scholarly journals An integrated mixed methods approach to clarifying delivery, receipt and potential benefits of CHW-facilitated social support in a health promotion intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maia Ingram ◽  
Kiera Coulter ◽  
Kevin Doubleday ◽  
Cynthia Espinoza ◽  
Floribella Redondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Objective Health ◽  
Tangible Support ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions

Abstract Background Social support plays a critical role in physical and emotional health, making it an important component of community health worker (CHW) health promotion interventions. Different types of support operate in different ways, however, and the relationship between the nature of CHW support and the subsequent health benefit for their clients is not well understood. Methods This paper describes an integrated mixed methods study of the emotional, informational, appraisal and tangible support CHWs provided to Latinx community members residing in three US-Mexico border communities. Using a cohort (n = 159) from a CHW community-based intervention, we identify and describe four clusters of social support in which participants are characterized by life situations that informed the types of social support provided by the CHW. We examine the association between each cluster and client perceptions of social support over the 6-month intervention. Results CHWs provided emotional, appraisal, informational and tangible support depending on the needs of participants. Participants who received higher levels of emotional support from the CHW experienced the greatest post intervention increase in perceived social support. Conclusions Study findings suggest that CHWs may be adept at providing non-directive social support based on their interaction with a client rather than a health outcome objective. Health promotion interventions should allow CHWs the flexibility to tailor provision of social support based on their assessment of client needs.

scholarly journals An Integrated Mixed Methods Approach to Clarifying Delivery, Receipt and Potential Benefits of CHW-Facilitated Social Support in a Health Promotion Intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maia Ingram ◽  
Kiera Coulter ◽  
Kevin Doubleday ◽  
Cynthia Espinoza ◽  
Floribella Redondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Objective Health ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions

Abstract Social support plays a critical role in physical and emotional heath, making it an important component of community health worker (CHW) health promotion interventions. Different types of support operate in different ways, however, and the relationship between the nature of CHW support and the subsequent health benefit for their clients is not well understood. This paper describes an integrated mixed methods study of the emotional, informational, appraisal and tangible support CHWs provided to Latinx community members residing in three US-Mexico border communities. Using a cohort (n = 159) from a CHW community-based intervention, we identify and describe four clusters of social support in which participants are characterized by life situations that informed the types of social support provided by the CHW. We examine the association between each cluster and client perceptions of social support over the 6-month intervention. Participants who received higher levels of emotional support from the CHW experienced the greatest post intervention increase in perceived social support. Study findings suggest that CHWs may be adept at providing non-directive social support based on their interaction with a client rather than a health outcome objective. Health promotion interventions should allow CHWs the flexibility to tailor provision of social support based on their assessment of client needs.

scholarly journals Evidence for the Fidelity and Effectiveness of Living Independent From Tobacco for People with Disabilities and Their Caregivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1179173X1882507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M Havercamp ◽  
Wesley R Barnhart ◽  
David Ellsworth ◽  
Erica Coleman ◽  
Allison Lorenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The People ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions

People with disabilities (PWD) are more likely to use tobacco and less likely to access tobacco cessation programs compared with people without disabilities. Living Independent From Tobacco (LIFT), an evidence-based intervention designed for PWD, was piloted with dyads of PWD (n = 5) and their caregivers (n = 7). As an important source of practical and social support for PWD, caregivers also impact health-related attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors of PWD. Caregivers who smoke may unwittingly interfere with cessation efforts of the people they support. We found that LIFT could be offered to dyads of PWD and their caregivers with fidelity. The intervention was associated with increased use of coping strategies and self-efficacy to reduce smoking. Tobacco use decreased at post-test (−34.94%), with further reduction 6-months after the intervention (−50.60%). Implications for offering inclusive health promotion interventions to both PWD and their caregivers are discussed.

scholarly journals A qualitative study on resident engagement in a community-based health promotion intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Srivarathan ◽  
R Lund ◽  
U Christensen ◽  
M Kristiansen
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Health Promotion Intervention ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions

Abstract Emerging evidence points towards lower quality of life, more fragile social relations and suboptimal health behaviour and health status of residents living in social housing areas characterized by ethnic diversity and socioeconomic disadvantage. Residents from social housing areas are less likely to engage in health promotion interventions compared to the rest of society. Community-based health promotion interventions developed in collaboration with the target group and adjusted to local context can affect the acceptance of and engagement in such interventions. However, few studies have investigated the potential of community-based interventions in social housing areas. This study explores resident perspectives on engagement in a community-based health promotion intervention focusing on enhancing social relations. Engagement was the key foundation for the designing and implementation of the intervention by the use of graphic facilitation. The intervention consisted of social outings to different sights and historical landmarks in Denmark. The study builds on qualitative methods including participant observations combined with pre- and post-intervention interviews with a selected group of residents (n = 9). Data were thematically analysed with a focus on participation in an everyday life context and by concepts of othering and territorial stigmatization. Engagement in the intervention was motivated by a need for establishing and enhancing social relations, and exploring the world outside the housing area. However, barriers including cultural and language differences among residents and competing contextual factors challenged engagement. We conclude that participatory community-based interventions have a potential to enhance social relations in social housing areas. Nevertheless, it is necessary to understand the motives and barriers to ensure feasible and relevant health promotion interventions and future engagement among residents living in social housing areas.

Evaluation of Empowerment in Health Promotion Interventions: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Lindacher ◽  
Janina Curbach ◽  
Berit Warrelmann ◽  
Susanne Brandstetter ◽  
Julika Loss
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
World Health ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions

Although empowerment is one of the core principles of the World Health Organization’s approach to health promotion, there are no standards, best practice recommendations, or guidelines for evaluating empowerment within interventions. For the development of effective empowerment promoting interventions, adequate study designs, methods, and indicators for assessing empowerment are essential. In order to better understand which evaluation procedures have been used so far, and which advantages and disadvantages are connected to them, we systematically reviewed empowerment-based health promotion interventions. We included 26 studies, which use a broad variety of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods designs and various data collection methods; qualitative and mixed-methods designs predominated. The quantitative measurement instruments are heterogeneous: Mainly self-designed or modified scales are applied. All studies consider indicators reflecting individual competencies and motivations, whereas indicators capturing the organizational and political components of empowerment are less common. Involving target group members in the development of evaluation procedures and combining different data sources are mentioned as specific steps to improve the quality of data collection. Given the flexible and context-dependent nature of empowerment approaches, the development of a “gold standard” for its evaluation seems unrealistic. However, the analyzed studies can be used to deduce recommendations that may help to conduct high-quality evaluations of empowerment, for example, mixed-methods designs, participation of target groups, and reflective loops within the research team.

Assessing Organizational Factors in Faith-based Organizations Partnering in Health Promotion Interventions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. Tagai ◽  
Cheryl L. Holt ◽  
Mary Ann Scheirer ◽  
Sherie Lou Z. Santos ◽  
Nancy Atkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Faith Based Organizations ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions

Promoting Key Family Practices of Common Childhood Illnesses among Mothers with Under-Five Children in Selected Military Communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Eta Squared ◽  
Family Practices ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Mothers are fundamental caregivers for under-five children and thus, family participation in child health services is very important. Therefore, a quasi-experimental study for promoting key family practices of mothers with under-five children was conducted among 278 respondents from Oaktwin Cantonment and Inndaing Cantonment in 2014. Data were collected by face-to-face interview with pretested structured questionnaire. Health promotion program including health education and advocacy for unit supports was implemented in study group. Before intervention, baseline data of respondents and pre-intervention knowledge and practices levels were identified. In the three-month and six-month after interventions, post-intervention data collection was done in both groups and data were analyzed. Findings show that there was a statistically significant difference of knowledge and practice scores between study group and control group after three-month interventions (t=10.827, p<0.0001, eta squared=0.297 and t=8.2, p<0.0001, eta squared=0.195, respectively), and six-month post-intervention (t=10.035, p<0.0001, eta squared=0.267 and t=8.773, p<0.0001, eta squared=0.304, respectively). Moreover, knowledge and practice level within study groups have a significant effect for time (F=160.45, p<0.0001 and F=113.06, p<0.0001, respectively) and the magnitude of this effect was also large (eta squared=0.699 for knowledge and 0.621 for practice). At the same time, knowledge and practice of control group have a significant effect for time (F=3.648, p=0.029 and F=19.564, p<0.0001, respectively) but this effect was very small. It can be asserted that health promotion program can improve the knowledge and practice of mothers regarding key family practices. The findings of current study might be a cornerstone for improvement of maternal knowledge and practice on caring for children in the military community.

Empathy not quarantined: Association between people’s empathy to others and the COVID-19 pandemic situations based on a national survey study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibin Jiang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Bu Zhong ◽  
Xuebing Qin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Media ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
The Social

BACKGROUND The Covid-19 pandemic had turned the world upside down, but not much is known about how people’s empathy might be affected by the pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study examined 1) how empathy towards others might be influenced by the social support people obtained by using social media; and 2) how the individual demographics (e.g., age, income) may affect empathy. METHODS A national survey (N = 943) was conducted in China in February 2020, in which the participants read three real scenarios about low-income urban workers (Scenario I), small business owners in cities (Scenario II), and farmers in rural areas (Scenario III) who underwent hardship due to COVID-19. After exposure to others’ difficulties in the scenarios, the participants’ empathy and anxiety levels were measured. We also measured the social support they had by using social media. RESULTS Results show that social support not only positively impacted empathy, β = .30, P < .001 for Scenario I, β = .30, P < .001 for Scenario II, and β = .29, P < .001 for Scenario III, but also interacted with anxiety in influencing the degree to which participants could maintain empathy towards others, β = .08, P = .010 for Scenario I, and β = .07, P = .033 for scenario II. Age negatively predicted empathy for Scenario I, β = -.08, P = .018 and Scenario III, β = -.08, P = .009, but not for Scenario II, β = -.03, P = .40. Income levels – low, medium, high – positively predicted empathy for Scenario III, F (2, 940) = 8.10, P < .001, but not for Scenario I, F (2, 940) = 2.14, P = .12, or Scenario II, F (2, 940) = 2.93, P = .06. Participants living in big cities expressed greater empathy towards others for Scenario III, F (2, 940) = 4.03, P =.018, but not for Scenario I, F (2, 940) = .81, P = .45, or Scenario II, F (2, 940) = 1.46, P =.23. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the literature by discovering the critical role empathy plays in people’s affective response to others during the pandemic. Anxiety did not decrease empathy. However, those gaining more social support on social media showed more empathy for others. Those who resided in cities with higher income levels were more empathetic during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study reveals that the social support people obtained helped maintain empathy to others, making them resilient in challenging times.

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