scholarly journals Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in rural Rwanda: time to contextualize the interventions? A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. Bavuma ◽  
Sanctus Musafiri ◽  
Pierre-Claver Rutayisire ◽  
Loise M. Ng’ang’a ◽  
Ruth McQuillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Running Water ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Existing prevention and treatment strategies target the classic types of diabetes yet this approach might not always be appropriate in some settings where atypical phenotypes exist. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda compared to those of urban dwellers. Methods A cross-sectional, clinic-based study was conducted in which individuals with diabetes mellitus were consecutively recruited from April 2015 to April 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient interviews, medical files and physical examinations. Chi-square tests and T-tests were used to compare proportions and means between rural and urban residents. Results A total of 472 participants were recruited (mean age 40.2 ± 19.1 years), including 295 women and 315 rural residents. Compared to urban residents, rural residents had lower levels of education, were more likely to be employed in low-income work and to have limited access to running water and electricity. Diabetes was diagnosed at a younger age in rural residents (mean ± SD 32 ± 18 vs 41 ± 17 years; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity, family history of diabetes and obesity were significantly less prevalent in rural than in urban individuals (44% vs 66, 14.9% vs 28.7 and 27.6% vs 54.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). The frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was lower in rural than in urban participants. High waist circumference was more prevalent in urban than in rural women and men (75.3% vs 45.5 and 30% vs 6%, respectively; p < 0.001). History of childhood under-nutrition was more frequent in rural than in urban individuals (22.5% vs 6.4%; p < 0.001). Conclusions Characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda appear to differ from those of individuals with diabetes in urban settings, suggesting that sub-types of diabetes exist in Rwanda. Generic guidelines for diabetes prevention and management may not be appropriate in different populations.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in rural Rwanda: Time to contextualize the interventions? A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bavuma Munganyinka ◽  
Sanctus Musafiri ◽  
Pierre-Claver Rutayisire ◽  
Loise Mwihaki ◽  
Ruth McQuillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Running Water ◽  
History Of

Abstract Aim Existing prevention and treatment strategies target traditional risk factors for diabetes, yet this approach might not always be appropriate in some populations. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes in rural Rwanda. Methods A cross-sectional, clinic-based study was conducted in which individuals with diabetes mellitus were consecutively recruited from April 2015 to April 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient interviews, medical files and physical examinations. Chi-square tests and T-tests were used to detect disproportionate numbers and means between rural and urban residents. Results A total of 472 participants were recruited, including 295 women and 315 rural residents. Compared to urban residents, rural residents had lower levels of education, more low-income work and limited access to running water and electricity. Diabetes was diagnosed at a younger age in rural residents (mean age 32±18 vs 41±17 years; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity, family history of diabetes and obesity were significantly less prevalent in rural than in urban individuals (44% vs 66%, 14.9% vs 28.7% and 27.6% vs 54.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). The frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was lower in rural than in urban participants. High waist circumference was more prevalent in urban than in rural women and men (75.3% vs 45.5% and 30% vs 6%, respectively; p< 0.001). History of childhood under-nutrition was more frequent in rural than in urban individuals (22.5% vs 6.4%; p< 0.001). Conclusions Characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda appear to differ from those of individuals with diabetes in urban settings, suggesting that prevention strategies should differ between settings.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in rural Rwanda: Time to contextualize the interventions? A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bavuma Munganyinka ◽  
Sanctus Musafiri ◽  
Pierre-Claver Rutayisire ◽  
Loise M Ng’ang’a ◽  
Ruth McQuillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Running Water ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Existing prevention and treatment strategies target the classic types of diabetes yet this approach might not always be appropriate in some settings where atypical phenotypes exist. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda compared to those of urban dwellers.Methods: A cross-sectional, clinic-based study was conducted in which individuals with diabetes mellitus were consecutively recruited from April 2015 to April 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient interviews, medical files and physical examinations. Chi-square tests and T-tests were used to compare proportions and means between rural and urban residents.Results: A total of 472 participants were recruited (mean age 40.2±19.1years), including 295 women and 315 rural residents. Compared to urban residents, rural residents had lower levels of education, were more likely to be employed in low-income work and to have limited access to running water and electricity. Diabetes was diagnosed at a younger age in rural residents (mean ± SD 32±18 vs 41±17 years; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity, family history of diabetes and obesity were significantly less prevalent in rural than in urban individuals (44% vs 66%, 14.9% vs 28.7% and 27.6% vs 54.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). The frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was lower in rural than in urban participants. High waist circumference was more prevalent in urban than in rural women and men (75.3% vs 45.5% and 30% vs 6%, respectively; p< 0.001). History of childhood under-nutrition was more frequent in rural than in urban individuals (22.5% vs 6.4%; p< 0.001).Conclusions: Characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda appear to differ from those of individuals with diabetes in urban settings, suggesting that sub-types of diabetes exist in Rwanda. Generic guidelines for diabetes prevention and management may not be appropriate in different populations.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in rural Rwanda: Time to contextualize the interventions? A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bavuma Munganyinka ◽  
Sanctus Musafiri ◽  
Pierre-Claver Rutayisire ◽  
Loise M Ng’ang’a ◽  
Ruth McQuillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Running Water ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Existing prevention and treatment strategies target the classic types of diabetes yet this approach might not always be appropriate in some settings where atypical phenotypes exist. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda compared to those of urban dwellers.Methods: A cross-sectional, clinic-based study was conducted in which individuals with diabetes mellitus were consecutively recruited from April 2015 to April 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient interviews, medical files and physical examinations. Chi-square tests and T-tests were used to compare proportions and means between rural and urban residents.Results: A total of 472 participants were recruited (mean age 40.2±19.1years), including 295 women and 315 rural residents. Compared to urban residents, rural residents had lower levels of education, were more likely to be employed in low-income work and to have limited access to running water and electricity. Diabetes was diagnosed at a younger age in rural residents (mean ± SD 32±18 vs 41±17 years; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity, family history of diabetes and obesity were significantly less prevalent in rural than in urban individuals (44% vs 66%, 14.9% vs 28.7% and 27.6% vs 54.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). The frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was lower in rural than in urban participants. High waist circumference was more prevalent in urban than in rural women and men (75.3% vs 45.5% and 30% vs 6%, respectively; p< 0.001). History of childhood under-nutrition was more frequent in rural than in urban individuals (22.5% vs 6.4%; p< 0.001).Conclusions: Characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda appear to differ from those of individuals with diabetes in urban settings, suggesting that sub-types of diabetes exist in Rwanda. Generic guidelines for diabetes prevention and management may not be appropriate in different populations.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in rural Rwanda: Time to contextualize the interventions? A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bavuma Munganyinka ◽  
Sanctus Musafiri ◽  
Pierre-Claver Rutayisire ◽  
Loise Mwihaki ◽  
Ruth McQuillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Key Words Diabetes ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Running Water ◽  
History Of

Abstract Aim: Existing prevention and treatment strategies target the classic types of diabetes yet this approach might not always be appropriate in some settings where atypical phenotypes exist. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda. Methods: A cross-sectional, clinic-based study was conducted in which individuals with diabetes mellitus were consecutively recruited from April 2015 to April 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient interviews, medical files and physical examinations. Chi-square tests and T-tests were used to compare proportions and means between rural and urban residents. Results: A total of 472 participants were recruited, including 295 women and 315 rural residents. Compared to urban residents, rural residents had lower levels of education, were more likely to be employed in low-income work and to have limited access to running water and electricity. Diabetes was diagnosed at a younger age in rural residents (mean ± SD 32±18 vs 41±17 years; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity, family history of diabetes and obesity were significantly less prevalent in rural than in urban individuals (44% vs 66%, 14.9% vs 28.7% and 27.6% vs 54.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). The frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was lower in rural than in urban participants. High waist circumference was more prevalent in urban than in rural women and men (75.3% vs 45.5% and 30% vs 6%, respectively; p< 0.001). History of childhood under-nutrition was more frequent in rural than in urban individuals (22.5% vs 6.4%; p< 0.001). Conclusions : Characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda appear to differ from those of individuals with diabetes in urban settings, suggesting that sub-types of diabetes exist in Africa. Generic guidelines for diabetes prevention and management may not be appropriate in different populations. Key words: diabetes; risk factors; malnutrition; rural; Rwanda

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in rural Rwanda: Time to contextualize the interventions? A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bavuma Munganyinka ◽  
Sanctus Musafiri ◽  
Pierre-Claver Rutayisire ◽  
Loise M Ng’ang’a ◽  
Ruth McQuillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Key Words Diabetes ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Existing prevention and treatment strategies target the classic types of diabetes yet this approach might not always be appropriate in settings such as rural Africa where atypical phenotypes exist. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of people with diabetes in rural and urban Rwanda. Methods: Across-sectional, clinic-based study was conducted in which individuals with diabetes mellitus were consecutively recruited from April 2015 to April 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient interviews, medical files and physical examinations. Chi-square tests and T-tests were used to compare proportions and means between rural and urban residents. Results: A total of 472 participants were recruited (mean + SD age 40.2±19.1years), including 295 women and 315 rural residents. Compared to urban residents, rural residents had lower levels of education, were more likely to be employed in low-income work and to have limited access to running water and electricity. Diabetes was diagnosed at a younger age in rural residents (mean ± SD 32±18 vs 41±17 years; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity, family history of diabetes and obesity were significantly less prevalent in rural than in urban individuals (44% vs 66%, 14.9% vs 28.7% and 27.6% vs 54.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). The frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was lower in rural than in urban participants. High waist circumference was more prevalent in urban than in rural women and men (75.3% vs 45.5% and 30% vs 6%, respectively; p< 0.001). History of childhood under-nutrition was more frequent in rural than in urban individuals (22.5% vs 6.4%; p< 0.001). Conclusions : Characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda appear to differ from those of individuals with diabetes in urban settings, suggesting that sub-types of diabetes exist in Africa. Generic guidelines for diabetes prevention and management may not be appropriate in different populations. Key words: diabetes; risk factors; malnutrition; rural; Rwanda

scholarly journals THE DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF WOMEN WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Inaniya ◽  
B S Meena ◽  
Mohan Lal Meena ◽  
Aparna Sharma ◽  
Shalini Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: The present study aimed to study the demographic profile women with gestational diabetes mellitus Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur. Results: Mean age of patients was 27.68 ± 4.4 Yrs. Most of the study subjects in GDM group (54.7%) were Hindu. Study subjects in GDM group were almost equally from rural (50.7%).Most of the study subjects in both GDM group (88%) were housewives. Habit of smoking was found in only 6.7% females in GDM group. Habit of alcohol was found in 4% females in GDM group. Family history of diabetes was seen more in females with GDM (17.3%). Conclusion: This study concluded that the socio demographic factors influence the occurrence of GDM. Keywords: GDM, Age, Gravida

scholarly journals The prevalence of insulin resistance in patients with β -thalassemia major at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Caroline Mulawi ◽  
Bambang Tridjaja ◽  
Maria Abdulsalam ◽  
Zakiudin Munasir
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Family History ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background Diabetes mellitus is a common complication in pa-tients with thalassemia major. Iron overload plays an important roleby damaging the pancreatic β-cell and the liver cell, with the con-sequences of insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. Family his-tory of diabetes mellitus is one of the critical factors for the devel-opment of glucose metabolism derangement. However, the patho-genesis of glucose metabolism derangement remains unclear.Objective To evaluate the prevalence of impaired glucose toler-ance, diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance in patients with β-thalassemia major treated in the Thalassemia Outpatient Clinic,Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital,Jakarta.Methods This was a descriptive cross sectional study conductedin May 2002. Forty-eight subjects aged 10 to 18 years, grouped bytotal volume of transfusions and family history of diabetes mellitus,underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum transfer-rin saturation, and insulin level examinations. Insulin resistancewas calculated from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concen-trations using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).Results One of 48 patients (2%) had impaired glucose toleranceat the age of 17 years. Diabetes mellitus occurred in three of 48patients (6%) at the age of 15.5 years in one patient and 18 yearsin two patients. Family history of diabetes mellitus was found in 2patients with diabetes mellitus and in the only one with impairedglucose tolerance. Insulin resistance was not detected in this study.Conclusion The prevalence of glucose metabolism derangementin patients with thalassemia major was low. No insulin resistancewas found in this study

scholarly journals Sweet Taste Threshold among Medical Students with Family History of Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasya Aisah Latif ◽  
Yulia Sofiatin ◽  
Maya Kusumawati ◽  
Rully Marsis Amirullah Roesli
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Family History ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Taste Threshold ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: Diabetic patients have low sensitivity towards sweet taste, thus consuming more sugar. A young adult with family history of diabetes mellitus (FHD) who lives with diabetic parents may have an increased risk of overconsumption of sugar due to a similar dietary pattern, leading to diabetes. This study aimed to explore the difference in the sweet taste threshold (STT) between students with and without a family history of diabetes mellitus. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in October –November 2018 on Class 2018 medical students living in a student dormitory who were divided into those with family history of diabetes (FHD) and those without it (non-FHD). Family history of diabetes and other known diseases were self-reported. The three-Ascending Forced Choice method was used to determine the sweet recognition threshold. Mann-Whitney analysis was used to compare the sweet taste thresholds between the two groups. Result: A total of 183 subjects participated in this study. The non-FHD group had a higher rank of sweet taste threshold than subjects in the FHD group (94.21 vs 81.16), albeit insignificant (p=0.192). Interestingly, the modes of best estimation threshold (BET) for non-FHD group was than the FHD group (0.067 M vs 0.043 M). Conclusion: The BET for students without family history of diabetes is higher than those with family history of diabetes. It is imperative that low sugar consumption campaign should also aim young people without FHD.

scholarly journals Cost of hospitalisation and length of stay due to hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdallah Y. Naser ◽  
Hassan Alwafi ◽  
Zahra Alsairafi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalisation Cost ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Patients

Objective: This study aims to estimate the length of stay and hospitalisation cost of hypoglycaemia, and to identify determinants of variation in the length of stay and hospitalisation cost among individual patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using inpatients records for patients with diabetes mellitus who had been hospitalised due to hypoglycaemic events in two private hospitals in Amman, Jordan between January 2009 and May 2017. All hospitalisation costs were inflated to the equivalent costs in 2017. Hospitalisation cost was estimated from the patient’s perspective in Jordanian dinars (JOD). Descriptive analyses and correlation between sociodemographic or clinical characteristics with the cost and length of stay were explored. Predictors of hypoglycaemic hospitalisation cost and length of stay were determined using logistic regression. Results: During the study period a total of 126 patients with diabetes mellitus were hospitalised due to an incident of hypoglycaemia. The mean patient age was 64.2 (SD=19.6) years; half were male. Patients admitted for hypoglycaemia stayed in hospital for a median duration of two days (IQR=2 days). The median cost of hospitalisation for hypoglycaemia was 163.2 JOD (USD 230.1) (IQR=216.3 JOD). We found that the Glasgow coma score was positively associated with length of stay (0.345, p=0.008), and older age was correlated with higher hospitalisation cost (0.207, p=0.02). Patients with a family history of diabetes had higher hospitalisation costs and longer duration of stay (0.306 and 0.275, p<0.05). In addition, being a male patient (0.394, p<0.05) and with an absence of smoking history was associated with longer duration of stay (0.456, p<0.01), but not with higher hospitalisation cost. Conclusions: Costs associated with the incidence of hypoglycaemic events are not low and constitute a large cost component of managing and treating diabetes mellitus. Male patients and patients having a family history of diabetes should receive extra care and education on the prevention of hypoglycaemic events, and a treatment de-intensification approach should be considered if necessary, so we can prevent its associated hospitalisation costs and length of stay.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus among patients attending TB clinics in Dar es Salaam: a descriptive cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Munseri ◽  
Henrika Kimambo ◽  
Kisali Pallangyo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background A bi-directional interaction between diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis is well established and has been likened to that between HIV and TB. Whereas HIV screening is standard of care test in sub Saharan Africa TB programs, the same is not true for diabetes mellitus (DM). Sub Saharan Africa, a region with high TB infection rates, is going through an epidemiological transition with rapidly rising prevalence of diabetes. We aimed at characterizing TB patients with DM in order to identify factors associated with TB-DM dual disease among patients attending TB clinics in Dar es Salaam. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2016 and January 2017 among patients attending TB clinics in Dar es Salaam. We collected socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements and screened for diabetes by measuring fasting blood glucose that was followed by a 2 h postprandial glucose for participants with impaired fasting blood glucose. We examined for socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with diabetes using logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 660 enrolled participants with TB, 25 (3.8%) were on treatment for diabetes while 39 (6.1%) and 147 (23%) of the remaining 635 participants were ultimately diagnosed with DM and impaired fasting blood glucose respectively. The overall prevalence of DM was 9.7% (64/660). Independent risk factors for diabetes included: age > 44 years {OR 4.52, 95% CI: [1.28–15.89]}; family history of diabetes {OR 3.42, 95% [CI 1.88–6.21]}. HIV sero-positive TB patients were less likely to have DM compared to those who were HIV sero-negative {OR 0.35, 95% CI [0.17–0.73]}. Conclusions Screening for diabetes should be advocated for TB patients aged above 44 years and/or with a family history of diabetes. HIV sero-negative TB patients were more likely to have DM compared to those who were HIV sero-positive. Further studies are needed to confirm this observation and the underlying factors.

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