scholarly journals Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in rural Rwanda: Time to contextualize the interventions? A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bavuma Munganyinka ◽  
Sanctus Musafiri ◽  
Pierre-Claver Rutayisire ◽  
Loise M Ng’ang’a ◽  
Ruth McQuillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Key Words Diabetes ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Existing prevention and treatment strategies target the classic types of diabetes yet this approach might not always be appropriate in settings such as rural Africa where atypical phenotypes exist. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of people with diabetes in rural and urban Rwanda. Methods: Across-sectional, clinic-based study was conducted in which individuals with diabetes mellitus were consecutively recruited from April 2015 to April 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient interviews, medical files and physical examinations. Chi-square tests and T-tests were used to compare proportions and means between rural and urban residents. Results: A total of 472 participants were recruited (mean + SD age 40.2±19.1years), including 295 women and 315 rural residents. Compared to urban residents, rural residents had lower levels of education, were more likely to be employed in low-income work and to have limited access to running water and electricity. Diabetes was diagnosed at a younger age in rural residents (mean ± SD 32±18 vs 41±17 years; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity, family history of diabetes and obesity were significantly less prevalent in rural than in urban individuals (44% vs 66%, 14.9% vs 28.7% and 27.6% vs 54.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). The frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was lower in rural than in urban participants. High waist circumference was more prevalent in urban than in rural women and men (75.3% vs 45.5% and 30% vs 6%, respectively; p< 0.001). History of childhood under-nutrition was more frequent in rural than in urban individuals (22.5% vs 6.4%; p< 0.001). Conclusions : Characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda appear to differ from those of individuals with diabetes in urban settings, suggesting that sub-types of diabetes exist in Africa. Generic guidelines for diabetes prevention and management may not be appropriate in different populations. Key words: diabetes; risk factors; malnutrition; rural; Rwanda

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in rural Rwanda: Time to contextualize the interventions? A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bavuma Munganyinka ◽  
Sanctus Musafiri ◽  
Pierre-Claver Rutayisire ◽  
Loise Mwihaki ◽  
Ruth McQuillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Key Words Diabetes ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Running Water ◽  
History Of

Abstract Aim: Existing prevention and treatment strategies target the classic types of diabetes yet this approach might not always be appropriate in some settings where atypical phenotypes exist. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda. Methods: A cross-sectional, clinic-based study was conducted in which individuals with diabetes mellitus were consecutively recruited from April 2015 to April 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient interviews, medical files and physical examinations. Chi-square tests and T-tests were used to compare proportions and means between rural and urban residents. Results: A total of 472 participants were recruited, including 295 women and 315 rural residents. Compared to urban residents, rural residents had lower levels of education, were more likely to be employed in low-income work and to have limited access to running water and electricity. Diabetes was diagnosed at a younger age in rural residents (mean ± SD 32±18 vs 41±17 years; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity, family history of diabetes and obesity were significantly less prevalent in rural than in urban individuals (44% vs 66%, 14.9% vs 28.7% and 27.6% vs 54.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). The frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was lower in rural than in urban participants. High waist circumference was more prevalent in urban than in rural women and men (75.3% vs 45.5% and 30% vs 6%, respectively; p< 0.001). History of childhood under-nutrition was more frequent in rural than in urban individuals (22.5% vs 6.4%; p< 0.001). Conclusions : Characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda appear to differ from those of individuals with diabetes in urban settings, suggesting that sub-types of diabetes exist in Africa. Generic guidelines for diabetes prevention and management may not be appropriate in different populations. Key words: diabetes; risk factors; malnutrition; rural; Rwanda

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in rural Rwanda: time to contextualize the interventions? A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. Bavuma ◽  
Sanctus Musafiri ◽  
Pierre-Claver Rutayisire ◽  
Loise M. Ng’ang’a ◽  
Ruth McQuillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Running Water ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Existing prevention and treatment strategies target the classic types of diabetes yet this approach might not always be appropriate in some settings where atypical phenotypes exist. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda compared to those of urban dwellers. Methods A cross-sectional, clinic-based study was conducted in which individuals with diabetes mellitus were consecutively recruited from April 2015 to April 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient interviews, medical files and physical examinations. Chi-square tests and T-tests were used to compare proportions and means between rural and urban residents. Results A total of 472 participants were recruited (mean age 40.2 ± 19.1 years), including 295 women and 315 rural residents. Compared to urban residents, rural residents had lower levels of education, were more likely to be employed in low-income work and to have limited access to running water and electricity. Diabetes was diagnosed at a younger age in rural residents (mean ± SD 32 ± 18 vs 41 ± 17 years; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity, family history of diabetes and obesity were significantly less prevalent in rural than in urban individuals (44% vs 66, 14.9% vs 28.7 and 27.6% vs 54.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). The frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was lower in rural than in urban participants. High waist circumference was more prevalent in urban than in rural women and men (75.3% vs 45.5 and 30% vs 6%, respectively; p < 0.001). History of childhood under-nutrition was more frequent in rural than in urban individuals (22.5% vs 6.4%; p < 0.001). Conclusions Characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda appear to differ from those of individuals with diabetes in urban settings, suggesting that sub-types of diabetes exist in Rwanda. Generic guidelines for diabetes prevention and management may not be appropriate in different populations.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in rural Rwanda: Time to contextualize the interventions? A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bavuma Munganyinka ◽  
Sanctus Musafiri ◽  
Pierre-Claver Rutayisire ◽  
Loise Mwihaki ◽  
Ruth McQuillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Running Water ◽  
History Of

Abstract Aim Existing prevention and treatment strategies target traditional risk factors for diabetes, yet this approach might not always be appropriate in some populations. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes in rural Rwanda. Methods A cross-sectional, clinic-based study was conducted in which individuals with diabetes mellitus were consecutively recruited from April 2015 to April 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient interviews, medical files and physical examinations. Chi-square tests and T-tests were used to detect disproportionate numbers and means between rural and urban residents. Results A total of 472 participants were recruited, including 295 women and 315 rural residents. Compared to urban residents, rural residents had lower levels of education, more low-income work and limited access to running water and electricity. Diabetes was diagnosed at a younger age in rural residents (mean age 32±18 vs 41±17 years; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity, family history of diabetes and obesity were significantly less prevalent in rural than in urban individuals (44% vs 66%, 14.9% vs 28.7% and 27.6% vs 54.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). The frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was lower in rural than in urban participants. High waist circumference was more prevalent in urban than in rural women and men (75.3% vs 45.5% and 30% vs 6%, respectively; p< 0.001). History of childhood under-nutrition was more frequent in rural than in urban individuals (22.5% vs 6.4%; p< 0.001). Conclusions Characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda appear to differ from those of individuals with diabetes in urban settings, suggesting that prevention strategies should differ between settings.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in rural Rwanda: Time to contextualize the interventions? A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bavuma Munganyinka ◽  
Sanctus Musafiri ◽  
Pierre-Claver Rutayisire ◽  
Loise M Ng’ang’a ◽  
Ruth McQuillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Running Water ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Existing prevention and treatment strategies target the classic types of diabetes yet this approach might not always be appropriate in some settings where atypical phenotypes exist. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda compared to those of urban dwellers.Methods: A cross-sectional, clinic-based study was conducted in which individuals with diabetes mellitus were consecutively recruited from April 2015 to April 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient interviews, medical files and physical examinations. Chi-square tests and T-tests were used to compare proportions and means between rural and urban residents.Results: A total of 472 participants were recruited (mean age 40.2±19.1years), including 295 women and 315 rural residents. Compared to urban residents, rural residents had lower levels of education, were more likely to be employed in low-income work and to have limited access to running water and electricity. Diabetes was diagnosed at a younger age in rural residents (mean ± SD 32±18 vs 41±17 years; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity, family history of diabetes and obesity were significantly less prevalent in rural than in urban individuals (44% vs 66%, 14.9% vs 28.7% and 27.6% vs 54.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). The frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was lower in rural than in urban participants. High waist circumference was more prevalent in urban than in rural women and men (75.3% vs 45.5% and 30% vs 6%, respectively; p< 0.001). History of childhood under-nutrition was more frequent in rural than in urban individuals (22.5% vs 6.4%; p< 0.001).Conclusions: Characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda appear to differ from those of individuals with diabetes in urban settings, suggesting that sub-types of diabetes exist in Rwanda. Generic guidelines for diabetes prevention and management may not be appropriate in different populations.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in rural Rwanda: Time to contextualize the interventions? A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bavuma Munganyinka ◽  
Sanctus Musafiri ◽  
Pierre-Claver Rutayisire ◽  
Loise M Ng’ang’a ◽  
Ruth McQuillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Running Water ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Existing prevention and treatment strategies target the classic types of diabetes yet this approach might not always be appropriate in some settings where atypical phenotypes exist. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda compared to those of urban dwellers.Methods: A cross-sectional, clinic-based study was conducted in which individuals with diabetes mellitus were consecutively recruited from April 2015 to April 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient interviews, medical files and physical examinations. Chi-square tests and T-tests were used to compare proportions and means between rural and urban residents.Results: A total of 472 participants were recruited (mean age 40.2±19.1years), including 295 women and 315 rural residents. Compared to urban residents, rural residents had lower levels of education, were more likely to be employed in low-income work and to have limited access to running water and electricity. Diabetes was diagnosed at a younger age in rural residents (mean ± SD 32±18 vs 41±17 years; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity, family history of diabetes and obesity were significantly less prevalent in rural than in urban individuals (44% vs 66%, 14.9% vs 28.7% and 27.6% vs 54.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). The frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was lower in rural than in urban participants. High waist circumference was more prevalent in urban than in rural women and men (75.3% vs 45.5% and 30% vs 6%, respectively; p< 0.001). History of childhood under-nutrition was more frequent in rural than in urban individuals (22.5% vs 6.4%; p< 0.001).Conclusions: Characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda appear to differ from those of individuals with diabetes in urban settings, suggesting that sub-types of diabetes exist in Rwanda. Generic guidelines for diabetes prevention and management may not be appropriate in different populations.

scholarly journals Prevalence and commonest predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Saranya Nagalingam ◽  
Vaishnavi Murugaraj
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
History Of

Background: Babies born to mothers with GDM are at increased risk of complications, primarily growth abnormalities and chemical imbalances such as hypoglycemia, GDM is a reversible condition and women who have adequate control of glucose level scan effectively decrease the associated risks and give birth to healthy babies. The objective was to estimate the prevalence and the predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods: This study was conducted as a cross sectional study among the antenatal mothers at the outpatient department of the rural and urban health centers of the KG hospital and PG institute and its affiliated centers in Coimbatore. The study period was one year and during which 150 antenatal mothers participated in the study.Results: The prevalence of GDM was 76 (9%) and 74 (11%) in rural and urban health centers respectively. The maximum number of GDM Mothers to be 26-30years of age with a peak indicating 42% and 39% of GDM mothers were found to be in primigravida, 48% of GDM mothers were primipara. About 65% of GDM pre-pregnant mothers were overweight according to BMI, 53% of GDM mothers had positive family history of DM. Majority of the study population 100 (67%) had HBA1C less than 6% and the remaining 50 (33%) had more than 6% value. The variables like age, gravida, parity, family history of diabetes, pre-pregnant BMI, history of PCOS, history of hypertension, history of hypothyroidism was compared with the glycaemic status (HBA1C values) and it was found to be statistically significant at P<0.05.Conclusions: The commonest risk factors which increases the incidence of GDM were family history of diabetes mellitus, overweight pre-pregnant BMI, history of PCOS, hypothyroidism, increasing gravidity and parity respectively.

scholarly journals Study on prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and their few risk factors among rural women in Ghaziabad

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1488
Author(s):  
Narendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background: With rapid urbanisation in National Capital Region, Ghaziabad, associated life style diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus are also increasing. For an effective preventive program, it is mandatory to know prevalence and relevant risk factors. Many studies among men have been conducted, this study was undertaken to find out prevalence, and associated factors solely among   rural women in Ghaziabad. Methods: A pretested Performa was administered to all non-pregnant women coming to a health centre. Information on medical and family history, dietary habits, physical activity, blood pressure, blood sugar, height, weight etc. was recorded. For statistical analyses, SPSS-16 software was used. Results: Out of total 569 participants, 59 were having hypertension, showing a prevalence of 10.36 %, 44 were having family history of hypertension with a prevalence of 7.73%. 93 were found to be Diabetics, with a prevalence of 16.34% and family history of diabetes among 57, i.e. 10.36% in study group. Overall 134, (23.55%) had abnormally higher BMI, age group with highest prevalence of BMI was also having highest diabetes and hypertension cases. This age group was  found to be doing just  mild physical activity. Conclusions: This study gives insight in heavy burden of hypertension, diabetes, and associated risk factors in rural women folks in a rural health centre of Ghaziabad. Life style modifications, more physical activities, dietary modifications with lesser salt ,fats  will go in long way of reducing burden of these diseases and risk factors. 

scholarly journals Incidence of diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors in the adult population of the Basque country, Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Urrutia ◽  
◽  
Alicia Martín-Nieto ◽  
Rosa Martínez ◽  
J Oriol Casanovas-Marsal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the Basque Country and the risk factors involved in the disease by reassessing an adult population after 7 years of follow-up. In the previous prevalence study, 847 people older than 18 years were randomly selected from all over the Basque Country and were invited to answer a medical questionnaire, followed by a physical examination and an oral glucose tolerance test. In the reassessment, the same variables were collected and the resulting cohort comprised 517 individuals of whom 43 had diabetes at baseline. The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 4.64% in 7 years and the raw incidence rate was 6.56 cases/1000 person-years (95%CI: 4.11–9.93). Among the incident cases, 59% were undiagnosed. The most strongly associated markers by univariate analyses were age > 60 years, dyslipidaemia, prediabetes and insulin resistance. We also found association with hypertension, obesity, family history of diabetes and low education level. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex showed that a set of risk factors assessed together (dyslipidaemia, waist-to-hip-ratio and family history of diabetes) had great predictive value (AUC-ROC = 0.899, 95%CI: 0.846–0.953, p = 0.942), which suggests the need for early intervention before the onset of prediabetes.

scholarly journals POS0727 INSULIN RESISTANCE AND LEPTIN LEVELS IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PATIENTS WITHOUT DIABETES MELLITUS OR FASTING HYPERGLYCEMIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 613.2-614
Author(s):  
L. Kondrateva ◽  
T. Panafidina ◽  
T. Popkova ◽  
M. Cherkasova ◽  
A. Lila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Categories ◽  
Group 1

Background:Insulin resistance (IR) is considered as initial stage of diseases continuum from development of prediabetes to eventual progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Individuals with prediabetes have also elevated leptin levels, so this adipocytokine along with IR can be considered as predictive laboratory markers of higher risk of T2DM. It is not yet clear whether presence of individual or multiple SLE-related and/or known traditional risk factors of T2DM (such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, family history of diabetes, or being overweight) can precipitate the development of IR.Objectives:To analyze the relationship between IR and increasing leptin levels rates. To identify the presence and evaluate the potential role of traditional and disease-related risk factors for IR in SLE patients without T2DM or hyperglycemia.Methods:A total of 49 SLE pts (46 women, 3 men, 40 [33;48] years old) without established DM and with normal fasting glucose levels (<6,1 mmol/l) were enrolled in the study. Median disease duration was 3,0[0,7;8,0] years, SLEDAI-2K was 5[2;8]. SLE pts were treated with glucocorticoids (GC) (84%), hydroxychloroquine (78%), immunosuppressive drugs (20%) and biological agents (10%). Insulin levels were measured using electrochemiluminescence assay Elecsys (Roche Diagnostics), serum leptin concentrations were estimated using ELISA (DBS-Diagnostics Biochem Canada Inc.). IR was defined as Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance index (HOMA-IR) ≥2,77. Leptin levels were considered elevated at values ≥11,1 ng/ml for women, ≥5.6 ng/ml for men. Eight traditional T2DM risk factors from the FINDRISK (Finnish Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Form) questionnaire (older age, being overweight, abdominal obesity, family history of diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, lack of regular dietary fiber intake, taking antihypertensive medications as a surrogate marker of high blood pressure, documented episodes of hyperglycemia) were evaluated. This study used 5 risk categories for developing T2DM proposed by FINDRISK questionnaire: low, slightly elevated, moderate, high or very high.Results:Median HOMA-IR levels were 1,7 [1,2;2,5]. HOMA-IR correlated with leptin levels (r=0,7, p<0,001), body mass index (BMI) (r=0,6, p<0,001), waist circumference (WC) (r=0,5, p<0,001), T2DM risk categories by FINDRISK (r=0,3, p=0,03), SLEDAI-2K (r= -0,4, p<0,01), and duration of GCs therapy (r=0,3, p=0,03). Current GC use had no influence on HOMA-IR in SLE. IR was detected in 10 (20%) SLE pts. The traditional T2DM risk factors profiles were similar in pts with (Group 1) or without IR (Group 2) except for higher anthropometric parameters in group 1 (for BMI 27,2[24,8;32,2]kg/m2 vs 23,7[20,6;26,7]kg/m2, p<0,01; for WC: 93[86;102]cm vs 83[76;93]cm, p=0,02). Leptin levels were also higher in SLE pts with IR compared to pts without IR (74,2[30,4;112,7]ng/ml vs 25,0[6,7;42,4]ng/ml, p<0,01). Increased leptin levels were found in 35 (71%) pts, more often in pts with IR (100 vs 64%, p=0,04).Conclusion:IR was found in 20% of SLE pts without T2DM having normal serum fasting glucose concentration. Emergence of IR was commonly preceded by increased leptin levels. IR values were closely associated with accumulation of adipose tissue facilitated by long-term GCs use and disease activity decrease. Contribution of other traditional risk factors of T2DM seemed insignificant.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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