prevalence and risk factors that can trigger these mental disorders, in order to make an early detection and timely intervention, such as attending psychiatric therapy and/or receiving support from the educational system itself.

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Effects of mobile mindfulness meditation on mental health of university students: Systematic review and meta-analysis (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.33882 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hong Chen ◽

Bin Chen ◽

Ting Yang

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

University Students ◽

Mindfulness Meditation ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Control Groups ◽

Registration Number ◽

Anxiety Depression

BACKGROUND Mobile mindfulness meditation (MMM) is mindfulness meditation intervention implemented by mobile devices like smart phones and apps. MMM has been used to help managing mental health of university students. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MMM on mental health of university students in the areas of stress, anxiety, depression, mindfulness, well-being, and resilience. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of MMM on mental health of university students. An electronic literature search using the PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE from inception to July 16, 2021 was conducted to identify studies that reported the effects of MMM on stress, anxiety, depression, mindfulness, well-being, and resilience. Two reviewers retrieved articles, evaluated quality and extracted data independently. The methodological quality of the selected studies was determined using the Cochrane criteria for risk-of-bias assessment. The RevMan Version 5.3 was used to perform meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 10 studies, including 958 university students, were selected for meta-analysis. Results showed that MMM was more effective than the control groups in decreasing stress (SMD=-0.41, 95% CI [-0.59, -0.23], P<0.0001), alleviating anxiety (SMD=-0.29, 95% CI [-0.50, -0.09], P=0.004), enhancing well-being (SMD=0.30, 95% CI [0.11, 0.50], P=0.003), and improving mindfulness (SMD=2.66, 95% CI [0.77, 4.55], P=0.006). However, there was no difference between MMM and the control groups in depression (SMD=-0.14, 95% CI [-0.30, 0.03], P=0.11), and resilience (SMD=-0.06, 95% CI [-0.26, 0.15], P=0.59). CONCLUSIONS MMM was an effective method to reduce stress, anxiety, and to increase well-being, mindfulness of university students, further studies are needed to confirm our findings. CLINICALTRIAL review article, no trail registration number.

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Mental Health of Pregnant and Postpartum Women During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2020.617001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Haohao Yan ◽

Yudan Ding ◽

Wenbin Guo

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Postpartum Women ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Mental Problems ◽

Anxiety Depression

Background: Prenatal and postnatal mental disorders can exert severe adverse influences on mothers, fetuses, and children. However, the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the mental health of pregnant and postpartum women remains unclear.Methods: Relevant studies that were published from January 1, 2019 to September 19, 2020 were identified through the systematic search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. Quality assessment of included studies, random-effects meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, and planned subgroup analysis were performed.Results: A total of 23 studies conducted with 20,569 participants during the COVID-19 pandemic and with 3,677 pregnant women before the COVID-19 pandemic were included. The prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, psychological distress, and insomnia among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic were 37% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25–49%), 31% (95% CI 20–42%), 70% (95% CI 60–79%), and 49% (95% CI 46–52%), respectively. The prevalence of postpartum depression was 22% (95% CI 15–29%). Multigravida women and women in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy were more vulnerable than other pregnant women. The assessment of the associations between the COVID-19 pandemic and mental health problems revealed that the pooled relative risks of anxiety and depression in pregnant women were 1.65 (95% CI: 1.25–2.19) and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.80–1.46), respectively.Conclusions: The prevalence rates of mental disorders among pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic were high. Timely and tailored interventions should be applied to mitigate mental problems among this population of women, especially multigravida women and women in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy.

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Prevalence of depression, anxiety and suicide among men who have sex with men in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796020000487 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

Author(s):

D. Wei ◽

X. Wang ◽

X. You ◽

X. Luo ◽

C. Hao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Sex With Men

Abstract Aims Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for depression, anxiety and suicide. The estimated prevalence of these problems is essential to guide public health policy, but published results vary. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and suicide among Chinese MSM. Methods Systematic searches of EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, CNKI and Wanfang databases with languages restricted to Chinese and English for studies published before 10 September 2019 on the prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts among Chinese MSM. Studies that were published in the peer-reviewed journals and used validated instruments to assess depression and anxiety were included. The characteristics of studies and the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts were independently extracted by authors. Random-effects modelling was used to estimate the pooled rates. Subgroup analysis and univariate meta-regression were conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. This study followed the PRISMA and MOOSE. Results Sixty-seven studies were included. Fifty-two studies reported the prevalence of depressive symptoms, with a combined sample of 37 376 people, of whom 12 887 [43.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 38.9–47.5] reported depressive symptoms. Twenty-seven studies reported the prevalence of anxiety symptoms, with a combined sample of 10 531 people, of whom 3187 (32.2%; 95% CI, 28.3–36.6) reported anxiety symptoms. Twenty-three studies reported the prevalence of suicidal ideation, with a combined sample of 15 034 people, of whom 3416 (21.2%; 95% CI, 18.3–24.5) had suicidal ideation. Nine studies reported the prevalence of suicide plans, with a combined sample of 5271 people, of whom 401 (6.2%; 95% CI, 3.9–8.6) had suicide plans. Finally, 19 studies reported the prevalence of suicide attempts, with a combined sample of 27 936 people, of whom 1829 (7.3%; 95% CI, 5.6–9.0) had attempted suicide. Conclusions The mental health of Chinese MSM is poor compared with the general population. Efforts are warranted to develop interventions to prevent and alleviate mental health problems among this vulnerable population.

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