An eating pattern characterised by skipped or delayed breakfast is associated with mood disorders among an Australian adult cohort

AbstractBackgroundMeal timing may influence food choices, neurobiology and psychological states. Our exploratory study examined if time-of-day eating patterns were associated with mood disorders among adults.MethodsDuring 2004–2006 (age 26–36 years) and 2009–2011 (follow-up, age 31–41 years), N = 1304 participants reported 24-h food and beverage intake. Time-of-day eating patterns were derived by principal components analysis. At follow-up, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview measured lifetime mood disorder. Log binomial and adjacent categories log-link regression were used to examine bidirectional associations between eating patterns and mood disorder. Covariates included sex, age, marital status, social support, education, work schedule, body mass index and smoking.ResultsThree patterns were derived at each time-point: Grazing (intake spread across the day), Traditional (highest intakes reflected breakfast, lunch and dinner), and Late (skipped/delayed breakfast with higher evening intakes). Compared to those in the lowest third of the respective pattern at baseline and follow-up, during the 5-year follow-up, those in the highest third of the Late pattern at both time-points had a higher prevalence of mood disorder [prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–3.48], and those in the highest third of the Traditional pattern at both time-points had a lower prevalence of first onset mood disorder (PR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.11–0.87). Participants who experienced a mood disorder during follow-up had a 1.07 higher relative risk of being in a higher Late pattern score category at follow-up than those without mood disorder (95% CI 1.00–1.14).ConclusionsNon-traditional eating patterns, particularly skipped or delayed breakfast, may be associated with mood disorders.

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A Combined Digital and Biomarker Diagnostic Aid for Mood Disorders (the Delta Trial): Protocol for an Observational Study

JMIR Research Protocols ◽

10.2196/18453 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. e18453 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tony Olmert ◽

Jason D Cooper ◽

Sung Yeon Sarah Han ◽

Giles Barton-Owen ◽

Lynn Farrag ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mood Disorders ◽

Statistical Power ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Accurate Diagnosis ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

World Health ◽

Diagnostic Aid ◽

Health Organization

Background Mood disorders affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, imposing a substantial medical and economic burden. Existing diagnostic methods for mood disorders often result in a delay until accurate diagnosis, exacerbating the challenges of these disorders. Advances in digital tools for psychiatry and understanding the biological basis of mood disorders offer the potential for novel diagnostic methods that facilitate early and accurate diagnosis of patients. Objective The Delta Trial was launched to develop an algorithm-based diagnostic aid combining symptom data and proteomic biomarkers to reduce the misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) as a major depressive disorder (MDD) and achieve more accurate and earlier MDD diagnosis. Methods Participants for this ethically approved trial were recruited through the internet, mainly through Facebook advertising. Participants were then screened for eligibility, consented to participate, and completed an adaptive digital questionnaire that was designed and created for the trial on a purpose-built digital platform. A subset of these participants was selected to provide dried blood spot (DBS) samples and undertake a World Health Organization World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were chosen to maximize the safety of a trial population that was both relevant to the trial objectives and generalizable. To provide statistical power and validation sets for the primary and secondary objectives, 840 participants were required to complete the digital questionnaire, submit DBS samples, and undertake a CIDI. Results The Delta Trial is now complete. More than 3200 participants completed the digital questionnaire, 924 of whom also submitted DBS samples and a CIDI, whereas a total of 1780 participants completed a 6-month follow-up questionnaire and 1542 completed a 12-month follow-up questionnaire. The analysis of the trial data is now underway. Conclusions If a diagnostic aid is able to improve the diagnosis of BD and MDD, it may enable earlier treatment for patients with mood disorders. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18453

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Association between depression, anxiety and weight change in young adults

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-019-2385-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Berhe W. Sahle ◽

Monique Breslin ◽

Kristy Sanderson ◽

George Patton ◽

Terence Dwyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Mood Disorder ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Health Study ◽

Adult Health ◽

Bidirectional Associations ◽

Baseline Bmi

Abstract Background To investigate whether there are bi-directional associations between anxiety and mood disorders and body mass index (BMI) in a cohort of young adults. Methods We analysed data from the 2004–2006 (baseline) and 2009–2011 (follow-up) waves of the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study. Lifetime DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders were retrospectively diagnosed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Potential mediators were individually added to the base models to assess their potential role as a mediator of the associations. Results In males, presence of mood disorder history at baseline was positively associated with BMI gain (β = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.14–1.40), but baseline BMI was not associated with subsequent risk of mood disorder. Further adjustment for covariates, including dietary pattern, physical activity, and smoking reduced the coefficient (β) to 0.70 (95% CI: 0.01–1.39), suggesting that the increase in BMI was partly mediated by these factors. In females, presence of mood disorder history at baseline was not associated with subsequent weight gain, however, BMI at baseline was associated with higher risk of episode of mood disorder (RR per kg/m2: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.08), which was strengthened (RR per kg/m2 = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00–1.15) after additional adjustment in the full model. There was no significant association between anxiety and change in BMI and vice-versa. Conclusion The results do not suggest bidirectional associations between anxiety and mood disorders, and change in BMI. Interventions promoting healthy lifestyle could contribute to reducing increase in BMI associated with mood disorder in males, and excess risk of mood disorder associated with BMI in females.

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A Combined Digital and Biomarker Diagnostic Aid for Mood Disorders (the Delta Trial): Protocol for an Observational Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.18453 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tony Olmert ◽

Jason D Cooper ◽

Sung Yeon Sarah Han ◽

Giles Barton-Owen ◽

Lynn Farrag ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mood Disorders ◽

Statistical Power ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Accurate Diagnosis ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

World Health ◽

Diagnostic Aid ◽

Health Organization

BACKGROUND Mood disorders affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, imposing a substantial medical and economic burden. Existing diagnostic methods for mood disorders often result in a delay until accurate diagnosis, exacerbating the challenges of these disorders. Advances in digital tools for psychiatry and understanding the biological basis of mood disorders offer the potential for novel diagnostic methods that facilitate early and accurate diagnosis of patients. OBJECTIVE The Delta Trial was launched to develop an algorithm-based diagnostic aid combining symptom data and proteomic biomarkers to reduce the misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) as a major depressive disorder (MDD) and achieve more accurate and earlier MDD diagnosis. METHODS Participants for this ethically approved trial were recruited through the internet, mainly through Facebook advertising. Participants were then screened for eligibility, consented to participate, and completed an adaptive digital questionnaire that was designed and created for the trial on a purpose-built digital platform. A subset of these participants was selected to provide dried blood spot (DBS) samples and undertake a World Health Organization World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were chosen to maximize the safety of a trial population that was both relevant to the trial objectives and generalizable. To provide statistical power and validation sets for the primary and secondary objectives, 840 participants were required to complete the digital questionnaire, submit DBS samples, and undertake a CIDI. RESULTS The Delta Trial is now complete. More than 3200 participants completed the digital questionnaire, 924 of whom also submitted DBS samples and a CIDI, whereas a total of 1780 participants completed a 6-month follow-up questionnaire and 1542 completed a 12-month follow-up questionnaire. The analysis of the trial data is now underway. CONCLUSIONS If a diagnostic aid is able to improve the diagnosis of BD and MDD, it may enable earlier treatment for patients with mood disorders. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/18453

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Self-rated general health and psychiatric disorders in a general population sample

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.09.026 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 223-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ulrich John ◽

Christian Meyer ◽

Hans-Jürgen Rumpf ◽

Anja Schumann ◽

Horst Dilling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

General Health ◽

Somatoform Disorders ◽

Population Sample ◽

Participation Rate ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between nicotine and alcohol dependence, depressive, anxiety and somatoform disorders with self-rated general health (GH). A cohort study of a random sample of the non-institutionalised general population aged 18–64 with a participation rate of 70.2% was carried out in a German area (n = 4075 at baseline). A follow-up of tobacco smokers or heavy drinkers (n = 1083, 79.4% of those who had given consent to be followed-up) was conducted 30 months after baseline measurement. The assessments included self-ratings of GH and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) diagnoses based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The results show that nicotine dependence, anxiety disorders and somatoform disorders moderately predicted self-rated GH at follow-up (general linear model, R2 = 0.12). We conclude that psychiatric disorders may contribute to the prediction of a low self-rated GH.

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Myocardial infarction and generalised anxiety disorder: 10-year follow-up

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.111.103549 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 200 (4) ◽

pp. 324-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Annelieke M. Roest ◽

Marij Zuidersma ◽

Peter de Jonge

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽

Cardiovascular Prognosis ◽

Increased Risk ◽

And Gender

BackgroundFew studies have addressed the relationship between generalised anxiety disorder and cardiovascular prognosis using a diagnostic interview.AimsTo assess the association between generalised anxiety disorder and adverse outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction.MethodPatients with acute myocardial infarction (n = 438) were recruited between 1997 and 2000 and were followed up until 2007. Current generalised anxiety disorder and post-myocardial infarction depression were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The end-point consisted of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular-related readmissions.ResultsDuring the follow-up period, 198 patients had an adverse event. Generalised anxiety disorder was associated with an increased rate of adverse events after adjustment for age and gender (hazard ratio: 1.94; 95% confidence interval: 1.14–3.30; P = 0.01). Additional adjustment for measures of cardiac disease severity and depression did not change the results.ConclusionsGeneralised anxiety disorder was associated with an almost twofold increased risk of adverse outcomes independent demographic and clinical variables and depression.

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Bi-directional associations between healthy lifestyles and mood disorders in young adults: The Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291716000738 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (12) ◽

pp. 2535-2548 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. L. Gall ◽

K. Sanderson ◽

K. J. Smith ◽

G. Patton ◽

T. Dwyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Mood Disorder ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Health Study ◽

Healthy Lifestyles ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Physical And Mental Health

BackgroundHealthy lifestyles prevent cardiovascular disease and are increasingly recognized in relation to mental health but longitudinal studies are limited. We examined bi-directional associations between mood disorders and healthy lifestyles in a cohort followed for 5 years.MethodParticipants were aged 26–36 years at baseline (2004–2006) and 31–41 years at follow-up (2009–2011). At follow-up, lifetime mood disorders (depression or dysthymia) were retrospectively diagnosed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A five-item lifestyle score (comprising body mass index, non-smoking, alcohol consumption, leisure time physical activity and healthy diet) was measured at both time points. Linear and log multinomial regression determined if mood disorder before baseline predicted changes in lifestyle (n= 1041). Log binomial regression estimated whether lifestyle at baseline predicted new episodes of mood disorder (n= 1233). Covariates included age, sex, socio-economic position, parental and marital status, social support, major life events, cardiovascular disease history, and self-rated physical and mental health.ResultsA history of mood disorder before baseline predicted unfavourable trajectories of lifestyle over follow-up, including somewhat lower risk of improvement [relative risk (RR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56–1.03] and greater risk of worsening (RR 1.46, 95% CI 0.99–2.15) of lifestyle independent of confounding factors. Higher lifestyle scores at baseline were associated with a 22% (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.61–0.95) reduced risk of first episodes of mood disorder, independent of confounding factors.ConclusionsHealthy lifestyles and mood disorders are closely related. Our results suggest that healthy lifestyles may not only reduce cardiovascular disease but also promote mental health.

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DHA mediates the protective effect of fish consumption on new episodes of depression among women

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114517002768 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 118 (9) ◽

pp. 743-749 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John L. Reeves ◽

Petr Otahal ◽

Costan G. Magnussen ◽

Terry Dwyer ◽

Antti J. Kangas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Consumption ◽

Reference Group ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Continuous Variable ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Binomial Regression ◽

Depressive Episodes

AbstractIn a longitudinal cohort study of young Australian adults, we reported that for women higher baseline levels of fish consumption were associated with reduced incidence of new depressive episodes during the 5-year follow-up. Fish are high in bothn-3 fatty acids and tyrosine. In this study, we seek to determine whethern-3 fatty acids or tyrosine explain the observed association. During 2004–2006, a FFQ (nine fish items) was used to estimate weekly fish consumption among 546 women aged 26–36 years. A fasting blood sample was taken and high-throughput NMR spectroscopy was used to measure 233 metabolites, including serumn-3 fatty acids and tyrosine. During 2009–2011, new episodes of depression since baseline were identified using the lifetime version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Relative risks were calculated using log-binomial regression and indirect effects estimated using the STATA binary_mediation command. Potential mediators were added to separate models, and mediation was quantified as the proportion of the total effect due to the mediator. Then-3 DHA mediated 25·3 % of the association between fish consumption and depression when fish consumption was analysed as a continuous variable and 16·6 % when dichotomised (reference group: <2 serves/week). Tyrosine did not mediate the association (<0·1 %). Components in fish other thann-3 fatty acids and tyrosine might be beneficial for women’s mental health.

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The care provided by general practitioners for persistent depression

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.05.002 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 87-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Titus W.D.P. Van Os ◽

Rob H.S. Van den Brink ◽

Klaas Van der Meer ◽

Johan Ormel

Keyword(s):

General Practitioners ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Depressive Illness ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Adequate Treatment ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Primary Care Patients ◽

Persistent Depression ◽

Gp Care

AbstractPurpose.To examine the care provided by general practitioners (GPs) for persistent depressive illness and its relationship to patient, illness and consultation characteristics.Subjects and method.Using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Primary Health Care Version (CIDI-PHC) a sample of 264 patients with ICD-10 depression was identified among consecutive primary care patients in the Netherlands. At 1-year follow-up 78 of these patients (30%) still fulfilled the criteria of an ICD-10 depression and were considered persistent cases. At baseline and follow-up the GPs specified their diagnosis and treatment. The extent of recognition as a mental health problem, accuracy of diagnosis as a depression and treatment in accordance with clinical guidelines for depression was examined. In addition it was examined whether these steps in adequate GP care for persistent depression were related to patient, illness and consultation characteristics.Results.Twenty percent of the persistent depression cases were not recognized at baseline or during follow-up, 28% was recognized but not accurately diagnosed, 17% was accurately diagnosed, but did not receive adequate treatment and 35% was treated adequately. Recognition was associated with psychological reason for encounter; accurate diagnosis with absence of activity limitation days; and adequate treatment with severity of depression and higher educational level.Conclusion.Non-recognition, misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment are not limited to patients with a relatively mild and brief depression but are also prominent in patients with a persistent depression, who consulted their GP 8.2 times on average during the year their depression persisted.

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Depression as a Risk Factor for Physical Illness and Multimorbidity in a Cohort with No Prior Comorbidity: La Dépression Comme Facteur de Risque de Maladie Physique et de Multimorbidité Dans Une Cohorte Sans Comorbidité Antérieure

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0706743720974832 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 070674372097483

Author(s):

Allanah Li ◽

Laura C. Rosella ◽

Paul Kurdyak ◽

Walter P. Wodchis

Keyword(s):

Short Form ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Physical Illness ◽

Administrative Databases ◽

Annual Household Income ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Regular Doctor

Objective: This study examines whether depression is associated with the development of physical illness and multimorbidity, after controlling for socioeconomic, behavioral, and other potential confounders. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study in which adult respondents to three nationally representative population health surveys were linked to health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, and followed for 10 years from survey index. Respondents with any of the study outcome conditions at baseline were excluded to create a final cohort of 29,838 participants. The main exposure of interest was depression, measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview–Short Form for Major Depression. We controlled for age, body mass index, marital status, immigrant status, annual household income, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, health status, and having a regular doctor. The outcome measure was the development of physical illness over 10 years of follow-up, defined as 1 of 15 common chronic conditions using administrative data. Results: Among the 29,838 participants (15,259 [51%] female), 8% of females and 4% of males had depression at baseline. In this cohort with no comorbidities at baseline, even in the fully adjusted model, depression increased the risk of developing a first physical illness for females (hazard ratio [HR] 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.26) and males (HR 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.36) and increased the risk of developing a second physical illness for females (HR 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.33) over 10 years of follow-up. Conclusions: For individuals with no prior comorbidities, depression is associated with a greater risk of developing subsequent physical illness and multimorbidity over time. Thus, depression identifies a population of people who may benefit from early identification, additional screening, and intervention. Further study needs to be done to determine whether interventions to manage and support people with depression can prevent or delay the increased risk of multimorbidity.

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Diagnostic outcome of self-reported hallucinations in a community sample of adolescents

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329170200555x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 619-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 129

Author(s):

D. DHOSSCHE ◽

R. FERDINAND ◽

J. VAN DER ENDE ◽

M. B. HOFSTRA ◽

F. VERHULST

Keyword(s):

Depressive Disorders ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Community Sample ◽

Age Groups ◽

Participation Rate ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Self Report ◽

Diagnostic Outcome

Objective. We aimed to assess the diagnostic outcome of self-reported hallucinations in adolescents from the general population.Method. The sample consisted of 914 adolescents between ages 11–18 participating in an ongoing longitudinal study. The participation rate from the original sample was 70%. Responses on the Youth Self-Report questionnaire were used to ascertain hallucinations in adolescents. Eight years later, Axis 1 DSM-IV diagnoses were assessed using the 12-month version Composite International Diagnostic Interview in 783 (86%) of 914 study subjects. No subjects were diagnosed with schizophreniform disorders or schizophrenia.Results. Hallucinations were reported by 6% of adolescents and 3% of young adults. Self-reported hallucinations were associated with concurrent non-psychotic psychiatric problems in both age groups. Adolescents who reported auditory, but not visual, hallucinations, had higher rates of depressive disorders and substance use disorders, but not psychotic disorders, at follow-up, compared to controls.Conclusions. Self-reported auditory hallucinations in adolescents are markers of concurrent and future psychiatric impairment due to non-psychotic Axis 1 disorders and possibly Axis 2 disorders. It cannot be excluded that there was selective attrition of children and adolescents who developed Schizophrenic or other psychotic disorders later in life.

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