Microleakage in class II restorations of two bulk fill resin composites and a conventional nanohybrid resin composite: an in vitro study at 10,000 thermocycles

Abstract Background The contraction presented by resin composites causes an increase in stress at the tooth-resin interface, causing micro-gaps that allow microleakage. This study aims to evaluate the degree of in vitro marginal microleakage in class II restorations with two bulk fill resin composites compared to a conventional nanohybrid resin composite. Methods The present study was an in vitro experimental design. A total of 30 standardized class II cavities were prepared in 15 human molars (mesially and distally). These cavities were later distributed in 3 groups according to the type of resin. Groups A and B were restored with bulk fill resin composites (Filtek—3 M/ESPE and Tetric N-Ceram—Ivoclar/Vivadent respectively) in a single increment of 4 mm. Group C was restored with the Filtek Z350 XT – 3 M/ESPE resin composite and two increments of 2 mm. Later, the restorations were subjected to 10,000 thermocycles between 5 °C to 55 °C and immersed in a silver nitrate solution (1 M for 24 h). The crowns were then sectioned mesiodistally and observed under the stereomicroscope to determine the degree of marginal microleakage at the occlusal and cervical areas. The results were analyzed with the Kruskal–Wallis and the Mann–Whitney U statistical tests. Results There were no statistically significant differences regarding the degree of microleakage between the three types of resin composites in the occlusal and cervical areas (p > 0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences after comparing each resin type in its occlusal and cervical area (p > 0.05). Conclusion Filtek Bulk Fill and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill resin composites showed no statistically significant differences with the conventional nanohybrid resin composite Filtek Z350XT at both occlusal and cervical areas.

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Microleakage of Silorane-based Resin Composite in Comparison with Methacrylate-based Composite in Class II Open Sandwich Restorations: An in vitro Study

World Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1146 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 145-149

Author(s):

Nidarsh D Hegde

Keyword(s):

Clinical Performance ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Nitrate Solution ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Class Ii ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Dye Penetration ◽

Separating Agent

ABSTRACT Introduction This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of different monomer systems on microleakage in class II composite open sandwich restorations with and without a separating agent placed between the nanofilled resin modified glass ionomer and the resin. Materials and methods Class II cavity preparations were prepared in maxillary premolars (n = 240) and the cervical limit of the proximal box was below the cementoenamel junction. Group 1 was restored with silorane-based composite and group II was restored with methacrylate-based composite. All specimens were subjected to thermocycling and examined for microleakage after in 50% silver nitrate solution. The recorded results of dye penetration were statistically analyzed using Chisquare test. Results Methacrylate-based composite (Filtek Z 350, 3M, St Paul, MN, USA) exhibited the highest dye penetration and silorane-based composite (Filtek P90 Low Shrink Posterior Restorative, 3M, St Paul, MN, USA) showed the lowest dye penetration among the restorative materials. However, specimens with separating agent showed almost no leakage between the RMGIC and tooth interface. Conclusion Forces of polymerization shrinkage are stronger than the bond between glass ionomer cement and tooth interface and the use of silorane technology in open sandwich restoration will decrease microleakage and improve clinical performance. How to cite this article Hegde MN, Hegde N, Hegde ND. Microleakage of Silorane-based Resin Composite in Comparison with Methacrylate-based Composite in Class II Open Sandwich Restorations: An in vitro Study. World J Dent 2012;3(2):145-149.

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Influence of gamma irradiation on the restorative interface and surface morphology of bulk fill dental composites

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i4.14348 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. e53910414348

Author(s):

Laís César de Vasconcelos ◽

Gabriela Queiroz de Melo Monteiro ◽

Andréa dos Anjos Pontual ◽

Flávia Maria de Moraes Ramos-Perez ◽

Julyana de Araújo Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Morphology ◽

Gamma Irradiation ◽

Silver Nitrate ◽

Nitrate Solution ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Silver Nitrate Solution ◽

Control Group ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Marginal Integrity

Objective: The purpose in this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of gamma irradiation on the marginal integrity and surface morphology of bulk fill resin composites by Microcomputed tomography (μ-CT) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Methods: class I cavities (3 mm deep) were prepared in 60 third molars restored with the following resin composites: Filtek™ Bulk Fill (FBF), TetricEvoCeram Bulk Fill (TBF), X-tra Fil Bulk Fill (XTA) and Filtek™ Z350 (Z350) (n = 15). The samples were immersed in 50% silver nitrate solution, scanned and subdivided according to the gamma radiation doses (Control group – no radiation, 30 and 60 Gy). After irradiation, the teeth were again immersed in silver nitrate and scanned. For morphological analysis, 12 cylindrical (10 x 2mm) specimens were and submitted to the studied radiation regimens (n =4). Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher LSD tests (α = 0.05). Results: it was observed that the irradiation negatively affected the marginal integrity of samples restored with FBF (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed for the other resin composites. No changes were shown in the surface morphology of bulk fill composites, despite irradiation having affected the surface morphology of the control group (Z350). It was concluded that the accumulated doses of 30 and 60 Gy negatively affected the tooth-restoration interface of FBF and at the surface morphology of Z350. Conclusions: TetricEvoCeram, and X-tra Fil Bulk Fill resin composites can be considered alternatives in the restorative treatment of patients submitted to radiotherapy of the head and neck.

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Influence of "soft start" polymerization on marginal sealing in resin composite restorations

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.2298/sgs0302059b ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 59-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Larisa Blazic ◽

Slavoljub Zivkovic

Keyword(s):

Resin Composite ◽

Nitrate Solution ◽

Silver Nitrate Solution ◽

Class Ii ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Soft Start ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Bonding Systems

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal microleakage in Class II with different materials in resin composite restorations cured by using "soft start" and standard polymerization techniques. Two adhesive Class II cavities were prepared in 50 human teeth with enamel in-between. Samples were divided into 5 groups and filled with composite resins, compatible flow resin composites and bonding systems. The ocluso-mesial restorations were cured with standard curing technique, and the ocluso-distal restorations were cured with "soft start" curing technique. After thermocycling, the teeth were immersed in silver nitrate solution and sectioned for leakage evaluation. The results pointed out, after "soft start" and standard curing techniques, that the best marginal behavior in Class II restorations was obtained with Tetric Ceram / Tetric Flow composite resins, then with Filtek Z 250 / Filtek Flow, followed by Admira Admira Flow and Point / Revolution composite materials. The deepest dye penetration was found in cavities with Diamond Lite / Diamond Link composite restorations. No statistically significant difference was found in the tested composite resin restorations, whether treated with "soft start" polymerization or with standard polymerization technique, in regard to marginal micro leakage.

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Microleakage at enamel and dentin margins with a bulk fills flowable resin

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.126230 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 08 (01) ◽

pp. 001-008 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Nicola Scotti ◽

Allegra Comba ◽

Alberto Gambino ◽

Davide Salvatore Paolino ◽

Mario Alovisi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Resin Composite ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Artificial Ageing ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Class V ◽

Dye Penetration ◽

Before And After ◽

Blue Solution

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal sealing ability of a bulk fill flowable resin composite on both enamel and dentin substrates. Materials and Methods: 48 non-carious molars were selected and four Class-V cavities were prepared at the CEJ of each sample. Cavities were filled with Venus Diamond (Heraeus Kulzer); Venus Diamond Flow (Heraeus Kulzer) and Surefil SDR (Dentsply). Samples were divided into two groups: First group samples were immersed in a methylene blue solution for 30 min at 25°C. Second group samples were artificially aged and then treated with methylene blue. Samples were sectioned in the center of the restoration and observed with a 40x stereomicroscope, and the percentage of cavity infiltration was calculated. Results: Results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA (P < 0.05). The amount of infiltration was significantly lower for the enamel substrate compared with dentin (P = 0.0001) and in samples immediately immersed in methylene blue compared with those that were artificially aged (P = 0.011). The interaction between the composite material and the marginal substrate significantly affected dye penetration (P = 0.006). Conclusions: Bulk fill flowable resins provided significantly better marginal seal in dentin, both before and after artificial ageing. Nanohybrid resin composites and bulk fill flowable resins showed similar microleakage values at enamel margins. Bulk fills flowable resins provided significantly better marginal seal in dentin, both before and after artificial ageing. Nanohybrid resin composites and bulk fill flowable resins showed similar microleakage values at enamel margins.

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Marginal Gap Formation in Approximal “Bulk Fill” Resin Composite Restorations After Artificial Ageing

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/17-068-l ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 180-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A Peutzfeldt ◽

S Mühlebach ◽

A Lussi ◽

S Flury

Keyword(s):

Tap Water ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Class Ii ◽

Artificial Ageing ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Gap Formation ◽

Marginal Gap ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference

SUMMARY The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the marginal gap formation of a packable “regular” resin composite (Filtek Supreme XTE [3M ESPE]) and two flowable “bulk fill” resin composites (Filtek Bulk Fill [3M ESPE] and SDR [DENTSPLY DeTrey]) along the approximal margins of Class II restorations. In each of 39 extracted human molars (n=13 per resin composite), mesial and distal Class II cavities were prepared, placing the gingival margins below the cemento-enamel junction. The cavities were restored with the adhesive system OptiBond FL (Kerr) and one of the three resin composites. After restoration, each molar was cut in half in the oro-vestibular direction between the two restorations, resulting in two specimens per molar. Polyvinylsiloxane impressions were taken and “baseline” replicas were produced. The specimens were then divided into two groups: At the beginning of each month over the course of six months' tap water storage (37°C), one specimen per molar was subjected to mechanical toothbrushing, whereas the other was subjected to thermocycling. After artificial ageing, “final” replicas were produced. Baseline and final replicas were examined under the scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the SEM micrographs were used to determine the percentage of marginal gap formation in enamel or dentin. Paramarginal gaps were registered. The percentages of marginal gap formation were statistically analyzed with a nonparametric analysis of variance followed by Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests and Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and all p-values were corrected with the Bonferroni-Holm adjustment for multiple testing (significance level: α=0.05). Paramarginal gaps were analyzed descriptively. In enamel, significantly lower marginal gap formation was found for Filtek Supreme XTE compared to Filtek Bulk Fill (p=0.0052) and SDR (p=0.0289), with no significant difference between Filtek Bulk Fill and SDR (p=0.4072). In dentin, significantly lower marginal gap formation was found for SDR compared to Filtek Supreme XTE (p<0.0001) and Filtek Bulk Fill (p=0.0015), with no significant difference between Filtek Supreme XTE and Filtek Bulk Fill (p=0.4919). Marginal gap formation in dentin was significantly lower than in enamel (p<0.0001). The percentage of restorations with paramarginal gaps varied between 0% and 85%, and for all three resin composites the percentages were markedly higher after artificial ageing. The results from this study suggest that in terms of marginal gap formation in enamel, packable resin composites may be superior to flowable “bulk fill” resin composites, while in dentin some flowable “bulk fill” resin composites may be superior to packable ones.

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Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to Nanoceramic and Nanohybrid Resin Composites: An In vitro Study

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i2530831 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 128-133

Author(s):

Krishnakanth Jaju ◽

Iffat Nasim

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Resin Composite ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Bacterial Suspension ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Test Control

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the cariogenic microorganisms. The restorative materials which harbor a biofilm with high number of S. mutans can accelerate the occurrence of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adherence of S. mutans to nanoceramic and nanohybrid resin composites. Fifteen discs of each material (Nanohybrid resin composite, Nanoceramic resin composite) were prepared, polished, and sterilized in a gamma radiation chamber. Specimens were exposed to the S. mutans bacterial suspension (0.5 McFarland) and were incubated for 4 hours. Specimens were rinsed and sonicated in normal saline, 10 μl of the obtained suspension was cultured in a sterile blood agar medium. After 24 hours, the number of colony forming units of S. mutans was counted. A sterility test control was considered for each group of materials. The data was analyzed by Independent t test. The means and standard deviations of the logarithmic counts of the colonies on the surfaces of nanohybrid resin composites and nanoceramic resin composite were equal to 3.2±0.87 and 2.8±0.324 respectively. Ceram X Universal did not show any significant difference in the bacterial adhesion compared to Filtek Z350XT. Both composites showed similar behaviour in terms of S. mutans colonization in a simple biofilm formation model.

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Influence of Volumetric Shrinkage and Curing Light Intensity on Proximal Contact Tightness of Class II Resin Composite Restorations: In Vitro Study

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/11-269-l ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 205-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H El-Shamy ◽

MH Saber ◽

CE Dörfer ◽

W El-Badrawy ◽

BAC Loomans

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

High Intensity ◽

Resin Composite ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Class Ii ◽

Volumetric Shrinkage ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Curing Light

SUMMARY Background Proximal contact tightness of class II resin composite restorations is influenced by a myriad of factors. Previous studies investigated the role of matrix band type and thickness, consistency of resin composite, and technique of placement. However, the effect of volumetric shrinkage of resin and intensity of curing light has yet to be determined. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the influence of these factors on the proximal contact tightness when restoring class II cavity preparations in vitro. Methods Sixty artificial molars were restored with either a low-shrinkage (Filtek Silorane, 3M ESPE) or a conventional (Z100, 3M ESPE) composite and polymerized with low-intensity (Smartlite IQ2, Dentsply) or high-intensity light curing units (DemiTM, Kerr). Proximal contact tightness was measured using the Tooth Pressure Meter. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test. Results Use of low-shrinkage composite (Filtek Silorane) resulted in significantly tighter proximal contacts compared to the use of conventional composite (Z100) when cured with the same polymerization unit (p<0.001). Moreover, the low-intensity curing unit (IQ2) resulted in significantly tighter contacts than the high-intensity unit when material is constant (p<0.001). Conclusions Low-shrinkage resin composite and low curing light intensity is associated with tighter proximal contact values.

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Arresting simulated dentine caries with adjunctive application of silver nitrate solution and sodium fluoride varnish: an in vitro study

International Dental Journal ◽

10.1111/idj.12291 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 206-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Irene Shuping Zhao ◽

May Lei Mei ◽

Quan-Li Li ◽

Edward Chin Man Lo ◽

Chun-Hung Chu

Keyword(s):

Silver Nitrate ◽

Sodium Fluoride ◽

Nitrate Solution ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Silver Nitrate Solution ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Fluoride Varnish

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Margin Integrity of Bulk-Fill Composite Restorations in Primary Teeth

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13173802 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 3802 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alina Paganini ◽

Thomas Attin ◽

Tobias T. Tauböck

Keyword(s):

Resin Composite ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Class Ii ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Primary Molars ◽

Universal Adhesive ◽

Before And After ◽

Fill Materials

This in vitro study examined the margin integrity of sculptable and flowable bulk-fill resin composites in Class II cavities of primary molars. Standardized Class II cavities were prepared in human primary molars and restored with the following resin composite materials after application of a universal adhesive: a sculptable bulk-fill composite (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TEC) or Admira Fusion x-tra (AFX)), a flowable bulk-fill composite (Venus Bulk Fill (VBF) or SDR), or a conventional composite (Filtek Supreme XTE (FS)). The bulk-fill materials were applied in 4 mm layers, while the conventional composite was applied in either 2 mm (FS2, positive control) or 4 mm layers (FS4, negative control). The specimens were exposed to thermo-mechanical loading (TML) in a computer-controlled masticator. A quantitative margin analysis was performed both before and after TML using scanning electron microscopy, and the percentage of continuous margins (margin integrity) was statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). All composites showed a significant decline in margin integrity after TML. AFX exhibited the significantly highest margin integrity of all materials after TML (97.5 ± 2.3%), followed by FS2 (79.2 ± 10.8%), TEC (73.0 ± 9.1%), and FS4 (71.3 ± 14.6%). SDR (43.6 ± 22.3%) and VBF (25.0 ± 8.5%) revealed the lowest margin integrity. In conclusion, the tested sculptable bulk-fill materials show similar or better margin integrity in primary molars than the conventional resin composite placed in 2 mm increments.

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Comparing Microleakage and the Layering Methods of Silorane-based Resin Composite in Wide Class II MOD Cavities

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/08-073-lr ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 578-585 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Y. H. Bagis ◽

I. H. Baltacioglu ◽

S. Kahyaogullari

Keyword(s):

Wide Class ◽

Clinical Relevance ◽

Composite System ◽

Resin Composite ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Class Ii ◽

Vitro Study

Clinical Relevance This in vitro study showed that the Silorane-based microhybrid resin composite system had no microleakage for wide Class II MOD restorations with oblique and vertical layering techniques.

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