scholarly journals Association between depression, anxiety and weight change in young adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhe W. Sahle ◽  
Monique Breslin ◽  
Kristy Sanderson ◽  
George Patton ◽  
Terence Dwyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
Baseline Bmi

Abstract Background To investigate whether there are bi-directional associations between anxiety and mood disorders and body mass index (BMI) in a cohort of young adults. Methods We analysed data from the 2004–2006 (baseline) and 2009–2011 (follow-up) waves of the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study. Lifetime DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders were retrospectively diagnosed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Potential mediators were individually added to the base models to assess their potential role as a mediator of the associations. Results In males, presence of mood disorder history at baseline was positively associated with BMI gain (β = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.14–1.40), but baseline BMI was not associated with subsequent risk of mood disorder. Further adjustment for covariates, including dietary pattern, physical activity, and smoking reduced the coefficient (β) to 0.70 (95% CI: 0.01–1.39), suggesting that the increase in BMI was partly mediated by these factors. In females, presence of mood disorder history at baseline was not associated with subsequent weight gain, however, BMI at baseline was associated with higher risk of episode of mood disorder (RR per kg/m2: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.08), which was strengthened (RR per kg/m2 = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00–1.15) after additional adjustment in the full model. There was no significant association between anxiety and change in BMI and vice-versa. Conclusion The results do not suggest bidirectional associations between anxiety and mood disorders, and change in BMI. Interventions promoting healthy lifestyle could contribute to reducing increase in BMI associated with mood disorder in males, and excess risk of mood disorder associated with BMI in females.

scholarly journals An eating pattern characterised by skipped or delayed breakfast is associated with mood disorders among an Australian adult cohort

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Wilson ◽  
L. Blizzard ◽  
S. L. Gall ◽  
C. G. Magnussen ◽  
W. H. Oddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Time Points

AbstractBackgroundMeal timing may influence food choices, neurobiology and psychological states. Our exploratory study examined if time-of-day eating patterns were associated with mood disorders among adults.MethodsDuring 2004–2006 (age 26–36 years) and 2009–2011 (follow-up, age 31–41 years), N = 1304 participants reported 24-h food and beverage intake. Time-of-day eating patterns were derived by principal components analysis. At follow-up, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview measured lifetime mood disorder. Log binomial and adjacent categories log-link regression were used to examine bidirectional associations between eating patterns and mood disorder. Covariates included sex, age, marital status, social support, education, work schedule, body mass index and smoking.ResultsThree patterns were derived at each time-point: Grazing (intake spread across the day), Traditional (highest intakes reflected breakfast, lunch and dinner), and Late (skipped/delayed breakfast with higher evening intakes). Compared to those in the lowest third of the respective pattern at baseline and follow-up, during the 5-year follow-up, those in the highest third of the Late pattern at both time-points had a higher prevalence of mood disorder [prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–3.48], and those in the highest third of the Traditional pattern at both time-points had a lower prevalence of first onset mood disorder (PR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.11–0.87). Participants who experienced a mood disorder during follow-up had a 1.07 higher relative risk of being in a higher Late pattern score category at follow-up than those without mood disorder (95% CI 1.00–1.14).ConclusionsNon-traditional eating patterns, particularly skipped or delayed breakfast, may be associated with mood disorders.

scholarly journals A Combined Digital and Biomarker Diagnostic Aid for Mood Disorders (the Delta Trial): Protocol for an Observational Study

10.2196/18453 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e18453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Olmert ◽  
Jason D Cooper ◽  
Sung Yeon Sarah Han ◽  
Giles Barton-Owen ◽  
Lynn Farrag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Aid ◽  
Health Organization

Background Mood disorders affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, imposing a substantial medical and economic burden. Existing diagnostic methods for mood disorders often result in a delay until accurate diagnosis, exacerbating the challenges of these disorders. Advances in digital tools for psychiatry and understanding the biological basis of mood disorders offer the potential for novel diagnostic methods that facilitate early and accurate diagnosis of patients. Objective The Delta Trial was launched to develop an algorithm-based diagnostic aid combining symptom data and proteomic biomarkers to reduce the misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) as a major depressive disorder (MDD) and achieve more accurate and earlier MDD diagnosis. Methods Participants for this ethically approved trial were recruited through the internet, mainly through Facebook advertising. Participants were then screened for eligibility, consented to participate, and completed an adaptive digital questionnaire that was designed and created for the trial on a purpose-built digital platform. A subset of these participants was selected to provide dried blood spot (DBS) samples and undertake a World Health Organization World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were chosen to maximize the safety of a trial population that was both relevant to the trial objectives and generalizable. To provide statistical power and validation sets for the primary and secondary objectives, 840 participants were required to complete the digital questionnaire, submit DBS samples, and undertake a CIDI. Results The Delta Trial is now complete. More than 3200 participants completed the digital questionnaire, 924 of whom also submitted DBS samples and a CIDI, whereas a total of 1780 participants completed a 6-month follow-up questionnaire and 1542 completed a 12-month follow-up questionnaire. The analysis of the trial data is now underway. Conclusions If a diagnostic aid is able to improve the diagnosis of BD and MDD, it may enable earlier treatment for patients with mood disorders. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18453

Bi-directional associations between healthy lifestyles and mood disorders in young adults: The Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2535-2548 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Gall ◽  
K. Sanderson ◽  
K. J. Smith ◽  
G. Patton ◽  
T. Dwyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Healthy Lifestyles ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Physical And Mental Health

BackgroundHealthy lifestyles prevent cardiovascular disease and are increasingly recognized in relation to mental health but longitudinal studies are limited. We examined bi-directional associations between mood disorders and healthy lifestyles in a cohort followed for 5 years.MethodParticipants were aged 26–36 years at baseline (2004–2006) and 31–41 years at follow-up (2009–2011). At follow-up, lifetime mood disorders (depression or dysthymia) were retrospectively diagnosed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A five-item lifestyle score (comprising body mass index, non-smoking, alcohol consumption, leisure time physical activity and healthy diet) was measured at both time points. Linear and log multinomial regression determined if mood disorder before baseline predicted changes in lifestyle (n= 1041). Log binomial regression estimated whether lifestyle at baseline predicted new episodes of mood disorder (n= 1233). Covariates included age, sex, socio-economic position, parental and marital status, social support, major life events, cardiovascular disease history, and self-rated physical and mental health.ResultsA history of mood disorder before baseline predicted unfavourable trajectories of lifestyle over follow-up, including somewhat lower risk of improvement [relative risk (RR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56–1.03] and greater risk of worsening (RR 1.46, 95% CI 0.99–2.15) of lifestyle independent of confounding factors. Higher lifestyle scores at baseline were associated with a 22% (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.61–0.95) reduced risk of first episodes of mood disorder, independent of confounding factors.ConclusionsHealthy lifestyles and mood disorders are closely related. Our results suggest that healthy lifestyles may not only reduce cardiovascular disease but also promote mental health.

scholarly journals Psychiatric Disorders in Young Adults Diagnosed with Juvenile Fibromyalgia in Adolescence

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2427-2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natoshia Raishevich Cunningham ◽  
Susan T. Tran ◽  
Anne M. Lynch-Jordan ◽  
Tracy V. Ting ◽  
Soumitri Sil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Physical Impairment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
A Current

Objective.Adolescents with juvenile-onset fibromyalgia (JFM) have increased rates of psychiatric disorders, but to our knowledge no studies have examined psychiatric disorders in adolescents with JFM when they enter young adulthood. This study examined the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in young adults diagnosed with JFM during adolescence and the relationship between mental health diagnoses and physical functioning.Methods.Ninety-one young adults (mean age 21.60, SD 1.96) with a history of JFM being followed as part of a prospective longitudinal study and 30 matched healthy controls (mean age 21.57, SD 1.55) completed a structured interview of psychiatric diagnoses and a self-report measure of physical impairment.Results.Young adults with a history of JFM were more likely to have current and lifetime histories of anxiety disorders (70.3% and 76.9%, respectively) compared with controls (33.3% for both, both p < 0.001). Individuals with JFM were also more likely to have current and lifetime histories of major mood disorders (29.7% and 76.9%, respectively) compared with controls (10% and 40%, p < 0.05). The presence of a current major mood disorder was significantly related to impairment in physical functioning [F (1, 89) = 8.30, p < 0.01] and role limitations attributable to a physical condition [F (1, 89) = 7.09, p < 0.01].Conclusion.Psychiatric disorders are prevalent in young adulthood for individuals with a history of JFM, and a current major mood disorder is associated with greater physical impairment. Greater attention to early identification and treatment of mood disorders in patients with JFM is warranted.

scholarly journals Recurrent brief depressive disorder reinvestigated: a community sample of adolescents and young adults

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. PEZAWAS ◽  
H.-U. WITTCHEN ◽  
H. PFISTER ◽  
J. ANGST ◽  
R. LIEB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Course Stability ◽  
Clinically Significant

Background. This article presents prospective lower bound estimations of findings on prevalence, incidence, clinical correlates, severity markers, co-morbidity and course stability of threshold and subthreshold recurrent brief depressive disorder (RBD) and other mood disorders in a community sample of 3021 adolescents.Method. Data were collected at baseline (age 14–17) and at two follow-up interviews within an observation period of 42 months. Diagnostic assessment was based on the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI).Results. Our data suggest that RBD is a prevalent (2·6%) clinical condition among depressive disorders (21·3%) being at least as prevalent as dysthymia (2·3%) in young adults over lifetime. Furthermore, RBD is associated with significant clinical impairment sharing many features with major depressive disorder (MDD). Suicide attempts were reported in 7·8% of RBD patients, which was similar to MDD (11·9%). However, other features, like gender distribution or co-morbidity patterns, differ essentially from MDD. Furthermore, the lifetime co-occurrence of MDD and RBD or combined depression represents a severe psychiatric condition.Conclusions. This study provides further independent support for RBD as a clinically significant syndrome that could not be significantly explained as a prodrome or residual of major affective disorders.

scholarly journals An Epidemiological Study of Substance Use Disorders Among Emerging and Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana A. Qadeer ◽  
Kathy Georgiades ◽  
Michael H. Boyle ◽  
Mark A. Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Canadian Population

Objectives: We investigated the prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) among emerging adults and quantified the extent to which emerging adults, compared with young adults, have increased odds for SUDs. Methods: Data were from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health (CCHS-MH). Respondents were 15 to 39 y of age ( n = 9228) and were categorized as: early emerging adults (15 to 22 y); late emerging adults (23 to 29 y); and, young adults (30 to 39 y). SUDs [alcohol or drug abuse/dependence (AAD or DAD)] were measured using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0. The prevalence of SUDs was compared across age groups, and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed from logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic and health covariates. Analyses were weighted to maintain representativeness to the Canadian population. Results: The prevalence of AAD was 8.0%, 6.6%, and 2.7% for early emerging adults, late emerging adults, and young adults, respectively. For DAD, the prevalence was 6.4%, 3.6%, and 1.3%. After covariate adjustment, early and late emerging adults had greater odds of reporting AAD (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 2.2 to 4.9 and OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.6 to 3.4, respectively) or DAD (OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 2.5 to 7.0 and OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.6 to 4.1, respectively) compared with young adults. Differences between early and late emerging adults were not significant. Conclusion: Emerging adults are at increased odds for SUDs. Lack of differences between early and late emerging adults provide evidence of the extension of emerging adulthood into the late 20s. Findings have implications for the provision of screening and treatment of SUDs during this developmental period.

Incidence and Outcomes of Mental Disorders in a Regional Population: The Northern Rivers Mental Health Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 674-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Beard ◽  
Uta C. Dietrich ◽  
Lyndon O. Brooks ◽  
Robert T. Brooks ◽  
Kathy Heathcote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Positive Diagnosis ◽  
Health Services Need

Objectives: To estimate the incidence of mental disorders in a cohort of previously symptom-free individuals who are representatives of a regional Australian population. To map changing patterns of diagnosis and comorbidity within the cohort over a 2 year period. Method: Two year follow-up of a community-based cohort drawn from a telephone screening of 9191 randomly selected adults. Subjects were administered a comprehensive face-to-face interview which included the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A total of 1407 subjects were interviewed at baseline, and 968 subjects were reinterviewed (a 68.8% follow-up rate). Results: There was considerable change in disorder status over the study period, and analysis of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview scoring suggests that these changes reflected real changes in symptomatology. Of subjects interviewed at both baseline and follow-up, 638 were classified as disorder-free at their entry to the study. After 2 years, 98 of these met criteria for a mental disorder during the preceding 12 months. After adjusting for sampling and gender, the 12 month incidence of any mental disorder among subjects who had been disorder-free 2 years previously was 9.95 per hundred person-years at risk. At baseline, a further 330 subjects met ICD-10 criteria for a mental disorder during the previous 12 months. Two years later, 167 of these subjects (50.6%) were disorder-free, and 163 still met the criteria for a mental disorder, although there had often been considerable change in their diagnosis. Subjects with a mental disorder at the commencement of the study were significantly more likely than those without a disorder to have a positive diagnosis 2 years later (p < 0.001). The number of diagnoses at baseline was a strong predictor of the number of diagnoses at follow-up (p < 0.001), and each additional comorbid diagnosis at baseline also increased the probability of a persisting disorder at follow-up (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Over a 2 year period, the majority of subjects with a mental disorder will become disorder-free, while a significant number of previously disorder-free individuals will develop a positive diagnosis. Health services need to be designed to meet this labile demand.

scholarly journals Stuttering and Smoking Frequency: A Longitudinal Analysis of Adolescence and Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Parental Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: Previous research exploring the association between stuttering and cigarette smoking has been confounded by failure to control for confounding factors, improper empirical specification and inadequate data. Due to these and other limitations, previous studies have found no association between stuttering and smoking. This study examines the relationship using a longitudinal sample of adolescents and young adults controlling for previous smoking, alcohol consumption and mood disorders. Methods: Regression analyses utilizes the Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health—a panel study following a cohort of 12 to 17-year-olds into adulthood with four repeated interviews—to assess the relationship between adult smoking frequency and stuttering controlling for age, demographic and parental characteristics, depression, anxiety and adolescent smoking and alcohol consumption. Results: Stuttering is highly predictive of adult smoking frequency, even after controlling for alcohol use, early-life smoking habits and mood disorders. The high correlation between smoking and age consumption suggest that patterns smoking begin in adolescence and continue into adulthood. Conclusion: Findings indicate that, all else held constant, individuals who stutter smoke more frequently than their fluent counterparts. Stress relief, social inclusivity or belongingness could induce individuals who stuttering to use smoking as a form of social capital or to facilitate inclusivity.

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