scholarly journals Time of onset and/or diagnosis of ADHD in European children: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Rocco ◽  
Barbara Corso ◽  
Maurizio Bonati ◽  
Nadia Minicuci
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour Disorder ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Significant Impairment

Abstract Background Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood neurobehavioral conditions. Symptoms related to this disorder cause a significant impairment in school tasks and in the activities of children’s daily lives; an early diagnosis and appropriate treatment could almost certainly help improve their outcomes. The current study, part of the Models Of Child Health Appraised (MOCHA) project, aims to explore the age at which children experience the onset or diagnosis of ADHD in European countries. Methods A systematic review was done examining the studies reporting the age of onset/diagnosis (AO/AD) of ADHD in European countries (28 European Member States plus 2 European Economic Area countries), published between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019. Of the 2276 identified studies, 44 met all the predefined criteria and were included in the review. Results The lowest mean AO in the children diagnosed with ADHD alone was 2.25 years and the highest was 7.5 years. It was 15.3 years in the children with ADHD and disruptive behaviour disorder. The mean AD ranges between 6.2 and 18.1 years. Conclusions Our findings indicate that there is a wide variability in both the AO and AD of ADHD, and a too large distance between AO and AD. Since studies in the literature suggest that an early identification of ADHD symptoms may facilitate early referral and treatment, it would be important to understand the underlying reasons behind the wide variability found. Trial registration PROSPERO registration: CRD42017070631.

scholarly journals Housing spaces in Europe: a comparative analysis of standards in nine European Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Raffo ◽  
L Appolloni ◽  
D D'Alessandro
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Minimum Height ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Housing Standards

Abstract Introduction In recent years, Public Health devoted a growing interest to housing conditions. In particular, housing dimensions and functional characteristics are relevant, mainly considering population ageing and disability. Aim of the study is to compare housing standards of some European countries to analyse their ability to satisfy new population needs. Methodology The dwellings dimensional standards of 9 European countries (Sweden, UK, Denmark, The Netherlands, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain and Italy) are compared. From the websites of the official channels of the various countries the regulations have been downloaded. The standards have been compared. Results A wide variability in the dimensions of room among the standards is observed (e.g. single room: from 9 sqm in Italy, to 7 sqm in France, to the absence of any limit in UK, Germany - Hesse and Denmark). Italian and French regulations define housing dimension considering the room use (eg. bed or living room) and the number of people. The Swedish regulation provides performance requirements and functional indications but does not specify the minimum dimensions of habitable rooms. The rooms' minimum height varies between the standards. In Italy and Portugal, the minimum height of the ceiling is intended to be 2.70 m, while in the other nations the minimum heights vary from 2.60 m in the Netherlands to no limit in UK. Conclusions A diverse approach among European Countries is observed: from a market-oriented logic (e.g., UK), in which minimum dimensions are not defined, to a prescriptive one (Italy), to a functionality-oriented (the Netherlands). The regulations of some Countries are health-oriented especially for most fragile social classes, since, defining larger dimensional standard, they reduce the risk of overcrowding, indoor air pollution and mental distress. However, considering the health, social, environmental and economic trends, many of these standards should be revised. Key messages Optimal housing standards promote the health and well-being of occupants. Healthy housing, healthy people.

scholarly journals Clinical presentation of strokes confined to the insula: a systematic review of literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Di Stefano ◽  
Maria Vittoria De Angelis ◽  
Chiara Montemitro ◽  
Mirella Russo ◽  
Claudia Carrarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Insula Cortex ◽  
Atypical Presentations ◽  
High Level ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Insular Region

Abstract Background and purpose The insular cortex serves a wide variety of functions in humans, ranging from sensory and affective processing to high-level cognition. Hence, insular dysfunction may result in several different presentations. Ischemic strokes limited to the insular territory are rare and deserve a better characterization, to be quickly recognized and to receive the appropriate treatment (e.g. thrombolysis). Methods We reviewed studies on patients with a first-ever acute stroke restricted to the insula. We searched in the Medline database the keywords “insular stroke” and “insular infarction”, to identify previously published cases. Afterwards, the results were divided depending on the specific insular region affected by the stroke: anterior insular cortex (AIC), posterior insular cortex (PIC) or total insula cortex (TIC). Finally, a review of the clinical correlates associated with each region was performed. Results We identified 25 reports including a total of 49 patients (59.7 ± 15.5 years, 48% male) from systematic review of the literature. The most common clinical phenotypes were motor and somatosensory deficits, dysarthria, aphasia and a vestibular-like syndrome. Atypical presentations were also common and included dysphagia, awareness deficits, gustatory disturbances, dysautonomia, neuropsychiatric or auditory disturbances and headache. Conclusions The clinical presentation of insular strokes is heterogeneous; however, an insular stroke should be suspected when vestibular-like, somatosensory, speech or language disturbances are combined in the same patient. Further studies are needed to improve our understanding of more atypical presentations.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjen L Sutterland ◽  
David A Mounir ◽  
Juul J Ribbens ◽  
Bouke Kuiper ◽  
Tom van Gool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Abstract Schizophrenia is associated with an increased prevalence of IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii seropositivity), whereby the infection seems to precede the disorder. However, it remains unclear whether a T. gondii infection affects clinical characteristics of schizophrenia. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines examining the association between T. gondii seropositivity and severity of total, positive, or negative symptoms or age of onset in schizophrenia. PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo were systematically searched up to June 23, 2019 (PROSPERO #CRD42018087766). Random-effects models were used for analysis. Furthermore, the influence of potential moderators was analyzed. Indications for publication bias were examined. From a total of 934 reports, 13 studies were included. No overall effect on severity of total, positive, or negative symptoms was found. However, in patients with a shorter duration of illness T. gondii seropositivity was associated with more severe positive symptoms (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.32; P < .001). Similar but smaller effects were seen for total symptoms, while it was absent for negative symptoms. Additionally, a significantly higher age of onset was found in those with T. gondii seropositivity (1.8 y, P = .015), although this last finding was probably influenced by publication bias and study quality. Taken together, these findings indicate that T. gondii infection has a modest effect on the severity of positive and total symptoms in schizophrenia among those in the early stages of the disorder. This supports the hypothesis that T. gondii infection is causally related to schizophrenia, although more research remains necessary.

Is Incisura Fibularis a Reliable Landmark for Assessing Syndesmotic Stability? A Systematic Review of Morphometric Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akilesh Anand Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anatomical Landmark ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Levels Of Evidence ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Important Landmark ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Incisura fibularis (IF) is an important landmark in assessing syndesmotic stability radiologically postinjury. The purpose of this review was to explore the anatomy and morphometrics of this widely used anatomical landmark and to further the understanding of the same. A systematic review was conducted online using PubMed and Google Scholar, per PRISMA guidelines. Predefined eligibility criteria were applied, and the data thus compiled were analyzed. Wide variability in morphometrics and, thus, anatomy of IF were observed in the present review, which was influenced by gender. There was no side-to-side variability seen in this study. The study stresses the need to consider the anatomical and gender-based variability while assessing syndesmotic stability and further supports the recommendation of side-to-side comparison. Levels of Evidence: Anatomical, Level V

Rapid On-Site Evaluation of Fine-Needle Aspiration by Non-Cytopathologists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies for Adequacy Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Pearson ◽  
Rachel E. Factor ◽  
Sandra K. White ◽  
Brandon S. Walker ◽  
Lester J. Layfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Site Evaluation ◽  
Adequacy Assessment

Objective: Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) has been shown to improve adequacy rates and reduce needle passes. ROSE is often performed by cytopathologists who have limited availability and may be costlier than alternatives. Several recent studies examined the use of alternative evaluators (AEs) for ROSE. A summary of this information could help inform guidelines regarding the use of AEs. The objective was to assess the accuracy of AEs compared to cytopathologists in assessing the adequacy of specimens during ROSE. Study Design: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reporting and study quality were assessed using the STARD guidelines and QUADAS-2. All steps were performed independently by two evaluators. Summary estimates were obtained using the hierarchal method in Stata v14. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Higgins’ I2 statistic. Results: The systematic review identified 13 studies that were included in the meta-analysis. Summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity for AEs were 97% (95% CI: 92–99%) and 83% (95% CI: 68–92%). There was wide variation in accuracy statistics between studies (I2 = 0.99). Conclusions: AEs sometimes have accuracy that is close to cytopathologists. However, there is wide variability between studies, so it is not possible to provide a broad guideline regarding the use of AEs.

The process of formation and development of an academic field: the example of sport migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Jeferson Roberto Rojo ◽  
Carlos Henrique de Vasconcellos Ribeiro ◽  
Fernando Augusto Starepravo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
English Speaking

This research aims to analyze the academic field of knowledge production on the theme of sport migration, highlighting the main authors, institutions, and countries of origin of the knowledge produced. For this, a systematic review was used in three key international databases. A total of 190 manuscripts were identified that dealt with the theme, and it was observed that the rate of knowledge production increased after the 1990s. It was also determined that the theme received important contributions from authors linked to UK institutions. It was concluded that the scientific field of the theme of sport migration has a centrality in English-speaking nations and European countries and could benefit from greater attention being paid to the knowledge output from peripheral countries or researchers from these locations.

Systematic Review of Pre-Injury Migraine Disorder as a Risk Factor for Worse Outcome Following Sport-Related Concussion

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 754-754
Author(s):  
D P Terry ◽  
A J Gardner ◽  
G L Iverson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Sport Athlete ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

Abstract Purpose This systematic review examined clinical outcomes (i.e., prognosis) following a sport-related concussion in athletes who have a pre-injury history of migraines. Clinical recovery was defined functionally as recovery from symptoms or full return to activities following injury. Data Selection All studies published prior to February 2019 that addressed pre-injury migraines as a possible predictor of clinical recovery from concussion were included. Broadly, the search included (i) sport/athlete-related terms, (ii) concussion-related terms, and (iii) diverse predictor/modifier terms. The following databases were utilized: PubMed, PsycINFO®, MEDLINE®, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science. After removing duplicates from the 9,372 identified articles, 5,888 abstracts were screened, 358 full-text articles were reviewed, and 15 articles examining pre-injury migraines as a predictor of recovery were included. Data Synthesis Most articles examined pre-injury migraines as an exploratory/secondary predictor of concussion outcome. Migraine history was predominantly based on self-report. Studies included minimal other information about this condition (e.g., age of onset, migraine frequency/severity, past treatment). Methodological rigor varied greatly across studies. Most studies did not find pre-injury migraines to be associated with concussion outcome, but several of these studies had small or very small sample sizes. Larger, better-designed studies suggested pre-injury migraines may be a risk factor for worse concussion outcome. Effect sizes were rarely reported or able to be calculated. Conclusion There is some evidence to suggest pre-injury migraines may be a vulnerability factor for a prolonged recovery following concussion. Future studies should focus on improving methodological quality when assessing the relationship between pre-injury migraines and concussion outcome.

A Systematic Review of the Use of Social Media as a Recruitment Tool on the Social Ethical and Privacy Context

2020 ◽  
pp. 226-255
Author(s):  
Ghadah Althawwad
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
The Social ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
Recruitment Tool ◽  
The Impact

The influence of social media such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter plays an increasingly influential role in the daily lives of people. Despite the rise of interest in this topic, the research discussing the ethical concerns of using social media for recruitment purposes remains in exploratory stages. This chapter provides a systematic review of recent research that was published from 2012 to 2018 and focused on ethical issues related to the use of social media for recruitment purposes. The techno-ethical lens, which studies the impact of technology on ethics, was used to explore the social and ethical aspects of how recruiters use social media for recruitment purposes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of α1-antitrypsin PiZZ genotypes in patients with COPD in Europe: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (157) ◽  
pp. 200014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Blanco ◽  
Isidro Diego ◽  
Patricia Bueno ◽  
Sergio Pérez-Holanda ◽  
Francisco Casas-Maldonado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Inverse Distance

The percentage of α1-antitrypsin protease inhibitor ZZ (PiZZ) genotypes in patients with COPD is controversial, with large differences among various studies. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of PiZZ in COPD patients from 20 European countries with available data, according to the number of PiZZ and COPD individuals in each country.A systematic review was conducted to select European countries with reliable data on the prevalence of PiZZ and COPD. We created a database with the following data: 1) total population and population aged ≥40 years according to the Eurostat database; 2) number and 95% CI of PiZZ patients aged ≥40 years; 3) application of a conversion factor of genetic penetrance of 60%; 4) number of COPD individuals, with 95% CI, aged ≥40 years; and 5) calculation of the PiZZ/COPD ratio. Finally, results were presented using an Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation map.We found 36 298 (95% CI 23 643–56 594) PiZZ individuals at high risk and 30 849 709 (95% CI 21 411 293–40 344 496) COPD patients, with a PiZZ/COPD ratio of 0.12% (range 0.08–0.24%), and a prevalence of 1 out of 408 in Northern, 1 out of 944 in Western, 1 out of 1051 in Central, 1 out of 711 in Southern, and 1 out of 1274 in Eastern Europe.These data may be useful to plan strategies for future research and diagnosis, and to rationalise the available therapeutic resources.

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