scholarly journals University students’ perceptions of airborne infection control: exploratory study using Q methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seonhye Lee ◽  
Hyun Jin Kim ◽  
Chang Heon Cheong
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
University Students ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Type I ◽  
Infection Management ◽  
Airborne Infection

Abstract Background International cooperation for infection control is important to prevent global pandemics. University students were difficult groups to manage of infection control measures. They often had overconfidence to their health, ineffective personal hygiene, and active social activities. Their misperceptions and inappropriate preventive behaviors increase the infection risks to university and community. Understanding university students’ perceptions of airborne infection management will contribute to the establishment of relevant policies and health education programs. Method This study explored subjective perceptions of airborne infection among university students in South Korea using Q-methodology. Forty university students representing different majors ranked a set of 33 statements reflecting their perceptions of airborne infection. They sorted the statements into a distribution on seven scales ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree.” Collected data were analyzed by the PC-QUANL program. The subjective perception types were extracted by using the principal component analysis. Results Four type are derived regardingperception of airborne infection: Type I (Government responsibility), Type II (Personal responsibility in self-management), Type III (Strict external management) and Type IV (Comprehensive countermeasures management). Thesefour types accounted for 45.6% of the total variance, and the individual contributions of Types I, II, III, and IV were 27.7, 7.6, 6.2, and 4.1%, respectively. Conclusion The major contribution of this study is to clarify university students’ perceptions of airborne infection. These findings can be used in formulating effective strategies for health education, media reporting, and public health policy to improve airborne infection management.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Infection Control Measures in a Public Sector Dental Hospital of Peshawar

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdullah ◽  
Saira Afridi ◽  
Syed Imran Gillani
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Infection Control Measure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Dental Hospital

Objective:To evaluate infection control measure in a public sector dental hospital of Peshawar.Methodology:It was a cross sectional study conducted in Khyber college of Dentistry. Study subjects were Dental health care providers who were willing to participate in the study. A structured questionnaire was designed that included various categories of infection control. Data was entered into SPSS version 17. Descriptive statistics were applied and frequencies and percentages were obtained.Results:The results from the data shows that the overall score for the infection control standards were less than 50%. Among the various categories of infection control only personal hygiene standards showed good score (77.3%). Personal protective equipment score was adequate (61%) while hand hygiene score was inadequate (52%). The rest of the categories showed poor scores.Conclusion:The result of the study shows that majority of categories of infection control measures at Khyber college of Dentistry are inadequate or poor.

scholarly journals Point-of-care training program on COVID-19 infection prevention and control for pediatric healthcare workers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingzi Ye ◽  
Peng Shi ◽  
Yonghao Gui ◽  
Albert M. Li ◽  
Guoying Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Online Training ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of training on knowledge and practices of infection prevention and control (IPC) among pediatric health care workers (HCW) in Shanghai, China, in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An online training program was designed by the Shanghai Pediatric Clinical Quality Control Center (SPQCC) during the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic on disease knowledge and practice of IPC. Training took place in the 81 partner hospitals affiliated with SPQCC. A 25-item self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge gained from the training. Stratified-random sampling was used to select HCW according to three professionals (i.e., pediatricians, nurses and administrators) within each partner hospital. Awareness and knowledge of COVID-19 and its related infection control and practice was assessed by comparing survey results between different types of hospitals, professionals and professional ranks. A higher survey score meant that the respondent was more prepared and knowledgeable about COVID-19 and its infection control measures. Results: Completed questionnaires were returned from 1,062 subjects (385 pediatricians, 410 nurses, and 267 administrators), giving a response rate of 96.5%. Overall, awareness of clinical information related to COVID-19, importance of personal hygiene and isolation policy was high among the respondents. No statistical difference of scores on knowledge of COVID-19, IPC and relevant practice between the tertiary and peripheral hospitals. Among all respondents, middle-ranked health care personnel were most knowledgeable and achieved the highest score. Conclusions: Majority of pediatric HCW showed good recognition and practice in infection protection and control measures. The online training was able to achieve its aim to enhance knowledge and awareness and could have contributed to the zero infection rate among HCW caring for confirmed COVID-19 cases in Shanghai.

scholarly journals Practice of Cross-infection Control for Dental Impression in Commercial Dental Laboratory

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Dilesh Pradhan ◽  
Lajana Shrestha ◽  
Junu Lohani ◽  
Jivesh Munankarmi
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Airborne Infection ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Dental Impression ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Laboratory Waste ◽  
Dental Professionals

Introduction: Dental professionals are at the risk of exposure to wide varieties of microorganisms from blood and saliva of patients to airborne infection from microbial-laden aerosols and spatter created during laboratory procedures. Dental laboratories are usually disregarded when planning effective infection and exposure control measures. Contaminated impression may act as a vehicle for transmission of infectious agents. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the practice of dental technicians towards infection control and to evaluate practice of the same for dental impressions in commercial dental laboratories. Methods: Self-administered standard questionnaire was distributed to 35 dental laboratories and 31 participated in the study. The answers were collected by the investigators themselves. The data obtained were computed and analysed to find the results. Results: Among all dental laboratories, 21 (67.75%) ensure dental impression is disinfected in clinic. 18 (58.06%) wear gloves when receiving clinical items and 27 (87.10%) transfer the items in separate sealed plastic bag. Of all, 25 (80.64%) of the dental laboratories have separate receiving area for dental impression and 23 (74.19%) of the dental technicians continue to wear protective barriers (gloves, mask and apron) during work. In total, 29 (93.55%) of the dental laboratories confirmed, none of their technicians has ever attended any course or training in cross-infection control. Conclusion: The practice of cross-infection control for dental impression in commercial dental laboratories is acceptable. There should be proper guidelines from the regulating body on the protocol of infection control and laboratory waste disposal.

scholarly journals Are healthcare workers safe? Facility assessment of airborne infection control measures in public hospitals of Kerala

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2723
Author(s):  
Anjali Krishnan R. ◽  
Kamarudeen M. ◽  
Rekha Ravindran M. ◽  
Shinu K. S.
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Airborne Infection ◽  
Airborne Infections ◽  
And Control

Background: Nosocomial transmission of airborne infection is a major peril to health care providing community and has been linked to poor adherence to airborne infection control practices. The present study was conducted to assess the gaps in health care facilities and practices for prevention and control of transmission of air borne infections among healthcare workers in government district level hospitals of Kerala.Methods: A cross sectional survey including observation was done in 24 facilities. The tool for the survey and the check list for observation were developed based on national airborne infection control guidelines and assessment tool for prevention and control of infection by centre for disease control. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 23.Results: The functioning of airborne infection control system was found to be suboptimal in most of the institutions. Implementation of environmental control measures was poor when compared to administrative control and personal protection measures. Adequate ventilation was not present in more than half of the institutions (60%). All institutions had infection control committees in place but were not functioning well. Personal protective equipment’s were not available at point of use in more than half of the institutions (62.5%). Out of the 16 self-reported hospital acquired respiratory infections among the staff, pulmonary tuberculosis was predominant.Conclusions: Several barriers were identified at different levels for prevention and control of airborne infections among healthcare workers. The findings reinforce the need to implement strict guidelines to prevent occupation induced airborne infections among health workers in public health system.

scholarly journals Population Adherence to Infection Control Behaviors during Hong Kong’s First and Third COVID-19 Waves: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11176
Author(s):  
Emily Ying Yang Chan ◽  
Jean H. Kim ◽  
Kin-on Kwok ◽  
Zhe Huang ◽  
Kevin Kei Ching Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Over Time

Background: Although COVID-19 has affected over 220 countries by October 2021, there is limited research examining the patterns and determinants of adherence to infection control measures over time. Aims: Our study examines the sociodemographic factors associated with changes in the frequency of adherence to personal hygiene and social distancing behaviors in Hong Kong. Methods: A serial cross-sectional telephone survey in the general population was conducted during the first (March 2020) (n = 765) and third wave (December 2020) (n = 651) of the local outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents were asked about their level of compliance with various personal hygiene and social distancing recommendations. Results: By the third wave, mask use increased to 100%, and throughout the study periods, >90% practiced frequent hand hygiene. However, adherence to social distancing measures significantly waned over time: avoidance of social gatherings (80.5% to 72.0%), avoidance of public places/public transport (53.3% to 26.0%), avoidance of international travel (85.8% to 76.6%) (p < 0.05). The practice of ordering food takeout/home delivery, however, increased, particularly among high-income respondents. Higher education, female gender and employment status were the most consistently associated factors with adherence to COVID-19 preventive practices in the multivariable models. Conclusions: In urban areas of this region, interventions to improve personal hygiene in a prolonged pandemic should target males and those with low education. In addition to these groups, the working population needs to be targeted in order to improve adherence to social distancing guidelines.

scholarly journals Mathematical Model for Optimal Control of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristide G. Lambura ◽  
Gasper G. Mwanga ◽  
Livingstone Luboobi ◽  
Dmitry Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Basic Reproduction Number ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
The Basic Reproduction Number

In this paper, we study the dynamics of soil-transmitted helminth infection. We formulate and analyse a deterministic compartmental model using nonlinear differential equations. The basic reproduction number is obtained and both disease-free and endemic equilibrium points are shown to be asymptotically stable under given threshold conditions. The model may exhibit backward bifurcation for some parameter values, and the sensitivity indices of the basic reproduction number with respect to the parameters are determined. We extend the model to include control measures for eradication of the infection from the community. Pontryagian’s maximum principle is used to formulate the optimal control problem using three control strategies, namely, health education through provision of educational materials, educational messages to improve the awareness of the susceptible population, and treatment by mass drug administration that target the entire population(preschool- and school-aged children) and sanitation through provision of clean water and personal hygiene. Numerical simulations were done using MATLAB and graphical results are displayed. The cost effectiveness of the control measures were done using incremental cost-effective ratio, and results reveal that the combination of health education and sanitation is the best strategy to combat the helminth infection. Therefore, in order to completely eradicate soil-transmitted helminths, we advise investment efforts on health education and sanitation controls.

Eye in COVID-19: A Brief Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mohsin Ali ◽  
Qudsia Anwar Dar ◽  
Zahid Kamal ◽  
Alishba Khan
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Route ◽  
Ocular Manifestation ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Personal Protection Equipment ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Infection Control Measures

This is a brief review covering the currently available literature on ocular manifestations of COVID-19, andprevention strategies for ophthalmologists. A literature search was carried out of Pubmed, Google Scholar andWHO database of publications on COVID. Keywords used in the search were eye, ocular manifestations,ophthalmology, COVID-19, nCoV-2019, and coronavirus disease. All available articles were reviewed and thosepertinent to the study topic were included. Considering the dearth of information available, ophthalmology journals were also searched separately for relevant articles. Major ocular manifestation of COVID reported in literature is red eye, which usually presents before the onset of respiratory symptoms. Since the eye can be a possible transmission route for SARS-CoV-2, infection control measures should be undertaken by ophthalmologists, including use of personal protection equipment and eye/face covering. A framework for structuring ophthalmological services during the COVID pandemic is also presented in this review.

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