Which nurses are victims of bullying: the role of negative affect, core self-evaluations, role conflict and bullying in the nursing staff

Abstract Background Bullying among nurses is a universally recognized problem that has important consequences for nurses, patients and health institutions. This research was conducted with the aim of studying the relationship between role conflict, negative affect and core self-evaluations with bullying in nurses. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 329 nurses were selected by census method. Data were collected using PANAS Scale (negative affect), role conflict questionnaire, Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES), and the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R). Data were analyzed using t-test, one way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis with SPSS software (v. 22). Results The results showed that there is a significant difference between the mean bullying scores in according to gender and ward of affiliation. The influence of other variables (marital status, education level, years of experience, age group and work position) was not meaningful. Pearson correlation analysis results indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between role conflict (r = 0.47) and negative affect (r = 0.56) with bullying. Also there is a significant negative relationship between core self-evaluations and bullying (r = − 0.39). Moreover, regression analysis results revealed that negative affect, role conflict and gender can predict 44% of bullying variance significantly. Conclusions Based on these findings, core self-evaluations, negative affect and role conflict are good factors in predicting bullying among nurses. Consequently, hiring nurses with low negative affect and high core self-evaluations, improving nurses’ self-esteem and self-efficacy and changing workplace conditions in order to reducing role conflict can be useful in reducing workplace bullying.

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Sonographic Assessment of Renal Volume in Normotensive Pregnant Women and Women With Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension in Enugu Metropolis

Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography ◽

10.1177/87564793211021094 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 875647932110210

Author(s):

Idigo Felicitas Ugochinyere ◽

Nwankwo Sylvia Chiamaka ◽

Abonyi Everistus Obinna ◽

Anakwue Angel-Mary Chukwunyelu ◽

Agbo Julius Amechi

Keyword(s):

Reference Range ◽

Interobserver Variability ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Renal Volume ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Induced Hypertension

Objective: Renal volume (RV) assessment during obstetric sonography is rarely considered in our locality. Understanding the changes in RV in both normotensive pregnant (NP) and pregnancy-induced hypertensive (PIH) women is important in making correct diagnosis regarding pregnancy outcome. This study is aimed at determining the RV in NP and PIH women and correlating RV with fetal gestational age (FGA), body mass index (BMI), and parity in NP women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 450 patients recruited at a Tertiary Hospital. A pilot study was done to determine the interobserver variability in RV measurement. RV was calculated using the following formula: L × W × AP × 0.523. Parity, BMI, and blood pressure were documented, while FGA was calculated as an average of FGAs obtained from the measurements of fetal biometric parameters. Results: Mean RV of PIH women was significantly higher than that of NP women ( P < .05). RV shows a positive significant relationship with BMI and FGA, while it shows a negative relationship with parity in NP ( P < .05). Conclusion: Reference range values of RV were generated for clinical use in our locality, while there is statistically significant difference between RV in NP and PIH women.

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Relationship between Ratio of Second and Fourth Digit and Obesity Traits among Different Ethnic Groups in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb849888 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 396-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bolaji Fatai OYEYEMI ◽

John Oluwafemi ADEBAYO ◽

Abass Toba ANIFOWOSHE ◽

Oluyinka Ajibola IYIOLA

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Surrogate Marker ◽

Relative Length ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Digit Ratio ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Digit ratio (2D:4D) denotes the relative length of the second and fourth digits. There are contradicting reports on its relationship with ethnicity/race, whereas convincing studies show it is related to obesity. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to demystify ethnic difference in 2D:4D ratio and to analyze its relationship with obesity among adults in Ilorin Nigeria. The cross-sectional study included 701 individuals. Finger lengths were measured with electronic calipers and other anthropometric traits were measured with standard procedure. Student t test and one-way ANOVA were used to detect differences among groups and relationship was computed with Pearson correlation. The receiver operator characteristic curves were used to detect the diagnostic effect of 2D:4D for obesity. The obtained results showed sexual dimorphism in 2D:4D ratio and other anthropometrics at p < 0.01. Obesity was associated with significantly higher mean of 2D:4D in both genders (female 0.9814 ± 0.012:0.9700 ± 0.012; male 0.9700 ± 0.010:0.9592 ± 0.010 at p < 0.001). The area under the curve was 0.753 (95% CI 0.677-0.829, p < 0.01) and 0.798 (95% CI 0.756-0.804, p < 0.01) in female and male R2D:4D respectively for obesity, implying that 2D:4D might be a surrogate marker for obesity in future. No significant difference was found in 2D:4D among different ethnic groups studied (p >0.05); this result proved that there was no ethnic specificity in 2D:4D ratio among study’ participants. Thus, it can be reported that the digit ratio was related to high 2D:4D, but this cannot be said for different ethnic groups. The results imply that 2D:4D might be a good surrogate indicator for obesity, but not ethnicity.

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Correlation of VIT D3 and serum ferritin levels in anemic patients in a hospital based study.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.11.4771 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (11) ◽

pp. 2376-2382

Author(s):

Hamzullah Khan ◽

Mohammad Basharat

Keyword(s):

Serum Ferritin ◽

Standard Error ◽

Ferritin Level ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Iron Deficient ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Gender Groups

Objectives: To determine the correlation of Vit D3 levels with serum ferritin in patients with anemia. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pathology, Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera. Period: 5th Jan 2019 to 31st Dec 2020. Material & Methods: Data entered in SPSS 25th version. Descriptive statistics was used for numerical variables. Pearson correlation was used for correlation of Vit D3 with gender. Normality of data was checked by Shapiro wilk test. Mann Whitney U test was used to show the difference of Vit D3 and ferritin levels in gender. Results: The total of 192 anemic patients with Hb<10g/dl as per definition of WHO1 were referred for ferritin level estimation with 142(74%) females and 50(26%) males. Out of total, 47 were also advised with Vit D3 level estimation with 29(61.7%) females and 18(38.3%) males. Mean with standard deviation for age was 30+9.6 years. Mean with standard Error of mean of Vit D3 was (Mean-15.5ng/ml, SE 2.19). Mean with standard Error of mean of serum ferritin was (Mean-48.2ng/ml, SE 5.90). We observed 35(74.5%) cases out of 47, as Vit D3 deficient with a count less than 20 ng/ml. We observed that 118 (61.5%) were iron deficient with serum ferritin less than 15ng/ml. Person correlation showed a statistically significant correlation of Vit D3 with ferritin (p= 0.022, r=0.7). Spearman ranked correlation showed a statistically significant correlation between the categories of Vit D3 and ferritin (p=0.022, r=0.7). Mann Whitney U Test showed no significant difference in gender groups for botht the variables (p= 0.86 &p=0.33 respectively) thus retain the null hypotheses. Conclusion: The frequency of deficiency Vit D3<20ng/ml in anemic patients was 74% while that of ferritin<15ng/ml in anemic patients was 61.5%. There is a strong statistically significant correlation of Vit D3 with serum ferritin in anemic patients with Hb<11g/dl.

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Perbedaan arus puncak ekspirasi antara anak asma dengan obesitas dan anak asma tanpa obesitas

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia ◽

10.22146/ijcn.18839 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Nurul Hadi ◽

Madarina Julia ◽

Roni Naning

Keyword(s):

Peak Flow ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Growth Chart ◽

Z Score ◽

Flow Meter ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Asthmatic Children ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Obesity in children is associated with impairment of pulmonary function and increased risk of asthma. Obesity in asthmatic children may reduce lung function, that can be assessed by peak flow meter, a practical and an inexpensive tool.Objectives: To compare the peak expiratory flow (PEF) between obese and non-obese asthmatic children.Method: We conducted a cross sectional study in Yogyakarta during March 2010-September 2012. Fifty obese asthmatic patients and 50 non obese asthmatic control subjects participated in this study. Inclusion criteria were asthmatic patient, according to Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak (PNAA), and 6-18 years of age. Exclusion criteria were asthmatic attack, respiratory disease, heart disease and congenital chest malformation. Obesity is defined as body mass index (BMI) for age more than +3 SD WHO growth chart standards BMI for age 2007 z-score. Z-score is calculated with WHO AnthroPlus for Personal Computers. Data PEF is taken with electrical peak flow meter when the patient was not suffering from asthma attack. Normal PEF was defined as PEF ≥80% average (predicted) value for height.Results: The mean of age of asthmatic children in this study was 9.38 years and 9.50 years for non obese and obese respectively. The PFR was not different between obese asthmatic children and non obese asthmatic children (p=0,83). Pearson correlation of PFR and z-score BMI for age was positive weak correlation (r=0.12). There was significant difference of PFR between z-score BMI for age <3,20 and z-score BMI for age ≥3.20 (p=0.03). Significant difference of PFR also appears in duration of illness (p<0.001).Conclusion: There is no PFR difference between obese asthmatic children and non-obese asthmatic children. The difference of PFR emerges when statistic analysis performed using z-score BMI ≥3.20.

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What Do Our Nurses Know about Managing Patient with Permanent Pacemakers?

Jurnal NERS ◽

10.20473/jn.v15i2.18925 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 157

Author(s):

Muhamad Al Muizz Ismail ◽

Nor Marini Ibrahim ◽

Muhammad Kamil Che Hasan

Keyword(s):

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Pacemaker Implantation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Level Of Knowledge

Introduction: The number of patients with pacemaker implant is increasing in the health services sector in Malaysia, which requires nurses to have expertise in patient care with pacemaker implantation. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyse the level of knowledge among nurses regarding the management of patients with pacemaker implantation.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through purposive sampling among all nurses working at the critical care unit, intensive care unit, cardiac rehabilitation ward, investigation clinical laboratory, and non-invasive clinical laboratory in a public hospital in Kelantan. A questionnaire consisted of demographic data and nurses’ knowledge was distributed. Data were analysed for descriptive analysis and using Pearson correlation test.Results: Results from all respondents (n=70), show 48.6 % of the respondents had moderate knowledge about patient management with pacemaker implantation, 32.9 % had a low level of knowledge and only 13.6% had high knowledge regarding management of patient with pacemaker implantation. There is a significant difference between the level of knowledge and demographic data, that is between the level of education (p=0.027), age (p=0.011) and length of service (p=0.015). There is no significant relationship between knowledge and demographic data, such as gender (p=0.481), marital status (p=0.315), and post-basic (p=0.067).Conclusion: Level of knowledge among nurses about the management of patient with pacemaker implantation is low to moderate. Additional education and exposure among nurses are needed to enhance the knowledge of nurses and improve the quality of care among patients with pacemaker implant.

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Ekspresi Caspase-3 sebagai Petanda Apoptosis Makrofag Lesi Kulit Penderita Kusta Tipe Pausibasiler dan Multibasiler

Pustaka Kesehatan ◽

10.19184/pk.v7i1.17588 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Anggun P Yuniaswan ◽

Santoso Basuki ◽

Delya Widasmara

Keyword(s):

Caspase 3 ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Punch Biopsy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Coefficient Corrélation ◽

Pearson Correlation Test ◽

Elimination Mechanism ◽

Relationship Of

Macrophage and Schwann cells are target cell on leprosy disease, where apoptotic is assumed as one of elimination mechanism of macrophage previously infected by M.leprae. Several study showed various result in apoptotic on leprosy disease. Apoptotic level can be evaluated by observing caspase-3 activity, an executioner caspase on cell death. This study is aimed to observe the relationship of caspase-3 expression with paucibacillary and multibacillary types of leprosy. We used observational analytic and cross sectional study with consecutive sampling method. The subject was leprosy patient which had been diagnosed on dermatovenereology division outpatient clinic Saiful Anwar Hospital, and fullfilled the inclusion-exclusion criteria. Total subject was 19 persons (11 multibacillary and 8 paucibacillary). Sampling was taken with punch biopsy on skin lession, followed by immunohistochemical staining with caspase-3 antibody, and caspase-3 expression was measured by ImmunoRatio method. Comparation test revealed significant difference (p<0.05%) between caspase-3 expression mean on paucibacillary patient (84.46%) compared to multibacillary patient (65.39%). Pearson correlation test revealed caspase-3 expression tend to be higher in paucibacillary patient than multibacillary (coefficient correlation -0.759). In conclusion, there is a significance relationship between caspase-3 expression with leprosy type.

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The association between cigarette smoking attitudes and social capital among Iranian health and medical students: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11435-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hamideh Zahedi ◽

Mohammad Hasan Sahebihagh ◽

Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽

Leila Gholizadeh

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Medical Students ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

University Students ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary Role ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Smoking remains a leading public health challenge globally. As a psychosocial determinant of health, social capital can influence health attitudes and behaviors, and thus it may have the capacity to reduce smoking rates. The aim of this research was to examine the association between social capital and attitudes towards smoking among university students. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 538 health and medical students, recruited using the proportionate sampling method. Participants’ social capital and attitudes toward smoking were assessed using the social capital questionnaire (SCQ) and the scale of cigarette smoking attitude (CSA). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and the multiple regression analysis. Results About one in four health and medical students reported smoking, either currently or in the past, and 30% had either positive or indifferent attitudes towards smoking. The mean scores of the SCQ and the CSA were 105.1 ± 19.7 and 48.6 ± 11.2, respectively. There was a statistically significant negative association between the SCQ and the CSA scores (r = − 0.24; p < 0.001). In the regression analysis, the SCQ scores were also negatively and statistically significantly associated with the CSA scores, after controlling potential confounders (B: -0.09; 95% CI: − 0.13 to − 0.004). Conclusions As future healthcare providers, who are expected to take the primary role in reducing smoking rates in the community, health and medical students should be supported to develop appropriate attitudes towards smoking. Promoting positive social capital among university students has the capacity to improve their attitudes towards smoking. Possessing negative attitudes towards smoking should hopefully reduce smoking behaviors among future health professionals and improve their participation in anti-smoking campaigns.

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Comparison of Bladder Dysfunction and Urinary Symptoms Between Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences ◽

10.32598/cjns.5.18.105 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 105-110

Author(s):

Farid Nasr Esfahani ◽

◽

Navid Manouchehri ◽

Nasim Nehzat ◽

Omid Mirmosayyeb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Neuromyelitis Optica ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urinary Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Urogenital Distress Inventory ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Demyelinating Disorders

Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are auto immune demyelinating disorders. Both MS and NMO patients suffer from urinary dysfunction. Objectives: Investigation of frequency and severity of urinary symptoms in two groups of MS and NMO patients. Materials & Methods: 56 MS patients and 20 NMO patients were enrolled in this cross sectional study conducted in Isfahan Kashani hospital from March 2018 to September 2018. Frequency and severity of urinary symptoms were assessed using the urogenital distress inventory (UDI-6) and international prostate symptom score (IPSS) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann Whitney U test and Pearson correlation coefficient with the SPSS V. 18. Results: The Mean±SD of age was 40.2±11.45 and 34.1±9.09 in NMO and MS group respectively. There was a significant difference between MS and NMO patients regarding their overall IPSS score (9.8±7.9 and 14.6±11.3 respectively). The frequency of mild, moderate and severe urinary symptoms was 25%, 50 % and 25% among NMO patients and 48.2%, 35.7% and 16.1% among MS patients respectively. Based on UDI-6 questionnaire the most frequent symptoms in MS and NMO patients were frequency and urgency respectively and they are more frequent among NMO patients rather than MS patients. Conclusion: Our results showed a significant difference in frequency and severity of urinary symptoms between NMO and MS patients and NMO patients tend to experience more severe urinary symptoms.

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Prevalence and Duration of Post-Concussive Headaches in a Pediatric Sports Clinic: A Cross-sectional Study

Neurology ◽

10.1212/01.wnl.0000801792.09184.e1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 98 (1 Supplement 1) ◽

pp. S7.1-S7

Author(s):

Dipali P. Nemade ◽

Norman Cottrill ◽

Mary Payne

Keyword(s):

Brain Injuries ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Prior History ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of

ObjectiveWe aim to identify the potential risk factors associated with increased susceptibility for persistent post-concussive headaches.BackgroundConcussions are common, but complex, traumatic brain injuries seen in pediatric athletes of all ages & skill levels & occur in a wide variety of athletic settings. These mild traumatic brain injuries often have neurologic sequelae, including headaches. Although athletes are advised to rest, duration of post-concussive symptoms is often unpredictable.Design/MethodsWe conducted a cross sectional study on patients with head injury aged 5–18 years presented to pediatric concussion clinic (N = 603) from September 2013 to Dec 2018. We excluded patients with skull fractures and intracranial hemorrhage. The data was compiled & analyzed using frequency, Pearson correlation test, chi square & ANOVA test using IBM SPSS- 26.ResultsPatient cohort consisted of 364 males & 239 females. The age range for males was 5–18 years (Mean age ± SD: 13.45 ± 2.86) & for females was 6–18 years (Mean age ± SD: 13.97 ± 2.84). There was statically significant association between various age groups & presence of headache at 3 & 6 months (p < 0.05). Out of all ages, age group 5–8 years had highest risk of persistent headache while the age group 14–18 years reported headaches at 3 months but then resolution of symptoms by one year (p < 0.05). Females were more likely than males (of all ages) to have persistent headaches despite treatment (p = 0.00). There was also a statistically significant difference between loss of consciousness, prior history of headaches & prior history of concussions towards the development of persistent headaches (p < 0.05). Furthermore, football, soccer and basketball had significantly more headaches compared to other sports related injuries (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThere was a statistically higher risk of developing persistent headaches for females and those with a history of prior headache, prior concussion, younger age, and those playing football, soccer or basketball.

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The Comparison of Dietary Behaviors among Rural Controlled and Uncontrolled Hypertensive Patients

Advances in Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/7086418 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aziz Kamran ◽

Ali Akbar Shekarchi ◽

Elham Sharifian ◽

Heshmatolah Heydari

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutritional Knowledge ◽

Food Record ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Significant Difference

Nutrition is a dominant peripheral factor in increasing blood pressure; however, little information is available about the nutritional status of hypertensive patients in Iran. This study aimed to compare nutritional behaviors of the rural controlled and uncontrolled hypertensive patients and to determine the predictive power of nutritional behaviors from blood pressure. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 671 rural hypertensive patients, using multistage random sampling method in Ardabil city in 2013. Data were collected by a 3-day food record questionnaire. Nutritional data were extracted by Nutritionist 4 software and analyzed by the SPSS 18 software using Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, ANOVA, and independentt-test. A significant difference was observed in the means of fat intake, cholesterol, saturated fat, sodium, energy, calcium, vitamin C, fiber, and nutritional knowledge between controlled and uncontrolled groups. In the controlled group, sodium, saturated fats, vitamin C, calcium, and energy intake explained 30.6% of the variations in blood pressure and, in the uncontrolled group, sodium, carbohydrate, fiber intake, and nutritional knowledge explained 83% of the variations in blood pressure. There was a significant difference in the nutritional behavior between the two groups and changes in blood pressure could be explained significantly by nutritional behaviors.

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