scholarly journals Sustained adherence to a Mediterranean diet and physical activity on all-cause mortality in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study: application of the g-formula

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Williamson ◽  
Julia Polak ◽  
Julie A. Simpson ◽  
Graham G. Giles ◽  
Dallas R. English ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
High Physical Activity ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Adherence to a traditional Mediterranean diet has been associated with lower mortality and cardiovascular disease risk. The relative importance of diet compared to other lifestyle factors and effects of dietary patterns over time remains unknown. Methods We used the parametric G-formula to account for time-dependent confounding, in order to assess the relative importance of diet compared to other lifestyle factors and effects of dietary patterns over time. We included healthy Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study participants attending a visit during 1995–1999. Questionnaires assessed diet and physical activity at each of three study waves. Deaths were identified by linkage to national registries. We estimated mortality risk over approximately 14 years (1995–2011). Results Of 22,213 participants, 2163 (9.7%) died during 13.6 years median follow-up. Sustained high physical activity and adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet resulted in an estimated reduction in all-cause mortality of 1.82 per 100 people (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03, 3.6). The population attributable fraction was 13% (95% CI: 4, 23%) for sustained high physical activity, 7% (95% CI: − 3, 17%) for sustained adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet and 18% (95% CI: 0, 36%) for their combination. Conclusions A small reduction in mortality may be achieved by sustained elevated physical activity levels in healthy middle-aged adults, but there may be comparatively little gain from increasing adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet.

scholarly journals Adherence to Mediterranean Diet, Physical Activity and Survival after Prostate Cancer Diagnosis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Matteo Di Maso ◽  
Livia S. A. Augustin ◽  
Federica Toffolutti ◽  
Carmen Stocco ◽  
Luigino Dal Maso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
High Physical Activity ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
The Mediterranean

Despite the considerable number of studies investigating the Mediterranean diet in prostate cancer (PCa) etiology, very few focused on cancer survival. We assessed the pre-diagnostic diet and physical activity in a cohort of 777 men with PCa diagnosed between 1995 and 2002 in north-eastern Italy; adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated through the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Hazard ratios (HR) of death with confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using the Cox model, adjusting for potential confounders. During 10 years of follow-up, 208 patients (26.8%) died, 75 (9.7%) due to PCa. Patients reporting MDS ≥ 5 showed a higher overall survival than those with MDS < 5 (HR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.56–0.99). Although high physical activity was not significantly associated with overall survival (HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.59–1.07), the HR for all-cause death was the lowest (HR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.38–0.90) for men reporting MDS ≥ 5 and high physical activity compared to those reporting MDS < 5 and low/moderate physical activity. No association emerged for PCa specific survival. Study findings support the beneficial impact of pre-diagnostic adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical activity on overall survival; they are mainly driven by risk reduction in non-prostate cancer mortality, which however accounts for about 80% of death in men with PCa.

scholarly journals The Mediterranean diet and physical activity: better together than apart for the prevention of premature mortality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Maria Soledad Hershey ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martínez-González ◽  
Ismael Álvarez-Álvarez ◽  
José Alfredo Martínez Hernández ◽  
Miguel Ruiz-Canela
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Diet and physical activity (PA) have been studied extensively in epidemiology as single or combined lifestyle factors; however, their interaction has not been studied thoroughly. Studying potential synergisms between lifestyle components with a comprehensive interaction analysis, including additive measures of interaction, provides key insights into the nature of their joint effect and helps target interventions more effectively. First, a comprehensive review was conducted to assess the potential research gap regarding reported interaction analyses conducted in studies assessing the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in combination with PA on all-cause mortality. Thereafter, we prospectively assessed the joint association of the MedDiet with PA on all-cause mortality in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort, followed by both multiplicative and additive interaction analyses. The conjoint effect of low adherence to the MedDiet and low PA observed an increased risk greater than the individual risk factors, suggesting a potential additive interaction or synergism between both exposures, with relative risk due to interaction (RERI) and (95 % confidence interval (95 % CI)) = 0·46 (–0·83 to 1·75) and attributable proportion (95 % CI) due to interaction of 36 % (–0·62, 1·34). No multiplicative interaction was detected. Studying interactions between lifestyle factors, such as the MedDiet and PA, is particularly relevant given the current research gaps in studying the complexities of combined aspects of lifestyle in comparison with isolated behaviours. Our findings underline the important public health message of adhering to both the MedDiet and PA for the prevention of premature mortality.

Cognitive Impairment and Physical Activity in Old Age: The Impact on All-Cause Mortality in a 15-Year Follow-Up of the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erico Castro-Costa ◽  
Jerson Laks ◽  
Cecilia Godoi Campos ◽  
Josélia OA Firmo ◽  
Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Old Age ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Social support, adherence to Mediterranean diet and physical activity in adults: results from a community-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elpiniki Laiou ◽  
Iro Rapti ◽  
Georgios Markozannes ◽  
Luisella Cianferotti ◽  
Lena Fleig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Network Support ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Social Network Support

Abstract There is a growing recognition that social support can potentially exert consistent or opposing effects in influencing health behaviours. The present paper presents a cross-sectional study, including 2,064 adults from Italy, Spain and Greece, who were participants in a multi-centre randomised controlled trial (C4H study), aiming to examine whether social support is correlated with adherence to a healthy Mediterranean diet and physical activity. Social support data were available for 1,572 participants. The majority of the sample reported emotional support availability (84·5 %), financial support availability (72·6 %) and having one or more close friends (78·2 %). Mediterranean diet adherence was significantly associated with emotional support (P = 0·009) and social network support (P = 0·021). No statistically significant associations were found between participant physical activity and the social support aspects studied. In conclusion, emotional and social network support may be associated with increased adherence to the Mediterranean diet. However, further research is needed to evaluate the role of social support in adherence to healthy Mediterranean diet.

scholarly journals The associations of dietary patterns with all-cause mortality and other lifestyle factors in the elderly: An age-specific prospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Zhao ◽  
Shigekazu Ukawa ◽  
Emiko Okada ◽  
Kenji Wakai ◽  
Takashi Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
All Cause Mortality

scholarly journals Implications of parental lifestyle changes and education level on adolescent offspring weight: a population based cohort study - The HUNT Study, Norway

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e023406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit Naess ◽  
Erik R Sund ◽  
Turid Lingaas Holmen ◽  
Kirsti Kvaløy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveObesity tends to cluster in families reflecting both common genetics and shared lifestyle patterns within the family environment. The aim of this study was to examine whether parental lifestyle changes over time, exemplified by changes in weight and physical activity, could affect offspring weight in adolescents and if parental education level influenced the relationship.Design, setting and participantsThe population-based cohort study included 4424 parent-offspring participants from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, Norway. Exposition was parental change in weight and physical activity over 11 years, and outcome was offspring weight measured in z-scores of body mass index (BMI) in mixed linear models.ResultsMaternal weight reduction by 2–6 kg was significantly associated with lower offspring BMI z-scores: −0.132 (95% CI −0.259 to −0.004) in the model adjusted for education. Parental weight change displayed similar effect patterns on offspring weight regardless of parents’ education level. Further, BMI was consistently lower in families of high education compared with low education in the fully adjusted models. In mothers, reduced physical activity level over time was associated with higher BMI z-scores in offspring: 0.159 (95% CI 0.030 to 0.288). Associations between physical activity change and adolescent BMI was not moderated by parental education levels.ConclusionLifestyle changes in mothers were associated with offspring BMI; reduced weight with lower—and reduced physical activity with higher BMI. Father’s lifestyle changes, however, did not significantly affect adolescent offspring’s weight. Overall, patterns of association between parental changes and offspring’s BMI were independent of parental education levels, though adolescents with parents with high education had lower weight in general.

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