scholarly journals The epidemiology of common mental disorders from age 20 to 50: results from the prospective Zurich cohort Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Angst ◽  
D. Paksarian ◽  
L. Cui ◽  
K. R. Merikangas ◽  
M. P. Hengartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cumulative Probability

Background:There are only a small number of prospective studies that have systematically evaluated standardised diagnostic criteria for mental disorder for more than a decade. The aim of this study is to present the approximated overall and sex-specific cumulative incidence of mental disorder in the Zurich cohort study, a prospective cohort study of 18–19 years olds from the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, who were followed through age 50.Method:A stratified sample of 591 participants were interviewed with the Structured Psychopathological Interview and Rating of the Social Consequences of Psychological Disturbances for Epidemiology, a semi-structured interview that uses a bottom-up approach to assess the past-year presence of 15 psychiatric syndromes. Seven interview waves took place between 1979 and 2008. Approximated cumulative incidence was estimated using Kaplan–Meier methods.Results:Rates of mental disorder were considerably higher than those generally reported in cross-sectional surveys. We found rates ranging from 32.5% for major depressive disorder to 1.2% for Bipolar I disorder. The cumulative probability of experiencing any of the mental disorders assessed by age 50 was 73.9%, the highest reported to date. We also found that rates differed by sex for most disorders, with females generally reporting higher rates of mood, anxiety and phobic disorder, and males reporting higher rates of substance- and alcohol-related disorders.Conclusions:These findings confirm those of other long-term prospective studies that indicate the nearly universal nature of disturbances of emotion and behaviour across the life span. Greater community awareness of the normative nature of these experiences is warranted. An important area of future research is study long-term course and stability to determine who among those with such disturbances suffer from chronic disabling mental disorders. Such longitudinal studies may aid in directing services and intervention efforts where they are most needed.

scholarly journals Preconception prediction of expectant fathers' mental health: 20-year cohort study from adolescence

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Spry ◽  
Rebecca Giallo ◽  
Margarita Moreno-Betancur ◽  
Jacqui Macdonald ◽  
Denise Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Expectant Fathers

We examined prospective associations between men's common mental disorders in the decades prior to offspring conception and subsequent paternal antenatal mental health problems. Data came from a prospective intergenerational cohort study which assessed common mental disorder nine times from age 14 to 29 years, and in the third trimester of subsequent pregnancies to age 35 years (N = 295 pregnancies to 214 men). Men with histories of adolescent and young adult common mental disorders were over four times more likely to experience antenatal mental health problems. Future research identifying modifiable perinatal factors that counteract preconception risk would provide further targets for intervention.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Claims for sickness and disability benefits owing to mental disorders in the UK: trends from 1995 to 2014

BJPsych Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastião Viola ◽  
Joanna Moncrieff
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Disability Benefits ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Individual Support ◽  
Government Data ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundThere is international concern about the levels of sickness and disability benefits, with mental disorders known to account for a large proportion of claims.AimsTo examine trends in sickness and disability benefits awarded for mental disorders in the UK.MethodThe researchers analysed UK Government data from 1995 to 2014.ResultsMental disorders have become the most common cause of receiving benefits, with the number of claimants rising by 103% from 1995 to 1.1 million in 2014. Claimants with other conditions fell by 35%. In 2014, 47% of claims were attributed to a mental disorder. The number of long-term claimants (claiming over 5 years) with mental disorders increased by 87% from 2000 to 2011. Two-thirds of mental disorder claimants were classified as having a depressive or anxiety disorder.ConclusionsCommon mental disorders may involve greater morbidity and social costs than usually recognised. Availability of suitable employment, as well as individual support, may be necessary to reduce benefit levels.

Long-term incidence and recurrence of common mental disorders after abortion. A Dutch prospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenneke van Ditzhuijzen ◽  
Margreet ten Have ◽  
Ron de Graaf ◽  
Carolus H.C.J. van Nijnatten ◽  
Wilma A.M. Vollebergh
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Common Mental Disorders

Compensating for non-response in a study estimating the incidence of mental disorders in long-term sickness absence by a two-phased design

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Jørgen Søgaard ◽  
Per Bech
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Somatoform Disorder ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
One Year ◽  
Phase Design

Aims: The study compensates for the non-response that was observed in a previous study that estimated the frequencies of mental disorders in long-term sickness absence (LSA) (more than eight weeks of continuous sickness absence). In this study, the frequency of any mental disorder was estimated at 48% by a two-phase design and weighted logistic regression. The total non-response rate was 53.6%. This motivated the present study to compensate for non-response by applying adjustment of the weights and by multiple imputation of missing data in the estimation of the frequencies of mental disorders. Methods: The study took place in a Danish population of 120,000 inhabitants. During one year, all 2,414 incident individuals on LSA were identified. By a two-phase design 1,121 individuals were screened in Phase 1. In Phase 2, which was a subsample of Phase 1, 337 individuals participated in a psychiatric diagnostic examination applying Present State Examination as gold standard. The weighted analyses were based on scores of the screening instrument SCL-8AD compiled of SCL-8, SCL-ANX4, and SCL-DEP6 from the Common Mental Disorders Screening Questionnaire. In the present study, the variables sex, age, municipality, and social transfer income variables were used for the adjustment of weights in weighted analyses and in the imputation models. Results: The frequencies were: any mental disorder 46%—49%, depression 31%—36%, anxiety 13%—15%, and somatoform disorder 8%—9%. Conclusions: Irrespective of whether compensation for non-response was applied, the frequencies of mental disorders were similar. The variables used for the compensation were of problematic value.

scholarly journals Individual and combined associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and grip strength with common mental disorders: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank

BMC Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron A. Kandola ◽  
David P. J. Osborn ◽  
Brendon Stubbs ◽  
Karmel W. Choi ◽  
Joseph F. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Uk Biobank

Abstract Background Depression and anxiety are common mental disorders that increase physical health risks and are leading causes of global disability. Several forms of physical fitness could be modifiable risk factors for common mental disorders in the population. We examined associations between individual and combined markers of cardiorespiratory fitness and grip strength with the incidence of common mental disorders. Methods A 7-year prospective cohort study in 152,978 UK Biobank participants. An exercise test and dynamometer were used to measure cardiorespiratory and grip strength, respectively. We used Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 scales to estimate the incidence of common mental disorders at follow-up. Results Fully adjusted, longitudinal models indicated a dose-response relationship. Low and medium cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with 1.485 (95% CIs, 1.301 to 1.694, p <  0.001) and 1.141 (95% CIs, 1.005 to 1.297, p = 0.041) higher odds of depression or anxiety, compared to high cardiorespiratory fitness. Low and medium grip strength was associated with 1.381 (95% CIs, 1.315 to 1.452, p <  0.001) and 1.116 (95% CIs, 1.063 to 1.172, p <  0.001) higher odds of common mental disorder compared to high grip strength. Individuals in the lowest group for both cardiorespiratory fitness and grip strength had 1.981 (95% CIs, 1.553 to 2.527, p <  0.001) higher odds of depression, 1.599 (95% CIs, 1.148 to 2.118, p = 0.004) higher odds of anxiety, and 1.814 (95% CIs, 1.461 to 2.252, p <  0.001) higher odds of either common mental disorder, compared to high for both types of fitness. Conclusions Objective cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness markers represent modifiable risk factors for common mental disorders. Public health strategies to reduce common mental disorders could include combinations of aerobic and resistance activities.

scholarly journals Depression and anxiety among people living with and beyond cancer: a growing clinical and research priority

BMC Cancer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L. Niedzwiedz ◽  
Lee Knifton ◽  
Kathryn A. Robb ◽  
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi ◽  
Daniel J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Abstract Background A cancer diagnosis can have a substantial impact on mental health and wellbeing. Depression and anxiety may hinder cancer treatment and recovery, as well as quality of life and survival. We argue that more research is needed to prevent and treat co-morbid depression and anxiety among people with cancer and that it requires greater clinical priority. For background and to support our argument, we synthesise existing systematic reviews relating to cancer and common mental disorders, focusing on depression and anxiety. We searched several electronic databases for relevant reviews on cancer, depression and anxiety from 2012 to 2019. Several areas are covered: factors that may contribute to the development of common mental disorders among people with cancer; the prevalence of depression and anxiety; and potential care and treatment options. We also make several recommendations for future research. Numerous individual, psychological, social and contextual factors potentially contribute to the development of depression and anxiety among people with cancer, as well as characteristics related to the cancer and treatment received. Compared to the general population, the prevalence of depression and anxiety is often found to be higher among people with cancer, but estimates vary due to several factors, such as the treatment setting, type of cancer and time since diagnosis. Overall, there are a lack of high-quality studies into the mental health of people with cancer following treatment and among long-term survivors, particularly for the less prevalent cancer types and younger people. Studies that focus on prevention are minimal and research covering low- and middle-income populations is limited. Conclusion Research is urgently needed into the possible impacts of long-term and late effects of cancer treatment on mental health and how these may be prevented, as increasing numbers of people live with and beyond cancer.

scholarly journals Associations between common mental disorders and the Mental Illness Needs Index in community settings

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Fone ◽  
Frank Dunstan ◽  
Ann John ◽  
Keith Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Community Settings

BackgroundThe relationship between the Mental Illness Needs Index (MINI) and the common mental disorders is not known.AimsTo investigate associations between the small-area MINI score and common mental disorder at individual level.MethodMental health status was measured using the Mental Health Inventory of the Short Form 36 instrument (SF-36). Data from the Caerphilly Health and Social Needs population survey were analysed in multilevel models of 10 653 individuals aged 18–74 years nested within the 2001 UK census geographies of 110 lower super output areas and 33 wards.ResultsThe MINI score was significantly associated with common mental disorder after adjusting for individual risk factors. This association was stronger at the smaller spatial scale of the lower super output area and for individuals who were permanently sick or disabled.ConclusionsThe MINI is potentially useful for small-area needs assessment and service planning for common mental disorder in community settings.

scholarly journals 1738. Incidence and Outcomes of Hospitalization with Invasive Fungal Infection Among Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S636-S636
Author(s):  
Kyla L Naylor ◽  
Alexandra Ouédraogo ◽  
Sarah E Bota ◽  
Shahid Husain ◽  
J Michael Paterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Graft Failure ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background Invasive fungal infection (IFI) in solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The long-term probability of post-transplant IFI is poorly understood. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study using linked administrative healthcare databases from Ontario, Canada to determine the incidence rate, 1-, 5- and 10-year cumulative probability of IFI-related hospitalization, and 1-year post-IFI all-cause mortality in SOT recipients from 2002 to 2016. We also examined post-IFI death-censored graft failure in renal transplant patients. Results We included 9326 SOT recipients (median follow-up 5.35 years). Overall, the incidence of IFI was 8.3 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.5–9.1). The 1-year cumulative probability of IFI was 7.4% (95% CI: 5.8–9.3%), 5.4% (95% CI: 3.6–8.1%), 1.8% (95% CI: 1.3–2.5%), 1.2% (95% CI: 0.5–3.2%), and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.9–1.4%) for lung, heart, liver, kidney-pancreas, and kidney-only transplant recipients, respectively. Lung transplant recipients had both the highest incidence rate and the highest 10-year probability of IFI: 43.0 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI: 36.8–50.0) and 26.4% (95% CI: 22.4–30.9%), respectively. Lung transplantation was also associated with the highest 1-year cumulative probability of post-IFI all-cause mortality (40.2%,95% CI: 33.1–48.3%). Among kidney transplant recipients, the 1-year probability of death-censored graft failure after IFI was 9.8% (95% CI: 6.0–15.8%). Conclusion The 1-year cumulative probability of IFI varies widely among SOT recipients. Lung transplantation was associated with the highest incidence of IFI with considerable 1-year all-cause mortality. The findings of this study considerably improved our understanding of the long-term probability of post-transplant IFI. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Excess mortality of mental disorder

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Harris ◽  
Brian Barraclough
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
English Language ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Standardised Mortality Ratios ◽  
The Common

BackgroundWe describe the increased risk of premature death from natural and from unnatural causes for the common mental disorders.MethodWith a Medline search (1966–1995) we found 152 English language reports on the mortality of mental disorder which met our inclusion criteria. From these reports, covering 27 mental disorder categories and eight treatment categories, we calculated standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all causes of death, all natural causes and all unnatural causes; and for most, SMRs for suicide, other violent causes and specific natural causes.ResultsHighest risks of premature death, from both natural and unnatural causes, are for substance abuse and eating disorders. Risk of death from unnatural causes is especially high for the functional disorders, particularly schizophrenia and major depression. Deaths from natural causes are markedly increased for organic mental disorders, mental retardation and epilepsy.ConclusionAll mental disorders have an increased risk of premature death.

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