scholarly journals Defining and deconstructing girl child marriage and applications to global public health

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvette Efevbera ◽  
Jacqueline Bhabha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
And Gender

Abstract An estimated 650 million girls and women alive today married before their 18th birthday. Referred to as girl child marriage, the formal or informal union of the girl-child before age 18, the practice is increasingly recognized as a key roadblock to global health, development, and gender equality. Although more research than ever has focused on girl child marriage, an important gap remains in deconstructing the construct. Through an extensive review of primary and secondary sources, including legal documents, peer-reviewed articles, books, and grey literature across disciplines, we explore what the term “girl child marriage” means and why it more accurately captures current global efforts than other terms like early, teenage, or adolescent marriage. To do this, we dive into different framings on marriage, children, and gender. We find that there has been historical change in the understanding of girl child marriage in published literature since the late 1800s, and that it is a political, sociocultural, and value-laden term that serves a purpose in different contexts at different moments in time. The lack of harmonized terminology, particularly in the global public health, prevents alignment amongst different stakeholders in understanding what the problem is in order to determine how to measure it and create solutions on how to address it. Our intent is to encourage more intentional use of language in global public health research.

Determinants, Attitudes and Practices on Child Marriage: Evidences from Rural Rajasthan

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1and2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Azeez E.P. ◽  
Amit Poonia
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
And Gender

Rajasthan State is one of the hotspots of child marriages in India. A large number of children especially girl child get married before attaining the legal age and even before the occurrence of physical maturity. The magnitude of the age-old tradition has decreased in many regions in comparison to the last decade of 20th century. But still the diminishment of the child marriage is not promising and it exists as one of the major social concerns. The very existence of child marriage has multifaceted effects on the individuals who victimized for it. The glaring gender disparity and gender biased issues are also one of the products of early marriages.

scholarly journals Conceptualising natural and quasi experiments in public health

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank de Vocht ◽  
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi ◽  
Cheryl McQuire ◽  
Kate Tilling ◽  
Matthew Hickman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Target Trial ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Natural or quasi experiments are appealing for public health research because they enable the evaluation of events or interventions that are difficult or impossible to manipulate experimentally, such as many policy and health system reforms. However, there remains ambiguity in the literature about their definition and how they differ from randomized controlled experiments and from other observational designs. We conceptualise natural experiments in the context of public health evaluations and align the study design to the Target Trial Framework. Methods A literature search was conducted, and key methodological papers were used to develop this work. Peer-reviewed papers were supplemented by grey literature. Results Natural experiment studies (NES) combine features of experiments and non-experiments. They differ from planned experiments, such as randomized controlled trials, in that exposure allocation is not controlled by researchers. They differ from other observational designs in that they evaluate the impact of events or process that leads to differences in exposure. As a result they are, in theory, less susceptible to bias than other observational study designs. Importantly, causal inference relies heavily on the assumption that exposure allocation can be considered ‘as-if randomized’. The target trial framework provides a systematic basis for evaluating this assumption and the other design elements that underpin the causal claims that can be made from NES. Conclusions NES should be considered a type of study design rather than a set of tools for analyses of non-randomized interventions. Alignment of NES to the Target Trial framework will clarify the strength of evidence underpinning claims about the effectiveness of public health interventions.

scholarly journals Utilizing asynchronous email interviews for health research: overview of benefits and drawbacks

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Amri ◽  
Christina Angelakis ◽  
Dilani Logan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Data Accuracy ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Face To Face

Abstract Objective Through collating observations from various studies and complementing these findings with one author’s study, a detailed overview of the benefits and drawbacks of asynchronous email interviewing is provided. Through this overview, it is evident there is great potential for asynchronous email interviews in the broad field of health, particularly for studies drawing on expertise from participants in academia or professional settings, those across varied geographical settings (i.e. potential for global public health research), and/or in circumstances when face-to-face interactions are not possible (e.g. COVID-19). Results Benefits of asynchronous email interviewing and additional considerations for researchers are discussed around: (i) access transcending geographic location and during restricted face-to-face communications; (ii) feasibility and cost; (iii) sampling and inclusion of diverse participants; (iv) facilitating snowball sampling and increased transparency; (v) data collection with working professionals; (vi) anonymity; (vii) verification of participants; (viii) data quality and enhanced data accuracy; and (ix) overcoming language barriers. Similarly, potential drawbacks of asynchronous email interviews are also discussed with suggested remedies, which centre around: (i) time; (ii) participant verification and confidentiality; (iii) technology and sampling concerns; (iv) data quality and availability; and (v) need for enhanced clarity and precision.

scholarly journals Sex- and gender-sensitive public health research: an analysis of research proposals in a research institute in the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Lisanne Jeannine van Hagen ◽  
Maaike Muntinga ◽  
Yolande Appelman ◽  
Petra Verdonk
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Research Institute

scholarly journals Proposal for the Development and Addition of a Cybersecurity Assessment Section into Technology Involving Global Public Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-61
Author(s):  
Stanley Mierzwa ◽  
◽  
Saumya RamaRao ◽  
Jung Ah Yun ◽  
Bok Gyo Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Security Risk Assessment

This paper discusses and proposes the inclusion of a cyber or security risk assessment section during the course of public health initiatives involving the use of information and communication computer technology. Over the last decade, many public health research efforts have included information technologies such as Mobile Health (mHealth), Electronic Health (eHealth), Telehealth, and Digital Health to assist with unmet global development health needs. This paper provides a background on the lack of documentation on cybersecurity risks or vulnerability assessments in global public health areas. This study suggests existing frameworks and policies be adopted for public health. We also propose to incorporate a simple assessment toolbox and a research paper section intended to help minimize cybersecurity and information security risks for public, non-profit, and healthcare organizations.

scholarly journals “The People Who Write to Us Are the People Who Don't Like Us”: Class, Gender, and Citizenship in the Survey of Sickness, 1943–1952

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Payling
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
And Gender ◽  
British State ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe Second World War and the rise of social medicine in 1940s Britain reframed population health as a social problem in need of state investigation. The resulting government inquiry, the Survey of Sickness, sampled the whole adult population of England and Wales, engaging a broad and diverse cross-section in public health research for the first time. Complaints made against the Survey of Sickness reveal a complex set of relationships between different sections of the public and the British state. This article situates complaints about privacy, liberty, and wasted resources, as well as challenges to the authority of survey fieldworkers, in the context of wider resistance to postwar controls. By viewing these protests and criticisms in light of the material circumstances of the people who made them, this article argues that, for those with social, economic, and political capital, the role of the public in public health was up for negotiation in postwar Britain. The everyday politics of the survey's doorstep encounters were heavily influenced by gendered notions of home and citizenship. This exploration of how different sections of the public were constructed by public health and how they responded to that construction describes the hierarchies of expertise under formation while illuminating how class and gender informed contemporary understandings of citizenship in the emerging postwar British state.

scholarly journals Developing an academia-based public health observatory: the new global public health observatory with emphasis on urban health at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Castillo-Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Operational Research ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Geographic Coverage ◽  
School Of Public Health ◽  
And Training

Abstract Health observatories may differ according to their mission, institutional setting, topical emphasis or geographic coverage. This paper discusses the development of a new urban-focused health observatory, and its operational research and training infrastructure under the academic umbrella of the Department of Epidemiology and the Institute of Urban Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (BSPH) in Baltimore, USA. Recognizing the higher education mission of the BSPH, the development of a new professional training in public health was an important first step for the development of this observatory. This new academia-based observatory is an innovative public health research and training platform offering faculty, investigators, professional epidemiology students and research partners a physical and methodological infrastructure for their operational research and training activities with both a local urban focus and a global reach. The concept of a public health observatory and its role in addressing social health inequalities in local urban settings is discussed.

scholarly journals Balancing the benefits and risks of public–private partnerships to address the global double burden of malnutrition

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivica I Kraak ◽  
Paige B Harrigan ◽  
Mark Lawrence ◽  
Paul J Harrison ◽  
Michaela A Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Food System ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Nutrition ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition

AbstractObjectiveTransnational food, beverage and restaurant companies, and their corporate foundations, may be potential collaborators to help address complex public health nutrition challenges. While UN system guidelines are available for private-sector engagement, non-governmental organizations (NGO) have limited guidelines to navigate diverse opportunities and challenges presented by partnering with these companies through public–private partnerships (PPP) to address the global double burden of malnutrition.DesignWe conducted a search of electronic databases, UN system websites and grey literature to identify resources about partnerships used to address the global double burden of malnutrition. A narrative summary provides a synthesis of the interdisciplinary literature identified.ResultsWe describe partnership opportunities, benefits and challenges; and tools and approaches to help NGO engage with the private sector to address global public health nutrition challenges. PPP benefits include: raising the visibility of nutrition and health on policy agendas; mobilizing funds and advocating for research; strengthening food-system processes and delivery systems; facilitating technology transfer; and expanding access to medications, vaccines, healthy food and beverage products, and nutrition assistance during humanitarian crises. PPP challenges include: balancing private commercial interests with public health interests; managing conflicts of interest; ensuring that co-branded activities support healthy products and healthy eating environments; complying with ethical codes of conduct; assessing partnership compatibility; and evaluating partnership outcomes.ConclusionsNGO should adopt a systematic and transparent approach using available tools and processes to maximize benefits and minimize risks of partnering with transnational food, beverage and restaurant companies to effectively target the global double burden of malnutrition.

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