Does the rate of orthodontic tooth movement change during the estrus cycle? A systematic review based on animal studies

Abstract Background As the fluctuation of sex hormone levels in menstruating women results in periodical effects in bone metabolism, understanding the implications for tooth movement could be of benefit to the orthodontist. This type of research presents practical and ethical problems in humans, but animal models could provide useful information. Our objective was to systematically investigate the available evidence on the question whether the rate of orthodontic tooth movement varies between the different stages of the estrus cycle in animals. Methods Unrestricted searches in 7 databases and manual searching of the reference lists in relevant studies were performed up to February 2021 (Medline [PubMed], CENTRAL [Cochrane Library; includes records from Embase, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO's ICTRP, KoreaMed, Cochrane Review Groups’ Specialized Registers, and records identified by handsearching], Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [Cochrane Library], Scopus, Web of Knowledge [including Web of Science Core Collection, KCI Korean Journal Database, Russian Science Citation Index, SciELO Citation Index and Zoological Record], Arab World Research Source [EBSCO] and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses [ProQuest]). Our search focused on prospective controlled animal studies, whose samples included female subjects of any species that were quantitatively comparing the amount of tooth movement in the different stages of the estrus cycle. Following study retrieval and selection, relevant data was extracted, and the risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias Tool. Results From the finally assessed records, 3 studies met the inclusion criteria. Two of the studies experimented on Wistar rats, whereas the other on cats. Tooth movement was induced by expansion or coil springs. The rate of orthodontic tooth movement was increased during the stages of the estrus cycle when oestrogen and/or progesterone levels were lower. The risk of bias in the retrieved studies was assessed to be unclear. Conclusion Hormonal changes during the estrus cycle may affect the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Although these animal experiment results should be approached cautiously regarding their translational potential, it could be useful to consider the possible impact of these physiological changes in the clinical setting until more information becomes available. Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021158069).

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Impact of Vibration on the Levels of Biomarkers: A Systematic Review

The Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society ◽

10.1177/03015742211019520 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 030157422110195

Author(s):

Ashish Agrawal ◽

TM Chou

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Cochrane Collaboration ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Electronic Search ◽

Proquest Dissertation

Introduction: The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effect of vibrational force on biomarkers for orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: An electronic search was conducted for relevant studies (up to December 31, 2020) on the following databases: Pubmed, Google scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wiley Library, and ProQuest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database. Hand searching of selected orthodontic journals was also undertaken. The selected studies were assessed for the risk of bias in Cochrane collaboration risk of bias tool. The “traffic plot” and “weighted plot” risk of bias distribution are designed in the RoB 2 tool. The 2 authors extracted the data and analyzed it. Results: Six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The risks of biases were high for 4, low and some concern for other 2 studies. The biomarkers, medium, device, frequency and duration of device, as well as other data were extracted. The outcomes of the studies were found to be heterogenous. Conclusion: One study showed highly statistically significant levels of IL-1 beta with <.001. Rate of tooth movement was correlated with levels of released biomarkers under the influence of vibrational force in 3 studies, but it was found to be significant only in 1 study. It was further observed that vibration does not have any significant reduction in pain and discomfort.

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Does medication administration affect the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption development in humans? A systematic review

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjz063 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 407-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eleftherios G Kaklamanos ◽

Miltiadis A Makrygiannakis ◽

Athanasios E Athanasiou

Keyword(s):

Animal Studies ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Medication Administration ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Local Injections

Summary Background Recently, the potential impact of different medications on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and the associated root resorption has been systematically reviewed in animal studies and various effects have been shown. However, animal data cannot be extrapolated to human clinical situations directly. Objectives To systematically investigate the most up to date available evidence from controlled human studies regarding the effect of medication administration on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and associated root resorption development. Search methods We searched eight databases (covering also grey literature) without restrictions and we performed hand searching up until October 2018. Selection criteria Controlled studies in humans assessing the effect of various medications on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption development. Data collection and analysis Study selection was followed by data extraction and risk of bias assessment using the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized studies. Results Eight studies, at various risk of bias, were finally identified. With regard to the rate of orthodontic tooth movement, local injections of prostaglandin E1 were found to exert an increasing effect, whereas systemic intake of nabumetone decreased it. Following tenoxicam administration, drinking water with fluoride or local injections of calcitriol (vitamin D metabolite), no significant effects were demonstrated. Concerning root resorption development, nabumetone administration was shown to reduce it, whereas fluoride, overall, was not observed to exert any effect. Only in individuals subjected to heavy orthodontic forces, did fluoride show a protective effect for the period of force application, but not in the longer term during retention. Conclusions The aforementioned substances may show varying effects on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption development in human subjects. Despite the observed limitations, the orthodontist should be able to identify patients taking pharmaceuticals and consider any implications related to orthodontic treatment. Registration PROSPERO (CRD42017078208).

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Effect of pharmacological agents on relapse following orthodontic tooth movement:

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/092619-613.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 90 (4) ◽

pp. 598-606

Author(s):

Prabhakar Veginadu ◽

Santosh Rahul Tavva ◽

Vizia Muddada ◽

Suresh Gorantla

Keyword(s):

Animal Studies ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Evaluation Tool ◽

Qualitative Synthesis ◽

Pharmacological Agents ◽

Orthodontic Force ◽

Hand Search

ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate and synthesize systematically the evidence from animal studies pertaining to the effect of pharmacological agents on tooth movement relapse following cessation of orthodontic force application. Materials and Methods An electronic search was conducted in seven online databases (including gray sources) without restrictions until the third week of April 2019, followed by a hand search in the reference lists of eligible articles. Controlled animal studies investigating the effect of pharmacological agents on tooth movement relapse following orthodontic treatment were selected. Relevant data were extracted from eligible studies and the risk of bias assessment was done using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool. Results The search identified 2354 records, of which 7 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in the qualitative synthesis, with the majority presenting an unclear risk of bias. Orthodontic relapse was shown to decrease with the administration of pamidronate disodium, atorvastatin, aspirin, and chemically modified tetracycline-3. Inconsistent effects on relapse were observed after the use of simvastatin. The overall quality of retrieved evidence was assessed as low at best. Conclusions The available evidence shows that the investigated pharmacological agents may demonstrate variable effects on tooth movement relapse following cessation of orthodontic force. Additional evidence of higher quality is required to draw definitive conclusions on their effects and to make potential recommendations for clinical application.

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The effectiveness of locally injected platelet-rich plasma on orthodontic tooth movement acceleration:

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/061320-544.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ziyu Li ◽

Jialiang Zhou ◽

Song Chen

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objectives To critically appraise the current evidence available from animal studies pertaining to the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and Methods Electronic searches of nine databases were conducted up to June 2020, followed by a hand search of the reference list of eligible studies. The study design required was prospective controlled animal studies. The primary outcome assessed was the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. The secondary outcome evaluated was histological changes after PRP application. Following study retrieval and selection, relevant data were extracted. Risk-of-bias (RoB) assessment was done using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's Risk of Bias Tool (SYRCLE's Risk of Bias Tool). Two review authors conducted the work of searching, study selection, and quality assessment independently and in duplicate. Results Of 193 studies, 5 animal studies were included in this systematic review. Three studies found a positive correlation between PRP injection and tooth movement acceleration, along with corresponding histological changes. Two studies detected no significant difference in tooth movement rate after PRP application. Conclusions Based on the current limited evidence, the efficacy of PRP on tooth movement acceleration remains debatable. More well-designed randomized controlled trials involving humans are called for to obtain more clinically significant conclusions.

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Does exogenous female sex hormone administration affect the rate of tooth movement and root resorption? A systematic review of animal studies

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0257778 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. e0257778

Author(s):

Eleftherios G. Kaklamanos ◽

Miltiadis A. Makrygiannakis ◽

Athanasios E. Athanasiou

Keyword(s):

Sex Hormones ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Female Sex ◽

Female Sex Hormones

Background The long-term use of contraceptive methods that contain estrogens, progestogens or combinations of the above among women aged 15 to 49 years is extensive. Both estrogens and progestogens affect bone metabolism. Objective To systematically investigate and appraise the quality of the available evidence from animal studies regarding the impact of exogenous administration of female sex hormones on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption. Search methods Search without restriction in seven databases (including grey literature) and hand searching were performed until May 2021. Selection criteria We looked for controlled animal studies investigating the effect from exogenous administration of formulations containing female sex hormones on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption. Data collection and analysis After study retrieval and selection, relevant data was extracted, and the risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias Tool. The quality of available evidence was assessed with the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Results Three studies were identified, all being at unclear risk of bias. Overall, administration of progesterone and the combinations of estradiol with norgestrel and desogestrel were shown to significantly decrease the rate of orthodontic tooth movement when given for longer periods (>3 weeks). Inconsistent information was detected for shorter periods of consumption. Estradiol, with desogestrel use, resulted in less root resorption. The quality of the available evidence was considered to be low. Conclusions Exogenous administration of female sex hormones may decelerate in the long term the rate of tooth movement and decrease orthodontically induced root resorption in animals. Until more information becomes available, an orthodontist should be able to identify a patient consuming such substances and understand the potential clinical implications and adverse effects that may arise. Registration PROSPERO: CRD42017078208; https://clinicaltrials.gov/.

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The Effect of Statins on Orthodontic Tooth Movements: A Meta-analysis of Animal Studies

Avicenna Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.34172/ajdr.2021.06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 28-37

Author(s):

Zohreh Afshari ◽

Shabnam Tahamtan ◽

Farinaz Shirban

Keyword(s):

Animal Studies ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Area Of Interest ◽

Model Study ◽

Study Selection ◽

Current Area

Background: Statins are effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Their favorable effects on various aspects of oral health including promising effects on bone metabolism and pleiotropic impacts such as anti-inflammatory properties made these drugs a current area of interest in the field of orthodontics. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of statins on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in animals undergoing orthodontic treatments. Methods: Several databases were comprehensively searched for studies measuring the effects of statins on the OTM up to January 2020, including MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane. Animal studies evaluating the effects of statins on tooth movements in animals undergoing orthodontic treatments were selected based on the PICO model .Study selection, data extraction, risk of bias, and study quality assessment were independently performed by two reviewers. Finally, the data were analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis and the mean difference (MD) was used for comparing the outcome measures. Results: Three randomized trials were finally included in this meta-analysis. According to the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation Tool, all the included studies had at least one domain at a high risk of bias. The amount of the OTM was insignificantly lower in the statin group (MD = 0.134 mm, %95 confidence interval = -0.020-0.288, P>0.05). Conclusions: Due to the low quality and methodological inconsistencies among the included studies, conclusive confirmation regarding the effect of statins on the OTM remains debatable. Trail Registration: The protocol of this study was registered on PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/ PROSPERO/) with the ID # CRD42020164155.

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Does long-term use of pain relievers have an impact on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement? A systematic review of animal studies

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjy079 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 468-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Miltiadis A Makrygiannakis ◽

Eleftherios G Kaklamanos ◽

Athanasios E Athanasiou

Keyword(s):

Pain Relief ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Data Collection And Analysis ◽

High Doses

Summary Background Pain relief drugs are used and misused widely and may theoretically affect the events leading to orthodontic tooth movement. Objective To systematically investigate and appraise the quality of the available evidence regarding the effect of pain relief medications on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Search methods Search without restrictions in eight databases (including grey literature) and hand searching until October 2018. Selection criteria Animal controlled studies investigating the effect of pain relievers on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Data collection and analysis Following study retrieval and selection, relevant data were extracted and the risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool. Results Fourteen studies were finally identified, most of which at unclear risk of bias. Ibuprofen and loxoprofen did not show any significant effects on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement, whereas indomethacin, ketorolac, morphine, and high doses of etoricoxib were found to decrease it. Inconsistent or conflicting effects were noted after the administration of acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, celecoxib, meloxicam, and tramadol. The quality of the available evidence was considered at best as low. Conclusions Long-term consumption of pain relievers may affect the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. The orthodontist should be capable of identifying patients taking pain relievers independently of orthodontic treatment and consider the possible implications. Trial registration PROSPERO (CRD42017078208).

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Effects of systemic medication on root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review of animal studies

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjy048 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 346-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Miltiadis A Makrygiannakis ◽

Eleftherios G Kaklamanos ◽

Athanasios E Athanasiou

Keyword(s):

Animal Studies ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Arab World ◽

Good Practice ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Control Group ◽

Systemic Medication

SummaryBackgroundTheoretically, root resorption could be modulated by any medication taken that exhibits possible effects on the implicated molecular pathways.ObjectivesTo systematically investigate and appraise the quality of the available evidence from animal studies, regarding the effect of commonly prescribed systemic medication on root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement.Search methodsSearch without restrictions in eight databases (PubMed, Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Arab World Research Source, ClinicalTrials.gov, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) and hand searching until April 2018 took place. One author developed detailed search strategies for each database that were based on the PubMed strategy and adapted accordingly.Selection criteriaControlled studies investigating the effect of systemic medications on root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement.Data collection and analysisFollowing study retrieval and selection, relevant data were extracted and the risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias Tool.ResultsTwenty-one studies were finally identified, most of which at unclear risk of bias. Root resorption was shown to increase in Vitamin C treated animals in comparison with the control group, whereas a comparative decrease was noted after the administration of the alendronate, ibuprofen, growth hormone, low doses of meloxicam, simvastatin, lithium chloride and strontium ranelate. No difference was noted for acetaminophen, aspirin, fluoxetine, atorvastatin, misoprostol, zoledronic acid and zinc. Finally, inconsistent effects were observed after the administration of celecoxib, prednisolone and L-thyroxine. The quality of the available evidence was considered at best as low.ConclusionsThe pharmaceutical substances investigated were shown to exhibit variable effects on root resorption. Although the overall quality of evidence provides the clinician with a cautious perspective on the strength of the relevant recommendations, good practice would suggest that it is important to identify patients consuming medications and consider the possible implications.RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42017078208)

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Effect of nicotine exposure on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement: A meta-analysis based on animal studies

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0247011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0247011

Author(s):

Sanjay Jyothish ◽

Athanasios E. Athanasiou ◽

Miltiadis A. Makrygiannakis ◽

Eleftherios G. Kaklamanos

Keyword(s):

Animal Studies ◽

Cell Function ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Control Group ◽

Nicotine Exposure ◽

Force Application ◽

Clinical Scenarios ◽

Meta Regression

Background Nicotine exposure has been reported to modify bone cell function and the osseous metabolism with potential effects on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Objectives To systematically investigate and quantitively synthesize the most recent available evidence from animal studies regarding the effect of nicotine exposure on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Search methods Unrestricted searches in 7 databases and hand searching were performed until July 2020 (PubMed, Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Arab World Research Source, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global). Selection criteria We searched for controlled studies on healthy animals investigating the effect of nicotine on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Data collection and analysis Following study retrieval and selection, relevant data was extracted and the risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias Tool. Exploratory synthesis and meta-regression were carried out using the random effects model. Results From the initially identified records, 5 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and no specific concerns regarding bias were identified. Quantitative data synthesis showed that the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in the nicotine exposed rats was higher than in the control group animals (2 weeks of force application; 0.317 mm more movement in nicotine exposed rats; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.179–0.454; p = 0.000). No effect of the concentration or the duration force application was demonstrated following exploratory meta-regression. Conclusion Rats administered with nicotine showed accelerated rates of orthodontic tooth movement. Although, information from animal studies cannot be fully translated to human clinical scenarios, safe practice would suggest that the orthodontist should be able to identify patients exposed to nicotine and consider the possible implications for everyday clinical practice.

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Influence of Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Administration on the Outcomes of Orthodontic Tooth Movement—A Systematic Review

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115268 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5268

Author(s):

Zohaib Khurshid ◽

Faris Yahya Asiri

Keyword(s):

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Medical Subject Headings ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Minimal Bias ◽

Intermittent Pth

Objective: The aim of this review is to summarize the effects of local and systemic PTH administration on periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and methods: An electronic search was conducted on the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, SCOPUS and Embase. On PubMed/MEDLINE, the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords used were: “orthodontic tooth movement” OR (“tooth” (All Fields) AND “tooth movement” (All Fields)) OR “tooth movement” (All Fields)) AND (“parathyroid hormone”); all studies included using CONSORT. Results: After elimination of duplicates and articles not meeting our inclusion criteria, seven animal studies were included in this review. Although the majority of the studies suggest that PTH may a have a favorable outcome on OTM, most studies were found to have several sources of bias. Conclusion: Animal studies with minimal bias and long-term clinical studies are needed to ascertain the efficacy of intermittent PTH administration in improving the rate and retention of OTM.

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