scholarly journals Prevalence of prehypertension and associated risk factors among Chinese adults from a large-scale multi-ethnic population survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Xu ◽  
Junting Liu ◽  
Guangjin Zhu ◽  
Junxiu Liu ◽  
Shaomei Han
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Ethnic Population ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Recurrent Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Current Understanding, Management, and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristel K. Leung ◽  
Maya Deeb ◽  
Sandra E. Fischer ◽  
Aliya Gulamhusein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractPatients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) constitute 5 to 15% of patients listed for liver transplantation worldwide. Although post-transplant outcomes are favorable, recurrent PSC (rPSC) occurs in an important subset of patients, with higher prevalence rates reported with increasing time from transplant. Given its association with poor graft outcomes and risk of retransplant, effort has been made to understand rPSC, its pathophysiology, and risk factors. This review covers these facets of rPSC and focuses on implicated risk factors including pretransplant recipient characteristics, inflammatory bowel-disease-related factors, and donor-specific and transplant-specific factors. Confirming a diagnosis of rPSC requires thoughtful consideration of alternative etiologies so as to ensure confidence in diagnosis, management, subsequent risk assessment, and counseling for patients. Unfortunately, no cure exists for rPSC; however, future large-scale efforts are underway to better characterize the natural history of rPSC and its associated risk factors with hopes of identifying potential key targets for novel therapies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes and associated risk factors: Evidence from the large-scale surveys in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 028-036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saddaf Akhtar ◽  
Preeti Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Context: India has observed the most devastating increases in the burden of diabetes in the contemporary era. However, so far, the comparable prevalence of diabetes is only available for limited geography. Aims: The present paper provides comparable estimates of diabetes prevalence in states and districts of India and examines the associated risk factors with newly diagnosed and self-reported diabetes. Setting and Design: The study uses clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical data from District Level Household and Facility Survey (2012–2013) and Annual Health Survey (2014). Subjects and Methods: The paper analyses the information on glucose level of the blood sample and defines diabetes as per the World Health Organization (1999) criteria. It applies multinomial logistic regression to identify the risk factors of diabetes. Results: The study estimates 7% adults with diabetes in India, with a higher level in urban (9.8%) than in the rural area (5.7%), a higher proportion of males (7.1%) than females (6.8%). Widowed, older persons, and persons with high blood pressure have very high risk of both diagnosed and self-reported diabetes. Comparing to Hindus, Muslims and Christians have higher, and Sikhs have less risk of diabetes. Further, corresponding to general caste, scheduled castes, and other backward classes have a high risk of newly diagnosed but the lower risk of self-reported diabetes. Conclusions: The list of districts and states with alarming diabetes prevalence is the valuable information for further programs and research. A significant population with undiagnosed diabetes reflects an urgent need to strengthen the diagnostics at the local level and for those who need them most.

scholarly journals Identifying the Most Common CrossFit Injuries in a Variety of Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 117957271989706
Author(s):  
Kirill Alekseyev ◽  
Alex John ◽  
Andrew Malek ◽  
Malcolm Lakdawala ◽  
Nikhil Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Expertise Level ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: CrossFit is an increasingly popular, rapidly growing exercise regimen. Few studies have evaluated CrossFit-associated musculoskeletal injuries on a large scale. This study explores such injuries and associated risk factors in detail. Objective: To identify the most common musculoskeletal injuries endured during CrossFit training among athletes at different levels of expertise. Design: Survey-based retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting: Distribution at CrossFit gyms in the United States and internationally. Also published on active online forums. Participants: A total of 885 former and current CrossFit athletes. Methods: Institutional review board-approved 33-question Web-based survey focused on CrossFit injuries and associated risk factors. Survey submissions were accepted for a period of 6 months. Main outcome measurements: Specific injuries with associated workouts, risk factors that affected injury including (1) basic demographics, (2) regional differences in reported injuries, (3) training intensity, and (4) expertise level at time of injury. Results: Of the 885 respondents, 295 (33.3%) were injured. The most common injuries involved the back (95/295, 32.2%) and shoulder (61/295, 20.7%). The most common exercises that caused injury were squats (65/295, 22.0%) and deadlifts (53/295, 18.0%). Advanced-level (64/295, 21.7%) athletes were more significantly injured than beginner-level (40/295, 13.6%) athletes. International participants were 2.2 times more likely than domestic US participants to suffer injury. Individuals with 3+ years of CrossFit experience were 3.3 times more likely to be injured than those with 2 or less years of experience. Participants who trained for 11+ h/week were significantly more likely to be injured than those who trained less than or equal to 10 h/week. Conclusions: As CrossFit becomes more popular, it is important to monitor the safety of its practitioners. Further studies are needed to explore how to lower this injury prevalence of 33.3%. Areas to focus on include factors that have caused the regional (international vs US states) differences, level of expertise/experience differences (advanced level vs intermediate and beginner levels), and stretching routine modifications.

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis in some parts of Plateau State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
D. Bitrus ◽  
R. Weka ◽  
R. Yakubu ◽  
I.N. Ogo ◽  
J. Kamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Antibody Elisa ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Livestock, pets and companion animals in developing nations are plagued with several infectious diseases some of them with zoonotic potentials. Echinococcosis which is a neglected zoonotic parasitic disease is one of such diseases that affect domestic animals and man with serious health and economic impacts. A cross-sectional questionnaire and serological survey was conducted on human subjects from four Local Government Areas (LGA) of Plateau State, Nigeria, to determine knowledge, attitude and practice and their level of exposure to E. granulosus infection. Sera from 181 human subjects recruited for this study were screened for IgG antibodies to E. granulosus using a commercial ELISA kit. Overall, 6 out of the 181 (3.3%) tested sera were positive. Seropositivity was associated with subjects below 10 years (OR=5.6), study location (OR=1.8), and scavenging behaviour of dogs (OR= 1.5), but not with gender of dog owners (OR=0.7), dog ownership (OR=0.6), dog deworming practice (OR=0.3) or the use of slaughter facility and meat inspection (OR=0.6). Ignorance about the transmission cycle of E. granulosus coupled with unhygienic practices are the main risk factors for the perpetuation of the disease in the study-communities. Sensitization, awareness creation and advocacy for hygienic  practises among the communities are recommended, as a short term measure while large scale studies to determine the true prevalence and therisk factors of the disease will form the basis for possible future control measures. Keywords: Seroprevalence; Echinococcus granulosus; antibody; ELISA; human; Plateau State.

scholarly journals High prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among rural Chinese adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Zhe Sun ◽  
Zhao Li ◽  
Liang Guo ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Hong-Mei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Eczema among adults: prevalence, risk factors and relation to airway diseases. Results from a large-scale population survey in Sweden

2012 ◽  
Vol 166 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P. Rönmark ◽  
L. Ekerljung ◽  
J. Lötvall ◽  
G. Wennergren ◽  
E. Rönmark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Scale Population

scholarly journals Blood lead levels and their associated risk factors in Chinese adults from 1980 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 112294
Author(s):  
Yanan Li ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Shuhua Bu ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Xue Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Equine Glanders in Selected Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 504-508
Author(s):  
Awais-Ur-Rehman Sial
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
The North ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Glanders is highly contagious and zoonotic bacterial disease of equines caused by Burkholderia mallei. Since many decades, glanders is endemic in eastern parts (Punjab) of Pakistan and has no information of disease in the north-western region (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa – KPK). Therefore, present study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors in two draft equine populated districts (Charsada and Peshawar) of KPK. A total of 393 equine samples originating from different localities of study area were investigated for anti-B. mallei antibodies (glanders) using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ID Vet, Grabels France). The overall seroprevalence was found to be 3.1% (95% CI: 1.6-5.3) which remained insignificantly (χ2 0.421, P=0.516) between the two districts. In Charsada, prevalence estimates varied significantly (χ2 11.986, P=0.017) among 5 localities and found insignificant (χ2 1.287, P=0.732) in different sampling areas of Peshawar district. Donkeys were more seropositive (4.1%; 4/195) than horses (2.1%; 8/194) which did not differ statistically (χ2 1.397, P=0.237) and all mules were tested negative. Prevalence slight increased with age of animals (>10 years) and with poor body conditions. Donkeys were more test positive (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 0.61-6.94) than horses and similarly animals managed on communal feeding (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 0.23-14.5) and water troughs (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 0.21-13.04) had more chances of contracting glanders. Multivariable model indicated donkeys (OR: 4.58, 95% CI: 1.0, 20.9) and equines above 10 years of age (OR: 3.10, 95% CI: 0.7-13.3) were more likely to test positive for glanders. In conclusion, present study provides prevalence estimates of equine glanders in KPK regions, which appears to be an area of endemicity. Future large-scale investigations are seriously warranted in other equine populated districts before implementing an effective control plan for glanders

Chinese Adults Are More Susceptible to Effects of Overall Obesity and Fat Distribution on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruizhi Zheng ◽  
Mian Li ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Jieli Lu ◽  
Tiange Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Ethnic Population ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Context The body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as diagnostic tools of obesity do not reflect the same level of fat mass and whether obesity leads to various effects on cardiometabolic risk factors among different racial/ethnic population is unknown. Objective The study aims to address the multicollinearity between BMI and WC by using the residual model approach and to assess and compare the effects of obesity metrics on cardiometabolic risk factors among different races/ethnicities. Design, setting, and participants Data from a nationally representative sample of mainland Chinese adults collected in 2010 and data from the National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey 2005-2016 were used. By conducting a regression analysis between WC and BMI, the variation of BMI was removed from WC measures and residual of WC was obtained. The associations between obesity metrics and cardiometabolic risk factors were compared among different races/ethnicities by sex. Results The residual WC was significantly associated with all the cardiometabolic risk factors in mainland Chinese, and most of the factors in non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black adults, but not in the other races/ethnicities. The standardized regression coefficients of the associations between obesity metrics and cardiometabolic factors showed that the obesity metrics had greater impact on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and triglyceride in Chinese adults than those of other racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions Chinese adults are more susceptible to the effects of overall obesity and fat distribution on cardiometabolic risk factors than the other racial/ethnic population.

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